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GROFF_HDTBL(7)							GROFF_HDTBL(7)

NAME
       groff_hdtbl - groff `hdtbl' macros for generation of tables

DESCRIPTION
       The  hdtbl  macros consist of four base and three optional macros, con‐
       trolled by about twenty arguments.  The syntax is simple and similar to
       the HTML table model and nearly as flexible: You can write sequences of
       tokens (macro calls with their arguments and content  data),  separated
       by  blanks  and	beginning with a macro call, into the same line to get
       compact and cleanly arrranged input.  An advantage of hdtbl is that the
       tables  are constructed without calling a preprocessor; this means that
       groff's full macro capabilities are available.  On the other hand,  ta‐
       ble  processing	with  hdtbl  is much slower than using the tbl(1) pre‐
       processor.  A further advantage is that the HTML-like syntax  of	 hdtbl
       will be easily converted to HTML; this is not implemented yet.

USAGE
       In  this and the next section, we present examples to help users under‐
       stand the basic workflow of hdtbl.  First of all,  you  must  load  the
       hdtbl.tmac  file.  As with nearly all other groff macro packages, there
       are two possibilities to do so: Either add the line

	      .mso hdtbl.tmac

       to your roff file before using any macros of the hdtbl package, or  add
       the option

	      -m hdtbl

       to  the	command line of groff (before the document file which contains
       hdtbl macros).  Then you can include on or more tables  in  your	 docu‐
       ment,  where  each one must be started and ended with the .TBL and .ETB
       macros, respectively.

       In this man page, we approximate the result of each example in the  tty
       format to be as generic as possible since hdtbl currently only supports
       the PS and PDF output devices.

       The simplest well-formed table consists of just	single	calls  to  the
       four  base  table macros in the right order.  Here we construct a table
       with only one cell.

	      .TBL
	      .TR
	      .TD
	      contents of the table cell
	      .ETB

       A tty representation is

	      +------------------------------------------------------+
	      | contents-of-the-table-cell			     |
	      +------------------------------------------------------+

       Equivalent to the above is the following notation.

	      .TBL .TR .TD "contents of the table cell" .ETB

       By default, the formatted table is inserted into the  surrounding  text
       at  the	place  of  its definition.  If the vertical space isn't suffi‐
       cient, it is placed at the top of the next page.	 Tables	 can  also  be
       stored for later insertion.

       Using ‘row-number*column-number’ as the data for the table cells, a ta‐
       ble with two rows and two columns can be written as

	      .TBL cols=2
	      .	 TR .TD 1*1 .TD 1*2
	      .	 TR .TD 2*1 .TD 2*2
	      .ETB

       A tty representation is

	      +--------------------------+---------------------------+
	      | 1*1			 | 1*2			     |
	      +--------------------------+---------------------------+
	      | 2*1			 | 2*2			     |
	      +--------------------------+---------------------------+

       Here we see a difference to HTML tables: The number of columns must  be
       explicitly specified using the ‘cols=m’ argument (or indirectly via the
       ‘width’ argument, see below).

       The contents of a table cell is arbitrary; for example, it can  be  an‐
       other  table,  without restriction to the nesting depth.	 A given table
       layout can be either constructed with suitably nested  tables  or  with
       proper  arguments  to .TD and .TH, controlling column and row spanning.
       Note, however, that this table

	      .TBL
	      .	 TR
	      .	   TD
	      .	     nop 1*1 1*2
	      .	 TR
	      .	   TD
	      .	     TBL cols=2 border=
	      .	       TR
	      .		 TD
	      .		   nop 2*1
	      .		 TD
	      .		   nop 2*2
	      .	     ETB
	      .ETB

       and this table

	      .TBL cols=2
	      .	 TR
	      .	   TD colspan=2
	      .	     nop 1*1 1*2
	      .	 TR
	      .	   TD
	      .	     nop 2*1
	      .	   TD
	      .	     nop 2*2
	      .ETB

       are similar but not identical (the use of .nop is  purely  cosmetic  to
       get proper indentation).

       The first table looks like

	      +------------------------------------------------------+
	      | 1*1 1*2						     |
	      +------------------------------------------------------+
	      |							     |
	      | 2*1			    2*2			     |
	      |							     |
	      +------------------------------------------------------+

       and the second one like

	      +------------------------------------------------------+
	      | 1*1 1*2						     |
	      +---------------------------+--------------------------+
	      | 2*1			  | 2*2			     |
	      +---------------------------+--------------------------+

       Here the latter table in a more compact form.

