getpwent man page on 4.4BSD

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GETPWENT(3)		 BSD Library Functions Manual		   GETPWENT(3)

NAME
     getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, setpassent, setpwent, endpwent — password
     database operations

SYNOPSIS
     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <pwd.h>

     struct passwd *
     getpwent(void);

     struct passwd *
     getpwnam(const char *login);

     struct passwd *
     getpwuid(uid_t uid);

     int
     setpassent(int stayopen);

     int
     setpwent(void);

     void
     endpwent(void);

DESCRIPTION
     These functions operate on the password database file which is described
     in passwd(5).  Each entry in the database is defined by the structure
     passwd found in the include file ⟨pwd.h⟩:

	   struct passwd {
		   char	   *pw_name;	   /* user name */
		   char	   *pw_passwd;	   /* encrypted password */
		   uid_t   pw_uid;	   /* user uid */
		   gid_t   pw_gid;	   /* user gid */
		   time_t  pw_change;	   /* password change time */
		   char	   *pw_class;	   /* user access class */
		   char	   *pw_gecos;	   /* Honeywell login info */
		   char	   *pw_dir;	   /* home directory */
		   char	   *pw_shell;	   /* default shell */
		   time_t  pw_expire;	   /* account expiration */
	   };

     The functions getpwnam() and getpwuid() search the password database for
     the given login name or user uid, respectively, always returning the
     first one encountered.

     The getpwent() function sequentially reads the password database and is
     intended for programs that wish to process the complete list of users.

     The setpassent() function accomplishes two purposes.  First, it causes
     getpwent() to ``rewind'' to the beginning of the database.	 Additionally,
     if stayopen is non-zero, file descriptors are left open, significantly
     speeding up subsequent accesses for all of the routines.  (This latter
     functionality is unnecessary for getpwent() as it doesn't close its file
     descriptors by default.)

     It is dangerous for long-running programs to keep the file descriptors
     open as the database will become out of date if it is updated while the
     program is running.

     The setpwent() function is identical to setpassent() with an argument of
     zero.

     The endpwent() function closes any open files.

     These routines have been written to ``shadow'' the password file, e.g.
     allow only certain programs to have access to the encrypted password.  If
     the process which calls them has an effective uid of 0, the encrypted
     password will be returned, otherwise, the password field of the returned
     structure will point to the string ‘*’.

RETURN VALUES
     The functions getpwent(), getpwnam(), and getpwuid(), return a valid
     pointer to a passwd structure on success and a null pointer if end-of-
     file is reached or an error occurs.  The functions setpassent() and
     setpwent() return 0 on failure and 1 on success.  The endpwent() function
     has no return value.

FILES
     /var/db/pwd.db	 The insecure password database file
     /var/db/spwd.db	 The secure password database file
     /etc/master.passwd	 The current password file
     /etc/passwd	 A Version 7 format password file

SEE ALSO
     getlogin(3), getgrent(3), passwd(5), pwd_mkdb(8), vipw(8)

HISTORY
     The getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, setpwent, and endpwent functions
     appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.  The setpassent function appeared in
     4.3BSD-Reno.

BUGS
     The functions getpwent(), getpwnam(), and getpwuid(), leave their results
     in an internal static object and return a pointer to that object. Subse‐
     quent calls to the same function will modify the same object.

     The routines getpwent(), endpwent(), setpassent(), and setpwent() are
     fairly useless in a networked environment and should be avoided, if pos‐
     sible.

COMPATIBILITY
     The historic function setpwfile(3), which allowed the specification of
     alternate password databases, has been deprecated and is no longer avail‐
     able.

BSD			       December 11, 1993			   BSD
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