GIT-SHOW(1) Git Manual GIT-SHOW(1)NAMEgit-show - Show various types of objects
SYNOPSISgit-show [options] <object>...
DESCRIPTION
Shows one or more objects (blobs, trees, tags and commits).
For commits it shows the log message and textual diff. It also presents
the merge commit in a special format as produced by git-diff-tree --cc.
For tags, it shows the tag message and the referenced objects.
For trees, it shows the names (equivalent to git-ls-tree(1) with
--name-only).
For plain blobs, it shows the plain contents.
The command takes options applicable to the git-diff-tree(1) command to
control how the changes the commit introduces are shown.
This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.
OPTIONS
<object>
The name of the object to show. For a more complete list of ways
to spell object names, see "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in
git-rev-parse(1).
--pretty[=<format>]
Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
where <format> can be one of oneline, short, medium, full,
fuller, email, raw and format:<string>. When omitted, the format
defaults to medium.
Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the
repository configuration (see git-config(1)).
--abbrev-commit
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
name, show only handful hexdigits prefix. Non default number of
digits can be specified with "--abbrev=<n>" (which also modifies
diff output, if it is displayed).
This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable
for people using 80-column terminals.
--encoding[=<encoding>]
The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this defaults
to UTF-8.
PRETTY FORMATS
If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format is not oneline,
email or raw, an additional line is inserted before the Author: line.
This line begins with "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are
printed, separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
necessarily be the list of the direct parent commits if you have
limited your view of history: for example, if you are only interested
in changes related to a certain directory or file.
Here are some additional details for each format:
· oneline
<sha1> <title line>
This is designed to be as compact as possible.
· short
commit <sha1>
Author: <author>
<title line>
· medium
commit <sha1>
Author: <author>
Date: <date>
<title line>
<full commit message>
· full
commit <sha1>
Author: <author>
Commit: <committer>
<title line>
<full commit message>
· fuller
commit <sha1>
Author: <author>
AuthorDate: <date & time>
Commit: <committer>
CommitDate: <date & time>
<title line>
<full commit message>
· email
From <sha1> <date>
From: <author>
Date: <date & time>
Subject: [PATCH] <title line>
<full commit message>
· raw
The raw format shows the entire commit exactly as stored in the
commit object. Notably, the SHA1s are displayed in full, regardless
of whether --abbrev or --no-abbrev are used, and parents information
show the true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
simplification into account.
· format:
The format: format allows you to specify which information you want
to show. It works a little bit like printf format, with the notable
exception that you get a newline with %n instead of \n.
E.g, format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"
would show something like this:
The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
The placeholders are:
· %H: commit hash
· %h: abbreviated commit hash
· %T: tree hash
· %t: abbreviated tree hash
· %P: parent hashes
· %p: abbreviated parent hashes
· %an: author name
· %ae: author email
· %ad: author date
· %aD: author date, RFC2822 style
· %ar: author date, relative
· %at: author date, UNIX timestamp
· %ai: author date, ISO 8601 format
· %cn: committer name
· %ce: committer email
· %cd: committer date
· %cD: committer date, RFC2822 style
· %cr: committer date, relative
· %ct: committer date, UNIX timestamp
· %ci: committer date, ISO 8601 format
· %e: encoding
· %s: subject
· %b: body
· %Cred: switch color to red
· %Cgreen: switch color to green
· %Cblue: switch color to blue
· %Creset: reset color
· %m: left, right or boundary mark
· %n: newline
EXAMPLES
git show v1.0.0
Shows the tag v1.0.0, along with the object the tags points at.
git show v1.0.0^{tree}
Shows the tree pointed to by the tag v1.0.0.
git show next~10:Documentation/README
Shows the contents of the file Documentation/README as they were
current in the 10th last commit of the branch next.
git show master:Makefile master:t/Makefile
Concatenates the contents of said Makefiles in the head of the
branch master.
DISCUSSION
At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.
· The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects are
treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes. What readdir(2)
returns are what are recorded and compared with the data git keeps
track of, which in turn are expected to be what lstat(2) and
creat(2) accepts. There is no such thing as pathname encoding
translation.
· The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequence of
bytes. There is no encoding translation at the core level.
· The commit log messages are uninterpreted sequence of non-NUL bytes.
Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded in
UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to force
UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular project find
it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git does not forbid it.
However, there are a few things to keep in mind.
1. git-commit-tree (hence, git-commit which uses it) issues a warning
if the commit log message given to it does not look like a valid
UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your project uses a legacy
encoding. The way to say this is to have i18n.commitencoding in
.git/config file, like this:
[i18n]
commitencoding = ISO-8859-1
Commit objects created with the above setting record the value of
i18n.commitencoding in its encoding header. This is to help other
people who look at them later. Lack of this header implies that the
commit log message is encoded in UTF-8.
2. git-log, git-show and friends looks at the encoding header of a
commit object, and tries to re-code the log message into UTF-8
unless otherwise specified. You can specify the desired output
encoding with i18n.logoutputencoding in .git/config file, like this:
[i18n]
logoutputencoding = ISO-8859-1
If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of
i18n.commitencoding is used instead.
Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log
message when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit object
level, because re-coding to UTF-8 is not necessarily a reversible
operation.
AUTHOR
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and Junio C Hamano
<junkio@cox.net>. Significantly enhanced by Johannes Schindelin
<Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>.
DOCUMENTATION
Documentation by David Greaves, Petr Baudis and the git-list
<git@vger.kernel.org>.
GIT
Part of the git(7) suite
Git 1.5.5.2 10/21/2008 GIT-SHOW(1)
