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getc(3S)							      getc(3S)

NAME
       getc(),	 getc_unlocked(),   getchar(),	 getchar_unlocked(),  fgetc(),
       getw(), getw_unlocked() - get character or word from a stream file

SYNOPSIS
   Obsolescent Interface
DESCRIPTION
       Returns the next character (i.e., byte) from the named input
		      stream, as an unsigned character converted to  an	 inte‐
		      ger.   It also moves the file pointer, if defined, ahead
		      one character in stream.	is defined as and are  defined
		      both as macros and as functions.

       Same as	      but  is  a function rather than a macro.	is slower than
		      but it takes less space per invocation and its name  can
		      be passed as an argument to a function.

       returns the next word (i.e.,
		      in C) from the named input stream.  increments the asso‐
		      ciated file pointer, if defined, to point	 to  the  next
		      word.   The size of a word is the size of an integer and
		      varies from machine  to  machine.	  assumes  no  special
		      alignment in the file.

       and  are	 identical  to and respectively except they do not perform any
       internal locking of the stream for multithreaded applications.

   Obsolescent Interface
       gets character or word from a stream file.

APPLICATION USAGE
       and interfaces should be used by multithread  applications  which  have
       already	used  to  acquire  a mutual exclusion lock for the stream (see
       flockfile(3S)).

       After or is applied to a stream, the stream becomes byte-oriented  (see
       orientation(5)).

RETURN VALUE
       Upon  successful	 completion,  and  return the next byte from the input
       stream pointed to by stream for and If the stream  is  at  end-of-file,
       the  end-of-file	 indicator  for the stream is set and EOF is returned.
       If a read error occurs, the error indicator for the stream is  set,  is
       set to indicate the error and EOF is returned.

       When  the  file corresponding to an open stream gets extended after the
       end-of-file is reached, any subsequent calls to	these  functions  will
       succeed and the end-of-file indicator will remain set.  However, in the
       UNIX2003 standards environment (see standards(5)), these functions will
       return EOF and the end-of-file indicator will still remain set.

       Upon  successful	 completion,  and  return the next word from the input
       stream pointed to by stream.  If the stream is at end-of-file, the end-
       of-file	indicator for the stream is set and and return EOF.  If a read
       error occurs, the error indicator for the stream is set, and and return
       EOF and set to indicate the error.

       and  can	 be used to distinguish between an error condition and an end-
       of-file condition.

ERRORS
       and fail if data needs to be read into the stream's buffer, and:

	      The	     flag is set for the  file	descriptor  underlying
			     stream  and  the  process would be delayed in the
			     read operation.

	      The file descriptor underlying
			     stream is not a valid file	 descriptor  open  for
			     reading.

	      The  read	 operation was terminated due to the receipt of a sig‐
	      nal,
			     and either no data was transferred or the	imple‐
			     mentation	does  not  report partial transfer for
			     this file.

	      A physical I/O error has occurred, or the process is a
			     member of a background process and is  attempting
			     to read from its controlling terminal, and either
			     the process is ignoring or blocking the signal or
			     the process group of the process is orphaned.

       Additional values may be set by the underlying function (see read(2)).

WARNINGS
       and  are	 implemented  both as library functions and macros.  The macro
       versions, which are used by default,  are  defined  in  To  obtain  the
       library	function  either  use  a to remove the macro definition or, if
       compiling in ANSI-C mode, enclose the function name in  parenthesis  or
       use  the	 function  address.  The following example illustrates each of
       these methods :

       If the integer value returned by or is stored into a character variable
       then  compared  against	the  integer constant the comparison may never
       succeed because sign-extension of a character on widening to integer is
       machine-dependent.

       The  macro  version  of	incorrectly treats a stream argument with side
       effects.	 In particular, does not work sensibly.	 The function  version
       of or should be used instead.

       Because of possible differences in word length and byte ordering, files
       written using are machine-dependent, and may be unreadable by on a dif‐
       ferent processor.

   Reentrant Interfaces
       If is defined before including the locked versions of the library func‐
       tions for and are used by default.

       is an obsolescent  interface  supported	only  for  compatibility  with
       existing DCE applications. New multithreaded applications should use

SEE ALSO
       read(2),	 fclose(3S),  ferror(3S), flockfile(3S), fopen(3S), fread(3S),
       gets(3S),   putc(3S),	scanf(3S),    orientation(5),	 standards(5),
       thread_safety(5).

STANDARDS CONFORMANCE

								      getc(3S)
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