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PAX(1)									PAX(1)

NAME
       pax - portable archive interchange

SYNOPSIS
       pax  [ -r ] [ -v ] [ -f archive ] [ -s /old/new/[glpsu] ] [ -z base ] [
       pattern ...  ]

       pax -w [ -a ] [ -v ] [ -f archive ] [ -s /old/new/[glpsu] ] [ -x format
       ] [ -z base ] [ pathname ...  ]

       pax -rw [ -v ] [ -s /old/new/[glpsu] ] [ pathname ...  ] directory

DESCRIPTION
       pax  reads and writes archive files in various formats.	There are four
       operation modes controlled by combinations of the -r and -w options.

       pax -w writes the files and directories named by the pathname arguments
       to  the	standard output together with pathname and status information.
       A directory pathname argument refers to	the  files  and	 (recursively)
       subdirectories  of  that directory.  If no pathname arguments are given
       then the standard input is read to get a list of pathnames to copy, one
       pathname	 per line.  In this case only those pathnames appearing on the
       standard input are copied.

       pax -r reads files from the standard input that is assumed  to  be  the
       result  of a previous pax -w command.  Only files with names that match
       any of the pattern arguments are selected.  A pattern is given  in  the
       name-generating	notation of sh(1), except that the / character is also
       matched.	 The default if no pattern is given is *,  which  selects  all
       files.	The  selected files are conditionally created and copied rela-
       tive to the current directory tree, subject to  the  options  described
       below.	By  default the owner and group of selected files will be that
       of the current user, and the permissions and modify times will  be  the
       same as those in the archive.  If the -r option is omitted then a table
       of contents of the selected files is listed on the standard output.

       pax -rw reads the files and directories named in the pathname arguments
       and  copies  them  to  the destination directory.  A directory pathname
       argument refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories  of  that
       directory.   If no pathname arguments are given then the standard input
       is read to get a list of pathnames to copy, one pathname per line.   In
       this  case  only	 those	pathnames  appearing on the standard input are
       copied.	directory must exist before the copy.

       The standard archive formats are automatically detected on input.   The
       default	output	archive	 format	 is implementation defined, but may be
       overridden by the -x option described below.  pax archives may be  con-
       catenated  to  combine multiple volumes on a single tape or file.  This
       is accomplished by forcing any format prescribed pad data  to  be  null
       bytes.	Hard  links  are not maintained between volumes, and delta and
       base archives cannot be multi-volume.

       A single archive may span many files/devices.  The  second  and	subse-
       quent  file names are prompted for on the terminal input.  The response
       may be:

       !command
	      Execute command via system(3) and prompt again for file name.

       EOF    Exit without further processing.

       CR     An empty input line retains the previous file name.

       pathname
	      The file name for the next archive part.

   Basic Options
       a      For -w, append files to the end of the archive.

       f archive
	      archive is the pathname of the input or output archive, overrid-
	      ing the default standard input for -r and -rw or standard output
	      for -w.

       s /old/new/[glpu]
	      File names and symbolic link text are mapped  according  to  the
	      ed(1) style substitution expression.  Any non-null character may
	      be used as a delimiter (/ shown here).  Multiple -s  expressions
	      may  be  specified;  the	expressions  are  applied from left to
	      right.  A trailing l converts the matched string to lower	 case.
	      A	 trailing  p  causes  successful  mappings to be listed on the
	      standard error.  A trailing s stops  the	substitutions  on  the
	      current name if the substitution changes the name.  A trailing u
	      converts the matched string to upper case.  File names that sub-
	      stitute to the null string are ignored on both input and output.
	      The -o physical option inhibits symbolic link text substitution.

       v      Produces	a  verbose  table  of contents listing on the standard
	      output when both -r and -w  are  omitted.	  Otherwise  the  file
	      names  are listed on the standard error as they are encountered.

