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WI(4)			 BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual			 WI(4)

NAME
     wi — Lucent Hermes, and Intersil PRISM IEEE 802.11 driver

SYNOPSIS
     To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines in your
     kernel configuration file:

	   device wi
	   device wlan

     Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the
     following line in loader.conf(5):

	   if_wi_load="YES"

DESCRIPTION
     The wi driver provides support for 802.11b wireless network adapters
     based around the Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5,
     and Intersil Prism-3 chipsets.  All chipsets provide a similar interface
     to the driver.  Only the Intersil chipsets support access point operation
     or WPA.  Very old versions of firmware are not supported at all.  Older
     versions of the firmware that are supported may severely limit the abil‐
     ity to use these cards in newer networks.	Only relatively recent ver‐
     sions of Intersil firmware supports WPA.  See CAVEATS for details.	 All
     host/device interaction is via programmed I/O, even on those cards that
     support a DMA interface.

     For more information on configuring this device, see ifconfig(8).

     wi supports station, adhoc, adhoc-demo, hostap, and monitor mode opera‐
     tion.  Only one virtual interface may be configured at a time.  For more
     information on configuring this device, see ifconfig(8).

     Cards supported by the wi driver come in a variety of packages, though
     the most common are of the PCMCIA type.  In many cases, the PCI version
     of a wireless card is simply a PCMCIA card bundled with a PCI adapter.
     The PCI adapters come in two flavors: true PCMCIA bridges and dumb PCMCIA
     bridges.  A true PCMCIA bridge (such as those sold by Lucent) will attach
     as a real PCMCIA controller.  The wireless card will then attach to the
     PCMCIA bus.  Wireless cards in PCMCIA slots may be inserted and ejected
     on the fly.

     A dumb bridge, on the other hand, does not show up as a true PCMCIA bus.
     The wireless card will simply appear to the host as a normal PCI device
     and will not require any PCMCIA support.  Cards in this type of adapter
     should only be removed when the machine is powered down.

     The following cards are among those supported by the wi driver:

