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inet(7)								       inet(7)

NAME
       inet - Internet Protocol family

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h> #include <netinet/in.h>

DESCRIPTION
       The  Internet Protocol family is a collection of protocols layered atop
       the Internet Protocol (IP) Version 4 and Version	 6  transport  layers,
       and utilizing the Internet address format. The Internet family provides
       protocol support for the SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, and  SOCK_RAW	socket
       types; the SOCK_RAW interface provides access to the IP protocol.

       Internet	 addresses  are 4-byte (AF_INET) or 16-byte (AF_INET6) quanti‐
       ties, stored in network standard format (on the Alpha,  VAX  and	 other
       machines,  these are word and byte reversed).  The netinet/in.h include
       file defines the in_addr and in6_addr  (AF_INET6)  structures  to  hold
       these addresses.

       Sockets	bound  to  the	Internet protocol family utilize an addressing
       structure sockaddr_in (AF_INET) or sockaddr_in6 (AF_INET6), whose  for‐
       mat  is	dependent  on  whether _SOCKADDR_LEN has been defined prior to
       including the netinet/in.h header file.	If _SOCKADDR_LEN  is  defined,
       the  sockaddr_in	 (AF_INET)  or sockaddr_in6 (AF_INET6) structure takes
       4.4BSD behavior, with a separate field for specifying the length of the
       address; otherwise, the default 4.3BSD behavior is used.

       Sockets	may  be created with the local address INADDR_ANY (AF_INET) or
       in6addr_any (AF_INET6) to effect wildcard  matching  on	incoming  mes‐
       sages.  The  address  in	 a  connect() or sendto() call may be given as
       INADDR_ANY (AF_INET) or in6addr_any (AF_INET6) to mean  ``this  host.''
       The  distinguished  address  INADDR_BROADCAST (AF_INET) is allowed as a
       shorthand for the broadcast address on the primary network if the first
       network configured supports broadcast.  There is no broadcast in IPv6.

       The  Internet  protocol	family	comprises  the	IP transport protocol,
       Internet Control Message Protocol  (ICMP)  Version  4  and  Version  6,
       Transmission  Control Protocol (TCP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
       TCP is used to support the SOCK_STREAM abstraction while UDP is used to
       support the SOCK_DGRAM abstraction.  A raw interface to IP is available
       by creating an Internet socket of type SOCK_RAW. The ICMP message  pro‐
       tocol is accessible from a raw socket.

       The  32-bit  IP Version 4 address contains both network and host parts.
       It is frequency-encoded; the most-significant bit is clear in  Class  A
       addresses, in which the high-order 8 bits are the network number. Class
       B addresses use the high-order 16 bits as the network field, and	 Class
       C  addresses  have a 24-bit network part. Sites with a cluster of local
       networks and a connection to the Internet may chose  to	use  a	single
       network	number	for the cluster; this is done by using subnet address‐
       ing. The local (host) portion of the address is further subdivided into
       subnet  and  host  parts. Within a subnet, each subnet appears to be an
       individual network; externally, the entire cluster appears to be a sin‐
       gle, uniform network requiring only a single routing entry.

       IPv4  subnet  addressing is enabled and examined by the following ioctl
       commands on a datagram socket in the Internet  domain;  they  have  the
       same  form  as  the SIOCSIFADDR command (see the reference page for the
       netintro function).  Set	 interface  network  mask.  The	 network  mask
       defines	the  network  part  of the address; if it contains more of the
       address than the address type would indicate, then subnets are in  use.
       Get interface network mask.

       The 128-bit IP Version 6 address has several formats.  One format is as
       follows:

       x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x

       In this format, x is the hexadecimal value of a	16-bit	piece  of  the
       address.	  See  the  Network Programmer's Guide for more information on
       IPv6 addresses.

NOTES
       The Internet protocol support is subject to change as the Internet pro‐
       tocols  develop.	  Users	 should	 not  depend on details of the current
       implementation, but rather the services exported.

SEE ALSO
       Functions: ioctl(2), socket(2).

       Network Information: netintro(7), tcp(7), udp(7), ip(7), icmp(7)

       Network Programmer's Guide

       Technical Overview

       RFC 2373, IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture, July 1998

								       inet(7)
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