	      .TBL cols=2 .TR ".TD colspan=2" 1*1 1*2
	      .		   TR .TD 2*1 .TD 2*2 .ETB

       If  a macro has one or more arguments (see below), and it is not start‐
       ing a line, everything belonging to this macro including the macro  it‐
       self must be enclosed in double quotes.

MACROS AND ARGUMENTS
       The  order  of macro calls and other tokens follows the HTML model.  In
       the following list, valid predecessors  and  successors	of  all	 hdtbl
       macros are given, together with the possible arguments.

       Macro arguments are separated by blanks.	 The order of arguments is ar‐
       bitrary; they are of the form

	      key=value

       or

	      key='value1 [value2 [...]]'

       with the only exception of the optional argument	 of  the  macro	 .ETB,
       which is the string ‘hold’.  Another possible form is

	      "key=value1 [value2 [...]]"

       However,	 this  is limited to the case where the macro is the first one
       in the line and not already enclosed in double quotes.

       Argument values specified below as c are colors predefined by groff  or
       colors  defined	by the user with the .defcolor request.	 Argument val‐
       ues d are decimal numbers with or without decimal point.	 Argument val‐
       ues m are natural numbers.  Argument values n are numerical values with
       the usual groff scaling indicators.  Some of the arguments are specific
       to one or two macros, but most of them can be specified with .TBL, .TR,
       .TD, and .TH.  These common arguments are explained in the next subsec‐
       tion.

       Most  of the argument default values can be changed by the user by set‐
       ting corresponding default registers or strings, as listed below.

       .TBL [args]
	      Begin a new table.

	      predecessor: .TD, .TH, .ETB, cell contents
	      successor: .CPTN, .TR
	      arguments:
		     border=[n]
			    Thickness	of   the   surrounding	 box   border.
			    ‘border=’  (no  value) means neither a surrounding
			    box border nor any horizontal or vertical  separa‐
			    tor	 lines	between	 the  table  rows  and	cells.
			    ‘border=0’ suppresses the surrounding box  border,
			    but still allows separator lines between cells and
			    rows.
			    Default: ‘border=.1n’ (register ‘t*b’).
		     bc=c   Border color.
			    Default: ‘bc=red4’ (string ‘t*bc’).
		     cols=m Number of table columns.  This argument is	neces‐
			    sary  if  more than one column is in the table and
			    no ‘width’ arguments are present.
			    Default: ‘cols=1’ (register ‘t*cols’).
		     cpd=n  Cell padding, i.e., the extra  space  between  the
			    cell space border and the cell contents.
			    Default: ‘cpd=.5n’ (register ‘t*cpd’).
		     csp=n  Cell  spacing,  i.e.,  the extra space between the
			    table border or vertical or horizontal  lines  be‐
			    tween cells and the cellspace.
			    Default: ‘csp=.5n’ (register ‘t*csp’).
		     tal=l|c|r
			    Horizontal alignment of the table, if it is small‐
			    er than the line width.  ‘tal=l’: left  alignment.
			    ‘tal=c’:   centered	  alignment.   ‘tal=r’:	 right
			    alignment.
			    Default: ‘tal=l’ (register ‘t*tal’).
		     width='w1 [w2 [...]]'
			    Widths of table cells.  w1,	 w2,  ...  are	either
			    numbers  of	 type  n  or  natural numbers with the
			    pseudo-scaling indicator  ‘%’,  with  the  meaning
			    “percent  of  the  actual  line  length (or column
			    length for inner tables, respectively)”.  If there
			    are less width values than table columns, the last
			    width value is used for the remaining cells.   The
			    argument

				   width='1.5i 10%'

			    for	 example  indicates  that  the first column is
			    1.5inches wide; the remaining columns take 1/10 of
			    the column length each.
			    Default:  The  table  width	 equals the outer line
			    length or column length; the  columns  have	 equal
			    widths.
		     height=n
			    Height  of	the table.  If the table with its con‐
			    tents is lower than n, the last row	 is  stretched
			    to this value.

       .CPTN [args]
	      Text of caption.

	      The (optionally numbered) table caption.	.CPTN is optional.

	      predecessor: .TBL
	      successor: .TR
	      arguments:
		     val=t|b
			    Vertical alignment of the table caption.  ‘val=t’:
			    The caption is placed above the  table.   ‘val=b’:
			    The caption is placed below the table.
			    Default: ‘val=t’ (string ‘t*cptn’).

