git-update-ref man page on MacOSX

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GIT-UPDATE-REF(1)		  Git Manual		     GIT-UPDATE-REF(1)

NAME
       git-update-ref - Update the object name stored in a ref safely

SYNOPSIS
       git update-ref [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>] | --stdin [-z])

DESCRIPTION
       Given two arguments, stores the <newvalue> in the <ref>, possibly
       dereferencing the symbolic refs. E.g. git update-ref HEAD <newvalue>
       updates the current branch head to the new object.

       Given three arguments, stores the <newvalue> in the <ref>, possibly
       dereferencing the symbolic refs, after verifying that the current value
       of the <ref> matches <oldvalue>. E.g. git update-ref refs/heads/master
       <newvalue> <oldvalue> updates the master branch head to <newvalue> only
       if its current value is <oldvalue>. You can specify 40 "0" or an empty
       string as <oldvalue> to make sure that the ref you are creating does
       not exist.

       It also allows a "ref" file to be a symbolic pointer to another ref
       file by starting with the four-byte header sequence of "ref:".

       More importantly, it allows the update of a ref file to follow these
       symbolic pointers, whether they are symlinks or these "regular file
       symbolic refs". It follows real symlinks only if they start with
       "refs/": otherwise it will just try to read them and update them as a
       regular file (i.e. it will allow the filesystem to follow them, but
       will overwrite such a symlink to somewhere else with a regular
       filename).

       If --no-deref is given, <ref> itself is overwritten, rather than the
       result of following the symbolic pointers.

       In general, using

	   git update-ref HEAD "$head"

       should be a lot safer than doing

	   echo "$head" > "$GIT_DIR/HEAD"

       both from a symlink following standpoint and an error checking
       standpoint. The "refs/" rule for symlinks means that symlinks that
       point to "outside" the tree are safe: they’ll be followed for reading
       but not for writing (so we’ll never write through a ref symlink to some
       other tree, if you have copied a whole archive by creating a symlink
       tree).

       With -d flag, it deletes the named <ref> after verifying it still
       contains <oldvalue>.

       With --stdin, update-ref reads instructions from standard input and
       performs all modifications together. Specify commands of the form:

	   update SP <ref> SP <newvalue> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
	   create SP <ref> SP <newvalue> LF
	   delete SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
	   verify SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
	   option SP <opt> LF

       Quote fields containing whitespace as if they were strings in C source
       code. Alternatively, use -z to specify commands without quoting:

	   update SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
	   create SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL
	   delete SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
	   verify SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
	   option SP <opt> NUL

       Lines of any other format or a repeated <ref> produce an error. Command
       meanings are:

       update
	   Set <ref> to <newvalue> after verifying <oldvalue>, if given.
	   Specify a zero <newvalue> to ensure the ref does not exist after
	   the update and/or a zero <oldvalue> to make sure the ref does not
	   exist before the update.

       create
	   Create <ref> with <newvalue> after verifying it does not exist. The
	   given <newvalue> may not be zero.

       delete
	   Delete <ref> after verifying it exists with <oldvalue>, if given.
	   If given, <oldvalue> may not be zero.

       verify
	   Verify <ref> against <oldvalue> but do not change it. If <oldvalue>
	   zero or missing, the ref must not exist.

       option
	   Modify behavior of the next command naming a <ref>. The only valid
	   option is no-deref to avoid dereferencing a symbolic ref.

       Use 40 "0" or the empty string to specify a zero value, except that
       with -z an empty <oldvalue> is considered missing.

       If all <ref>s can be locked with matching <oldvalue>s simultaneously,
       all modifications are performed. Otherwise, no modifications are
       performed. Note that while each individual <ref> is updated or deleted
       atomically, a concurrent reader may still see a subset of the
       modifications.

LOGGING UPDATES
       If config parameter "core.logAllRefUpdates" is true and the ref is one
       under "refs/heads/", "refs/remotes/", "refs/notes/", or the symbolic
       ref HEAD; or the file "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" exists then git update-ref
       will append a line to the log file "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" (dereferencing
       all symbolic refs before creating the log name) describing the change
       in ref value. Log lines are formatted as:

	1. oldsha1 SP newsha1 SP committer LF

	   Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously
	   stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of
	   <newvalue> and "committer" is the committer’s name, email address
	   and date in the standard Git committer ident format.

       Optionally with -m:

	1. oldsha1 SP newsha1 SP committer TAB message LF

	   Where all fields are as described above and "message" is the value
	   supplied to the -m option.

       An update will fail (without changing <ref>) if the current user is
       unable to create a new log file, append to the existing log file or
       does not have committer information available.

GIT
       Part of the git(1) suite

Git 1.8.5			  11/27/2013		     GIT-UPDATE-REF(1)
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