       x format
	      Specifies the output archive format.  If specified with -rw then
	      the standard input is treated as an archive that is converted to
	      a format archive on the  standard	 output.   The	input  format,
	      which must be one of the following, is automatically determined.
	      The default output format, named by -, is currently  cpio.   The
	      formats are:
	      ansi   ANSI standard label tape format.  Only regular files with
		     simple pathnames are archived.  Valid  only  for  blocked
		     devices.
	      asc    The s5r4 extended cpio(5) character format.
	      aschk  The  s5r4	extended  cpio(5) character format with header
		     checksum.	This format is misnamed crc in the s5r4	 docu-
		     mentation.
	      binary The cpio(5) binary format with symbolic links.  This for-
		     mat is obsolete and should not be used on output.
	      cpio   The cpio(5) character format with symbolic	 links.	  This
		     is the default output format.
	      ibmar  EBCDIC  standard  label  tape format.  Only regular files
		     with simple pathnames are archived.  Valid only for  tape
		     devices.
	      posix  The  IEEE 1003.1b-1990 interchange format, partially com-
		     patible with the X3.27 standard labeled tape format.
	      portarch
		     The s5r2 portable object library format.  Valid  only  on
		     input.
	      randarch
		     The  BSD  ranlib  object  library	format.	 Valid only on
		     input.
	      tar    The tar(5) format with symbolic links.
	      ustar  The POSIX IEEE Std 1003.1-1988 tar format.
	      vdb    The virtual database format used by cia(1) and cql(1).
	      vmsbackup
		     ANSI standard label VMS backup savset tape format.	 Valid
		     only for input tape devices.
	      zip    The  PKZIP	 format.   The	gunzip(1)  command  is used to
		     uncompress each archive member.  Valid only on input.
	      format Formats can be defined as extensions to the builtin  for-
		     mats.  For any non-builtin format format, can be

   Extended Options
       All options have long string names specified using -o [no]name[=value];

       append (-a) For -w, append files to the end of the archive.

       atime  Preserve the access time of all files.

       base=path
	      (-z) b blocking Set the output blocking size.  If no suffix  (or
	      a	 c suffix) is specified then blocking is in 1 character units.
	      A b suffix multiplies blocking by 512 (1 block), a k suffix mul-
	      tiplies blocking by 1024 (1 kilobyte) and an m suffix multiplies
	      blocking by 1048576 (1  megabyte).   blocking  is	 automatically
	      determined  on input and is ignored for -rw.  The default block-
	      ing is 10k for block and character  special  archive  files  and
	      implementation defined otherwise.	 The minimum blocking is 1c.

       exact  (-n)  For	 -r the pattern arguments are treated as ordinary file
	      names.  Only the first occurrence of each of these files in  the
	      input  archive  is  read.	 pax exits with zero exit status after
	      all files in the list have been read.  If one or more  files  in
	      the  list	 is  not found, pax writes a message to standard error
	      for each of these files and exits with a non-zero	 exit  status.
	      The  file names are compared before any pathname transformations
	      are applied.

       m      File modification times are not retained.

       o      Restore file ownership as specified in the archive.  The current
	      user must have appropriate privileges.

   Compatibility Options
       These options provide functional compatibility with the old cpio(1) and
       tar(1) commands.

       c      Complement the match sense of the pattern arguments.

       d      Intermediate directories not explicitly listed  in  the  archive
	      are not created.

       i      Interactively rename files.  A file is skipped if a null line is
	      entered and pax exits if EOF is encountered.

       l      For -r, existing links are preserved when	 possible.   For  -rw,
	      files are linked rather than copied when possible.

       p      Preserve	the  access  times of input files after they have been
	      copied.

       t device
	      device is an identifier that names the input or  output  archive
	      device, overriding the default standard input for -r or standard
	      output for -w.  Tape devices  may	 be  specified	as  drive[den-
	      sityrewind]  where  drive	 is a drive number in the range [0-7],
	      density is one of l, m and h for low (800 bpi), medium (1600 bpi
	      - default) and high (6250 bpi) tape densities and rewind is n to
	      inhibit rewinding of the tape device when it is  closed.	 Other
	      forms for device are implementation defined.

       u      Copy each file only if it is newer than a pre-existing file with
	      the same name.  This option implies -a.

       y      Interactively prompt for the disposition of each file.   EOF  or
	      an  input line starting with q causes pax to exit.  Otherwise an
	      input line starting with anything other than y causes  the  file
	      to be ignored.

