HTPASSWD2(1)htpasswd2HTPASSWD2(1)NAMEhtpasswd2 - Manage user files for basic authentication
SYNOPSIShtpasswd2 [ -c ] [ -m ] [ -D ] passwdfile username
htpasswd2-b [ -c ] [ -m | -d | -p | -s ] [ -D ] passwdfile username
password
htpasswd2-n [ -m | -d | -s | -p ] username
htpasswd2-nb [ -m | -d | -s | -p ] username password
SUMMARYhtpasswd2 is used to create and update the flat-files used to store
usernames and password for basic authentication of HTTP users. If
htpasswd2 cannot access a file, such as not being able to write to the
output file or not being able to read the file in order to update it,
it returns an error status and makes no changes.
Resources available from the Apache HTTP server can be restricted to
just the users listed in the files created by htpasswd2. This program
can only manage usernames and passwords stored in a flat-file. It can
encrypt and display password information for use in other types of data
stores, though. To use a DBM database see dbmmanage2.
htpasswd2 encrypts passwords using either a version of MD5 modified for
Apache, or the system's crypt() routine. Files managed by htpasswd2 may
contain both types of passwords; some user records may have
MD5-encrypted passwords while others in the same file may have pass-
words encrypted with crypt().
This manual page only lists the command line arguments. For details of
the directives necessary to configure user authentication in httpd2 see
the Apache manual, which is part of the Apache distribution or can be
found at http://httpd.apache.org/.
OPTIONS-b Use batch mode; i.e., get the password from the command line
rather than prompting for it. This option should be used with
extreme care, since the password is clearly visible on the com-
mand line.
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HTPASSWD2(1)htpasswd2HTPASSWD2(1)-c Create the passwdfile. If passwdfile already exists, it is
rewritten and truncated. This option cannot be combined with the
-n option.
-n Display the results on standard output rather than updating a
file. This is useful for generating password records acceptable
to Apache for inclusion in non-text data stores. This option
changes the syntax of the command line, since the passwdfile
argument (usually the first one) is omitted. It cannot be com-
bined with the -c option.
-m Use MD5 encryption for passwords. On Windows, Netware and TPF,
this is the default.
-d Use crypt() encryption for passwords. The default on all plat-
forms but Windows, Netware and TPF. Though possibly supported by
htpasswd2 on all platforms, it is not supported by the httpd2
server on Windows, Netware and TPF.
-s Use SHA encryption for passwords. Facilitates migration from/to
Netscape servers using the LDAP Directory Interchange Format
(ldif).
-p Use plaintext passwords. Though htpasswd2 will support creation
on all platforms, the httpd2 daemon will only accept plain text
passwords on Windows, Netware and TPF.
-D Delete user. If the username exists in the specified htpasswd2
file, it will be deleted.
passwdfile
Name of the file to contain the user name and password. If -c is
given, this file is created if it does not already exist, or
rewritten and truncated if it does exist.
username
The username to create or update in passwdfile. If username does
not exist in this file, an entry is added. If it does exist, the
password is changed.
password
The plaintext password to be encrypted and stored in the file.
Only used with the -b flag.
EXIT STATUShtpasswd2 returns a zero status ("true") if the username and password
have been successfully added or updated in the passwdfile. htpasswd2
returns 1 if it encounters some problem accessing files, 2 if there was
a syntax problem with the command line, 3 if the password was entered
interactively and the verification entry didn't match, 4 if its opera-
tion was interrupted, 5 if a value is too long (username, filename,
password, or final computed record), 6 if the username contains illegal
characters (see the Restrictions section), and 7 if the file is not a
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valid password file.
EXAMPLEShtpasswd2 /usr/local/etc/apache/.htpasswd2-users jsmith
Adds or modifies the password for user jsmith. The user is prompted for
the password. If executed on a Windows system, the password will be
encrypted using the modified Apache MD5 algorithm; otherwise, the sys-
tem's crypt() routine will be used. If the file does not exist,
htpasswd2 will do nothing except return an error.
htpasswd2-c /home/doe/public_html/.htpasswd2 jane
Creates a new file and stores a record in it for user jane. The user is
prompted for the password. If the file exists and cannot be read, or
cannot be written, it is not altered and htpasswd2 will display a mes-
sage and return an error status.
htpasswd2-mb /usr/web/.htpasswd2-all jones Pwd4Steve
Encrypts the password from the command line (Pwd4Steve) using the MD5
algorithm, and stores it in the specified file.
SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
Web password files such as those managed by htpasswd2 should not be
within the Web server's URI space -- that is, they should not be fetch-
able with a browser.
This program is not safe as a setuid executable. Do not make it setuid.
The use of the -b option is discouraged, since when it is used the
unencrypted password appears on the command line.
When using the crypt() algorithm, note that only the first 8 characters
of the password are used to form the password. If the supplied password
is longer, the extra characters will be silently discarded.
The SHA encryption format does not use salting: for a given password,
there is only one encrypted representation. The crypt() and MD5 formats
permute the representation by prepending a random salt string, to make
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dictionary attacks against the passwords more difficult.
RESTRICTIONS
On the Windows and MPE platforms, passwords encrypted with htpasswd2
are limited to no more than 255 characters in length. Longer passwords
will be truncated to 255 characters.
The MD5 algorithm used by htpasswd2 is specific to the Apache software;
passwords encrypted using it will not be usable with other Web servers.
Usernames are limited to 255 bytes and may not include the character :.
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