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ID(1P)			   POSIX Programmer's Manual			ID(1P)

PROLOG
       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the	 corresponding
       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.

NAME
       id — return user identity

SYNOPSIS
       id [user]

       id −G [−n] [user]

       id −g [−nr] [user]

       id −u [−nr] [user]

DESCRIPTION
       If no user operand is provided, the id utility shall write the user and
       group  IDs  and	the corresponding user and group names of the invoking
       process to standard output. If the effective and real IDs do not match,
       both shall be written. If multiple groups are supported by the underly‐
       ing system (see the description of {NGROUPS_MAX} in the	System	Inter‐
       faces  volume of POSIX.1‐2008), the supplementary group affiliations of
       the invoking process shall also be written.

       If a user operand is provided and the process  has  appropriate	privi‐
       leges, the user and group IDs of the selected user shall be written. In
       this case, effective IDs shall be assumed to be identical to real  IDs.
       If  the	selected  user	has  more  than one allowable group membership
       listed in the group database, these shall be written in the same manner
       as the supplementary groups described in the preceding paragraph.

OPTIONS
       The  id	utility	 shall	conform	 to  the  Base	Definitions  volume of
       POSIX.1‐2008, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.

       The following options shall be supported:

       −G	 Output all different group IDs (effective, real, and  supple‐
		 mentary)  only,  using	 the  format "%u\n".  If there is more
		 than one distinct group affiliation, output each such affili‐
		 ation,	 using	the format " %u", before the <newline> is out‐
		 put.

       −g	 Output only the effective group ID, using the format "%u\n".

       −n	 Output the name in the format "%s" instead of the numeric  ID
		 using the format "%u".

       −r	 Output the real ID instead of the effective ID.

       −u	 Output only the effective user ID, using the format "%u\n".

OPERANDS
       The following operand shall be supported:

       user	 The login name for which information is to be written.

STDIN
       Not used.

INPUT FILES
       None.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       The following environment variables shall affect the execution of id:

       LANG	 Provide  a  default  value for the internationalization vari‐
		 ables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions  vol‐
		 ume  of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 8.2, Internationalization Vari‐
		 ables for the precedence  of  internationalization  variables
		 used to determine the values of locale categories.)

       LC_ALL	 If  set  to  a non-empty string value, override the values of
		 all the other internationalization variables.

       LC_CTYPE	 Determine the locale for the interpretation of	 sequences  of
		 bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
		 opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).

       LC_MESSAGES
		 Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format
		 and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error
		 and informative messages written to standard output.

       NLSPATH	 Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing
		 of LC_MESSAGES.

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
       Default.

STDOUT
       The  following  formats shall be used when the LC_MESSAGES locale cate‐
       gory specifies the POSIX locale. In other  locales,  the	 strings  uid,
       gid,  euid,  egid,  and	groups	may  be replaced with more appropriate
       strings corresponding to the locale.

	   "uid=%u(%s) gid=%u(%s)\n", <real user ID>, <user-name>,
	       <real group ID>, <group-name>

       If the effective and real user IDs do not match, the following shall be
       inserted immediately before the '\n' character in the previous format:

	   " euid=%u(%s)"

       with the following arguments added at the end of the argument list:

	   <effective user ID>, <effective user-name>

       If  the	effective and real group IDs do not match, the following shall
       be inserted directly before the '\n' character  in  the	format	string
       (and  after any addition resulting from the effective and real user IDs
       not matching):

	   " egid=%u(%s)"

       with the following arguments added at the end of the argument list:

	   <effective group-ID>, <effective group name>

       If the process has supplementary group  affiliations  or	 the  selected
       user  is allowed to belong to multiple groups, the first shall be added
       directly before the <newline> in the format string:

	   " groups=%u(%s)"

       with the following arguments added at the end of the argument list:

	   <supplementary group ID>, <supplementary group name>

       and the necessary number of the following  added	 after	that  for  any
       remaining supplementary group IDs:

	   ",%u(%s)"

       and the necessary number of the following arguments added at the end of
       the argument list:

	   <supplementary group ID>, <supplementary group name>

       If any of the user ID, group ID, effective user ID, effective group ID,
       or supplementary/multiple group IDs cannot be mapped by the system into
       printable user or group names, the corresponding "(%s)" and name	 argu‐
       ment shall be omitted from the corresponding format string.

       When  any  of  the options are specified, the output format shall be as
       described in the OPTIONS section.

STDERR
       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OUTPUT FILES
       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
       None.

EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values shall be returned:

	0    Successful completion.

       >0    An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
       Default.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE
       Output produced by the −G option and by the default case	 could	poten‐
       tially produce very long lines on systems that support large numbers of
       supplementary groups.  (On systems with user and	 group	IDs  that  are
       32-bit  integers	 and  with  group  names with a maximum of 8 bytes per
       name, 93 supplementary groups plus distinct effective  and  real	 group
       and user IDs could theoretically overflow the 2048-byte {LINE_MAX} text
       file line limit on the default output case. It  would  take  about  186
       supplementary  groups  to  overflow the 2048-byte barrier using id −G).
       This is not expected to be a problem in practice, but in cases where it
       is  a  concern, applications should consider using fold −s before post-
       processing the output of id.

EXAMPLES
       None.

RATIONALE
       The functionality provided by the 4 BSD groups utility can be simulated
       using:

	   id −Gn [ user ]

       The  4  BSD  command  groups  was  considered,  but it was not included
       because it did not provide the functionality of the id utility  of  the
       SVID. Also, it was thought that it would be easier to modify id to pro‐
       vide the additional functionality necessary to  systems	with  multiple
       groups than to invent another command.

       The  options  −u,  −g, −n, and −r were added to ease the use of id with
       shell commands substitution. Without these options it is	 necessary  to
       use some preprocessor such as sed to select the desired piece of infor‐
       mation. Since output such as that produced by:

	   id −u −n

       is frequently wanted, it seemed desirable to add the options.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       fold, logname, who

       The Base Definitions volume of  POSIX.1‐2008,  Chapter  8,  Environment
       Variables, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines

       The  System  Interfaces	volume of POSIX.1‐2008, getgid(), getgroups(),
       getuid()

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in  electronic  form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),	The  Open  Group  Base
       Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of Electri‐
       cal and Electronics Engineers,  Inc  and	 The  Open  Group.   (This  is
       POSIX.1-2008  with  the	2013  Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The  Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
       is the referee document. The original Standard can be  obtained	online
       at http://www.unix.org/online.html .

       Any  typographical  or  formatting  errors that appear in this page are
       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
       files  to  man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.ker‐
       nel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2013				ID(1P)
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