     Card				   Chip		 Bus
     3Com AirConnect 3CRWE777A		   Prism-II	 PCI
     Accton airDirect WN3301				 PCMCIA
     ACTIONTEC HWC01170			   Prism-2.5	 PCMCIA
     Adaptech ANW-8030			   Prism-3	 PCMCIA
     Addtron AWP-100			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Adtec Adlink/340C			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Airvast WN 100			   Prism-3	 PCMCIA
     Airway 802.11 Adapter				 PCMCIA
     Agere Orinoco			   Hermes	 PCMCIA
     Allied Telesis WR211PCM		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     ArTem OnAir			   Prism?	 PCMCIA
     Asus WL100				   Prism-2.5	 PCMCIA
     Avaya Wireless			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Bay eMobility 11B			   Prism-2.5?	 PCMCIA
     Blue Concentric Circle WL-379F	   Prism-II	 CF
     BreezeNet Wireless			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Buffalo WLI-PCM-S11		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Buffalo WLI-PCM-L11G		   Hermes	 PCMCIA
     Buffalo WLI-CF-S11G		   Prism-II	 CF
     Buffalo WLI2-CF-S11G		   Prism 2.5	 CF
     Cabletron RoamAbout		   Hermes	 PCMCIA
     Compaq Agency NC5004		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Compaq WL100			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Compaq WL110			   Hermes	 PCMCIA
     Compaq WL200			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Contec FLEXLAN/FX-DS110-PCC	   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Corega PCC-11			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Corega PCCA-11			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Corega PCCB-11			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Corega CGWLPCIA11			   Prism-II	 PCI
     Dell TrueMobile 1150		   Hermes	 PCMCIA
     Dlink Air 660			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Dlink DWL520			   Prism-2.5	 PCI
     Dlink DWL650			   Prism-2.5	 PCMCIA
     ELECOM Air@Hawk/LD-WL11/PCC			 PCMCIA
     ELSA MC-11						 PCMCIA
     ELSA XI300				   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     ELSA XI325				   Prism-2.5	 PCMCIA
     ELSA APDL325			   Prism-2.5	 PCMCIA
     ELSA XI330				   Prism-3	 PCMCIA
     ELSA XI800				   Prism-II	 CF
     EMTAC A2424i			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Farallon Skyline			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Gemtek WL-311			   Prism-2.5	 PCMCIA
     Hawking Technology WE110P		   Prism-2.5	 PCMCIA
     Home Wireless Networks		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     IBM High Rate Wireless		   Hermes	 PCMCIA
     ICOM SL-1100			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     I-O DATA WN-B11/PCM		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Intersil Prism II			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Intersil Mini-PCI			   Prism-2.5	 PCI
     Intersil ISL37100P			   Prism-3	 PCMCIA
     Intersil ISL37110P			   Prism-3	 PCMCIA
     Intersil ISL37300P			   Prism-3	 PCMCIA
     Laneed Wireless					 PCMCIA
     Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11	   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 2.5	   Prism-2.5	 PCMCIA
     Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 3.0	   Prism-3	 PCMCIA
     Linksys WCF11			   Prism-3	 PCMCIA
     Linksys WCF12			   Prism-3	 CF
     Lucent WaveLAN			   Hermes	 PCMCIA
     Melco Airconnect			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Microsoft MN-520 WLAN		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     NANOSPEED ROOT-RZ2000		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     NCR WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11				 PCMCIA
     NDC/Sohoware NCP130		   Prism-II	 PCI
     NEC CMZ-RT-WP			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     NEC PK-WL001			   Lucent	 PCMCIA
     NEC PC-WL/11C			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Netgear MA311			   Prism-2.5	 PCI
     Netgear MA401			   Prism-II/2.5	 PCMCIA
     Netgear MA401RA			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Netgear MA701			   Prism-II	 CF
     NOKIA C020 WLAN			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     NOKIA C110 WLAN			   Prism-2.5	 PCMCIA
     NTT-ME 11Mbps Wireless LAN		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Planex GeoWave/GW-NS110		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Planex GW-NS11H			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Proxim Harmony			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Proxim RangeLAN-DS			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Samsung MagicLAN SWL-2000N		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     SENAO SL-2511CD			   Prism-3	 PCMCIA
     Siemens SpeedStream SS1021		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Siemens SpeedStream SS1021		   Prism-3	 PCMCIA
     SMC 2532W-B			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     SMC 2602 EZ Connect (3.3V)		   Prism-II	 PCI or PCMCIA
     SMC 2632 EZ Connect		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Socket Low Power WLAN-CF		   Prism-II	 CF
     Sony PCWA-C100			   Lucent	 PCMCIA
     Sony PEGA-WL110			   Prism-2.5	 PCMCIA
     TDK LAK-CD011WL			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     Toshiba Wireless LAN Card		   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     U.S. Robotics Wireless Card 2410	   Prism-II	 PCMCIA
     YIS YWL-11B			   Prism-II	 PCMCIA

     Several vendors sell PCI adapters built around the PLX Technology 9050 or
     9052 chip.	 The following such adapters are supported or expected to
     work:

     3Com AirConnect 3CRWE777A (3.3V)
     Belkin F5D6000 (a rebadged WL11000P)
     Eumitcom WL11000P
     Global Sun Technology GL24110P (untested)
     Global Sun Technology GL24110P02
     LinkSys WDT11 (a rebadged GL24110P02)
     Netgear MA301
     US Robotics 2415 (rebadged WL11000P)
     Wisecom Wireless LAN PCI Adapter

     The following adapters have the same model numbers as those listed above,
     but might not work if the actual card is after the change away from the
     Prism family:

     DLink DWL520

EXAMPLES
     Join an existing BSS network (ie: connect to an access point):

	   ifconfig wlan create wlandev wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 \
	       netmask 0xffffff00

     Join a specific BSS network with network name “my_net”:

	   ifconfig wlan create wlandev wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 \
	       netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net

     Join a specific BSS network with WEP encryption:

	   ifconfig wlan create wlandev wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 \
	       netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \
	       wepmode on wepkey 0x8736639624 weptxkey 1