       .TR [args]
	      Begin a new table row.

	      predecessor: .TBL, .CPTN, .TD, .TH, .ETB, cell contents
	      successor: .TD, .TH
	      arguments:
		     height=n
			    The	 height	 of  the row.  If a cell in the row is
			    higher than n this value is ignored; otherwise the
			    row height is stretched to n.

       .TD [args [cell contents]]
	      Begin a table data cell.
       .TH [args [cell contents]]
	      Begin a table header cell.

	      Arguments	 and cell contents can be mixed.  The macro .TH is not
	      really necessary and differs from .TD only in three default set‐
	      tings,  similar  to the <TH> and <TD> HTML tags: The contents of
	      .TH is horizontally and vertically centered and typeset in bold‐
	      face.

	      predecessor: .TR, .TD, .TH, .ETB, cell contents
	      successor: .TD, .TH, .TR, .ETB, cell contents
	      arguments:
		     colspan=m
			    The width of this cell is the sum of the widths of
			    the m cells above and below this row.
		     rowspan=m
			    The height of this cell is the sum of the  heights
			    of the m cells left and right of this column.

			    Remark: Overlapping of column and row spanning, as
			    in the following table fragment  (the  overlapping
			    happens  in the second cell in the second row), is
			    invalid and causes incorrect results.

				   .TR .TD 1*1 ".TD 1*2 rowspan=2" .TD 1*3
				   .TR ".TD 2*1 colspan=2"	   .TD 2*3

		     A working example for headers and cells with colspan is

			    .TBL cols=3
			    .  TR ".TH colspan=2" header1+2 .TH header3
			    .  TR .TD 1*1 .TD 1*2 .TD 1*3
			    .  TR .TD 2*1 ".TD colspan=2" 2*2+3
			    .ETB

		     This looks like

			    +------------------------------+---------------+
			    |	       header1+2	   |	header3	   |
			    +--------------+---------------+---------------+
			    | 1*1	   | 1*2	   | 1*3	   |
			    +--------------+---------------+---------------+
			    | 2*1	   | 2*2+3			   |
			    +--------------+-------------------------------+

		     A working example with rowspan is

			    .TBL cols=3
			    .  TR
			    .  TD 1*1
			    .  TD rowspan=2 1+2*2
			    .  TD 1*3
			    .
			    .  TR
			    .  TD 2*1
			    .  TD 2*3
			    .ETB

		     which looks like

			    +--------------+---------------+---------------+
			    | 1*1	   | 1+2*2	   | 1*3	   |
			    +--------------+		   +---------------+
			    | 2*1	   |		   | 2*3	   |
			    +--------------+---------------+---------------+

       .ETB [hold]
	      End of the table.

	      This macro finishes a table.  It causes one of the following ac‐
	      tions.

	      ·	 If  the  argument ‘hold’ is given, the table is held until it
		 is freed by calling the macro .t*free, which in  turn	prints
		 the  table  immediately, either at the current position or at
		 the top of the next page if its height is larger than the re‐
		 maining space on the page.

	      ·	 Otherwise, if the table is higher than the remaining space on
		 the page, it is printed at the top of the next page.

	      ·	 If none of the two  above  constraints	 hold,	the  table  is
		 printed immediately at the place of its definition.

	      predecessor: .TD, .TH, .ETB, cell contents
	      successor: .TBL, .TR, .TD, .TH, .ETB, cell contents
	      arguments:
		     hold   Prevent  the  table from being printed until it is
			    freed by calling the macro .t*free.	 This argument
			    is ignored for inner (nested) tables.

       .t*free [n]
	      Free  the	 next  held table or n held tables.  Call this utility
	      macro to print tables which are held by using the	 ‘hold’	 argu‐
	      ment of the .ETB macro.

   Arguments common to .TBL, .TR, .TD, and .TH
       The  arguments described in this section can be specified with the .TBL
       and .TR macros, but they are eventually passed on to the	 table	cells.
       If  omitted, the defaults take place, which the user can change by set‐
       ting the corresponding default registers or strings, as documented  be‐
       low.   Setting  an  argument with the .TBL macro has the same effect as
       setting it for all rows in the table.  Setting an argument with	a  .TR
       macro has the same effect as setting it for all the .TH or .TD macro in
       this row.