   Extended Options
       These  options  provide	fine  archive control, including delta archive
       operations.

       e filter
	      Run the filter command on each file to be output.	  The  current
	      name  of the file to be output is appended to the filter command
	      string before the command is executed by the shell.

       h      Inhibit archive heading and  summmary  information  messages  to
	      stderr.

       k      For  -r  continue	 processing  the archive after encountering an
	      error by attempting to locate the next  valid  entry.   This  is
	      useful for archives stored on unreliable media.

       z base Specifies	 the delta base archive base that is assumed to be the
	      result of a previous pax -w command.  For -w the input files are
	      compared	with  the  files in base and file delta information is
	      placed in the output archive using the delta algorithm.  For  -r
	      the delta information in the input archive is used to update the
	      output files with respect to the files in	 base.	 For  -rw  the
	      delta  information  in the archive on the standard input is used
	      to generate an archive on the standard output whose entries  are
	      updated  with  respect to the files in base.  If base is - or an
	      empty file then the input files are  simply  compressed.	 -z  -
	      must  also be specified to produce a compressed archive for -rw.

       B count
	      Sets the maximum	archive	 part  output  character  count.   pax
	      prompts  for  the	 next archive part file name.  Valid only with
	      -w.

       C      Archive entries smaller than -B maxout must be contained	within
	      a single part.  Valid only with -B.

       L      Copy a logical view of the input files.  Symbolic links are fol-
	      lowed, causing the pointed to files to be copied rather than the
	      symbolic link information.  This is the default.

       M message
	      Set  the	end of medium prompt to message.  This message is used
	      to prompt interactively for the next tape reel or	 cartridge  in
	      cases where the tape runs out before all files have been copied.
	      message may contain one printf(3) style integer format  specifi-
	      cation that is replaced with the next part number.

       P      Copy  a  physical view of the input files.  Causes symbolic link
	      information to be copied as  opposed  to	the  default  (logical
	      view) action of following symbolic links and copying the pointed
	      to files.

       R option[value][,option[value]...]
	      Set record oriented format options.   Multiple  options  may  be
	      concatenated  using  ,.  Some options may be fixed for some for-
	      mats.  The options are:
	      c	     Record data is subject to character set conversions.
	      fformat
		     Set the output record format to  format.	The  supported
		     record formats are:
		     D	    Variable  length  with  4 byte record header.  The
			    record size default is 512.
		     F	    Fixed length with no record	 header.   The	record
			    size default is 128.
		     S	    Spanned variable length with 4 byte record header.
			    The record size default is 0 (no limit).
		     U	    Variable length with no record header.  The output
			    block size matches the size of each output record.
			    The record size default is 512.
		     V	    Spanned variable length with binary 4 byte	record
			    header.   The record size default is 0 (no limit).
			    The D format is preferred.

	      mpattern
		     Only those files with input record format	matching  pat-
		     tern are processed.

	      p	     Partial output blocks are padded to the full blocksize.

	      ssize  Set  the  output record size to size.  size should divide
		     the output blocking.

	      vlabel Set the output volume label to label.  Some  formats  may
		     truncate and/or case-convert label.

       S      Similar to -l except that symbolic links are created.

       U id   Set  file	 ownership to the default of the user named id.	 Valid
	      only for the super-user.

       V      Output a `.' as each file is encountered.	 This overrides the -v
	      option.

       X      Do not cross mount points when searching for files to output.

DIAGNOSTICS
       The  number  of files, blocks, and optionally the number of volumes and
       media parts are listed on the standard error.  For -v the input archive
       formats are also listed on the standard error.

EXAMPLES
       pax -w -t 1m .
	      Copies  the  contents  of the current directory to tape drive 1,
	      medium density.

       mkdir  newdir
       cd  olddir
       pax  -rw	 .  newdir
	      Copies the olddir directory hierarchy to newdir.

SEE ALSO
       ar(1), cpio(1), find(1), gunzip(1), gzip(1), ksh(1), tar(1), tw(1) lib-
       delta(3), cpio(5), tar(5)

BUGS
       Special privileges may be required to copy special files.
       Each archive format has a hard upper limit on member pathname sizes.
       Device, user-id and group-id numbers larger than 65535 cause additional
       header records to be output.  These records are ignored by old versions
       of cpio(1) and tar(1).

									PAX(1)
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