     Join a Lucent legacy demo ad-hoc network with network name “my_net”:

	   ifconfig wlan create wlandev wi0 wlanmode ahdemo \
	       inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net

     Join/create an IBSS network with network name “my_net”:

	   ifconfig wlan create wlandev wi0 wlanmode adhoc wi0 \
	       inet 192.168.0.22 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net

     Create a host-based access point (Prism only):

	   ifconfig wlan create wlandev wi0 wlanmode hostap \
	       inet 192.168.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_ap

     Create a host-based access point with WEP enabled (Prism only) and plumb
     it into bridge to fxp0:

	   ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev wi0 wlanmode hostap \
	       inet 192.168.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_ap \
	       wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 weptxkey 1
	   ifconfig bridge0 create
	   ifconfig bridge0 addm wlan0 addm fxp0 up

     This will give you the same functionality as an access point.

DIAGNOSTICS
     wi%d: init failed	The WaveLAN card failed to become ready after an ini‐
     tialization command was issued.

     wi%d: failed to allocate %d bytes on NIC  The driver was unable to allo‐
     cate memory for transmit frames in the NIC's on-board RAM.	 This can also
     be an indication of an incorrectly configured interrupt.

     wi%d: device timeout  The WaveLAN card failed to generate an interrupt to
     acknowledge a transmit command.

SEE ALSO
     intro(4), pccard(4), pccbb(4), pcic(4), wlan(4), wlan_ccmp(4),
     wlan_tkip(4), wlan_wep(4), wlan_xauth(4), hostapd(8), ifconfig(8),
     wpa_supplicant(8).

     HCF Light programming specification, http://www.wavelan.com.

HISTORY
     The wi device driver first appeared in FreeBSD 3.0.

AUTHORS
     The original wi driver was written by Bill Paul ⟨wpaul@ctr.columbia.edu⟩.
     This man page comes from OpenBSD.

CAVEATS
     The driver will reject devices with old firmware to avoid dealing with
     numerous defects.	Unfortunately the driver does not support downloading
     new firmware to the card so if new firmware is needed users will have to
     boot a different system to accomplish this.

     Intersil Prism cards must have firmware versions 0.8.0 or later and ver‐
     sion 1.7.0 or later are required to support functionality such as WPA.
     Some users of Prism-II and 2.5 based cards report that station firmware
     version 1.3.4 works better for them in hostap than 1.4.9.	Older versions
     of the Prism station firmware have a number of issues with hostap mode.
     The IBSS/adhoc mode appears to work well on station firmware 1.3.1 and
     later.  The IBSS/adhoc mode appears to have problems for some people with
     older versions of station firmware.

     Lucent cards prior to firmware version 6.0.6 do not implement IBSS mode
     and are not supported.

     Prior versions of wi supported Symbol firmware.  That support has been
     removed due to persistent problems with this firmware as well as getting
     proper documentation on this firmware.

     Hermes 2 and Hermes 3 chips are not supported by this driver.

     Here's the above requirements in the form of a table

     Firmware	    Minimum    WPA	  Host AP    Adhoc/IBSS
     Prism II/2.5   0.8.0      1.7.0	  1.3.4	     1.3.1
     Prism 3	    0.8.0      1.7.0	  1.4.9	     1.3.1
     Hermes	    6.0.6      none	  none	     6.0.6
     Symbol	    none       none	  none	     none

BUGS
     Not all the new messages are documented here, and many of them are indi‐
     cations of transient errors that are not indications of serious problems.

     WL200 PCI wireless cards are based on a Cirrus Logic CL-PD6729 bridge
     chips glued to an Intersil Prism-II PCMCIA chipset w/o the PC Card form
     factor being present.  These chips are special and require special care
     to use properly.  One must set hw.pcic.pd6729_intr_path="2" in
     /boot/loader.conf.	 This tells the PC Card system to use PCI interrupts
     for this odd beast.  It is not possible to know automatically which kind
     of interrupts to use.  OLDCARD devices support this device.  NEWCARD
     devices (pccbb(4) and pccard(4)) do not support it at this time.

BSD				August 2, 2008				   BSD
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