       bgc=[c]
	      The background color of the table cells.	This includes the area
	      specified with the ‘csp’ argument.  The argument ‘bgc=’ (no val‐
	      ue) suppresses a background color;  this	makes  the  background
	      transparent.
	      Default: ‘bgc=bisque’ (string ‘t*bgc’).
       fgc=c  The foreground color of the cell contents.
	      Default: ‘fgc=red4’ (string ‘t*fgc’).
       ff=name
	      The  font	 family	 for the table.	 name is one of the groff font
	      families, for example A for the AvantGarde fonts or HN for  Hel‐
	      vetica-Narrow.
	      Default: The font family found before the table (string ‘t*ff’).
       fst=style
	      The  font style for the table.  One of R, I, B, or BI for roman,
	      bold, italic, or bold italic, respectively.  As with roff's  .ft
	      request the ‘fst’ argument can be used to specify the font fami‐
	      ly and font style together, for example  ‘fst=HNBI’  instead  of
	      ‘ff=HN’ and ‘fst=BI’.
	      Default:	The  font  style in use right before the table (string
	      ‘t*fst’).
       fsz='d1 [d2]'
	      A decimal or fractional factor d1, by which the point  size  for
	      the table is changed, and d2, by which the vertical line spacing
	      is changed.  If d2 is omitted, value d1 is taken for both.
	      Default: ‘fsz='1.0 1.0'’ (string ‘t*fsz’).
       hal=l|c|b|r
	      Horizontal  alignment  of	 the  cell  contents  in  the	table.
	      ‘hal=l’: left alignment.	‘hal=c’: centered alignment.  ‘hal=b’:
	      both (left and right) alignment.	‘hal=r’: right alignment.
	      Default: ‘hal=b’ (string ‘t*hal’).
       val=t|m|b
	      Vertical alignment of the cell contents in the table  for	 cells
	      lower than the current row.  ‘val=t’: alignment below the top of
	      the cell.	  ‘val=m’:  alignment  in  the	middle	of  the	 cell.
	      ‘val=b’: alignment above the cell bottom.
	      Default: ‘val=t’ (string ‘t*val’).
       hl=[s|d]
	      Horizontal  line between the rows.  If specified with .TD or .TH
	      this is a separator line to the cell below.  ‘hl=’  (no  value):
	      no  separator line.  ‘hl=s’: a single separator line between the
	      rows.  ‘hl=d’: a double separator line.

	      The thickness of the separator lines is the half of  the	border
	      thickness,  but  at  least  0.1inches.  The distance between the
	      double lines is equal to the line thickness.

	      Remark: Together with ‘border=0’ for proper formatting the value
	      of  ‘csp’	 must be at least .05inches for single separator lines
	      and .15inches for double separator lines.
	      Default: ‘hl=s’ (string ‘t*hl’).
       vl=[s|d]
	      Vertical separator line between the cells.   If  specified  with
	      .TD  or  .TH  this is a separator line to the cell on the right.
	      ‘vl=s’: a single separator line between the  cells.   ‘vl=d’:  a
	      double separator line.  ‘vl=’ (no value): no vertical cell sepa‐
	      rator lines.  For more information see the documentation of  the
	      ‘hl’ argument above.
	      Default: ‘vl=s’ (string ‘t*vl’).

HDTBL CUSTOMIZATION
       Before creating the first table, you should configure default values to
       minimize the markup needed in each table.  The following	 example  sets
       up defaults suitable for typical papers:

	      .ds t*bgc white\" background color
	      .ds t*fgc black\" foreground color
	      .ds t*bc black\"	border color
	      .nr t*cpd 0.1n\"	cell padding

       The  file  examples/common.roff	provides  another example setup in the
       ``minimal Page setup'' section.

       A table which does not fit on a partially filled page is printed	 auto‐
       matically  on the top of the next page if you append the little utility
       macro t*hm to the page header macro of your document's main macro pack‐
       age.  For example, say

	      .am pg@top
	      .	 t*hm
	      ..

       if you use the ms macro package.

       The  macro  t*EM	 checks	 for  held or kept tables, and for missing ETB
       macros (table not closed).  You can append this macro  to  the  ``end''
       macro of your document's main macro package.  For example:

	      .am pg@end-text
	      .	 t*EM
	      ..

       If you use the ms macro package.

AUTHOR
       Joachim Walsdorff ⟨Joachim.Walsdorff@urz.uni-heidelberg.de⟩

BUGS AND SUGGESTIONS
       Please send your commments to the groff mailing list ⟨groff@gnu.org⟩ or
       directly to the author.

Groff Version 1.22.2		7 February 2013			GROFF_HDTBL(7)
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