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GETITIMER(2)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		  GETITIMER(2)

NAME
       getitimer, setitimer - get or set value of an interval timer

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/time.h>

       int getitimer(int which, struct itimerval *curr_value);
       int setitimer(int which, const struct itimerval *new_value,
		     struct itimerval *old_value);

DESCRIPTION
       The  system  provides  each  process  with  three interval timers, each
       decrementing in a distinct time domain.	When any timer expires, a sig‐
       nal is sent to the process, and the timer (potentially) restarts.

       ITIMER_REAL    decrements in real time, and delivers SIGALRM upon expi‐
		      ration.

       ITIMER_VIRTUAL decrements only  when  the  process  is  executing,  and
		      delivers SIGVTALRM upon expiration.

       ITIMER_PROF    decrements  both	when the process executes and when the
		      system is executing on behalf of the  process.   Coupled
		      with  ITIMER_VIRTUAL, this timer is usually used to pro‐
		      file the time spent by the application in user and  ker‐
		      nel space.  SIGPROF is delivered upon expiration.

       Timer values are defined by the following structures:

	   struct itimerval {
	       struct timeval it_interval; /* next value */
	       struct timeval it_value;	   /* current value */
	   };

	   struct timeval {
	       time_t	   tv_sec;	   /* seconds */
	       suseconds_t tv_usec;	   /* microseconds */
	   };

       The  function  getitimer() fills the structure pointed to by curr_value
       with the current setting for the	 timer	specified  by  which  (one  of
       ITIMER_REAL,  ITIMER_VIRTUAL, or ITIMER_PROF).  The element it_value is
       set to the amount of time remaining on the timer, or zero if the	 timer
       is disabled.  Similarly, it_interval is set to the reset value.

       The  function  setitimer()  sets	 the  specified	 timer to the value in
       new_value.  If old_value is non-NULL, the old value  of	the  timer  is
       stored there.

       Timers decrement from it_value to zero, generate a signal, and reset to
       it_interval.  A timer which is set to zero (it_value  is	 zero  or  the
       timer expires and it_interval is zero) stops.

       Both  tv_sec and tv_usec are significant in determining the duration of
       a timer.

       Timers will never expire before the requested time, but may expire some
       (short)	time  afterward,  which depends on the system timer resolution
       and on the system load; see time(7).  (But see BUGS below.)  Upon expi‐
       ration,	a  signal will be generated and the timer reset.  If the timer
       expires while the process is active (always  true  for  ITIMER_VIRTUAL)
       the signal will be delivered immediately when generated.	 Otherwise the
       delivery will be offset by a small time dependent on the	 system	 load‐
       ing.

RETURN VALUE
       On  success,  zero is returned.	On error, -1 is returned, and errno is
       set appropriately.

ERRORS
       EFAULT new_value, old_value, or curr_value is not valid a pointer.

       EINVAL which is not one of ITIMER_REAL, ITIMER_VIRTUAL, or ITIMER_PROF;
	      or  (since Linux 2.6.22) one of the tv_usec fields in the struc‐
	      ture pointed to by new_value contains a value outside the	 range
	      0 to 999999.

CONFORMING TO
       POSIX.1-2001,  SVr4,  4.4BSD  (this  call  first	 appeared  in 4.2BSD).
       POSIX.1-2008 marks getitimer() and setitimer()  obsolete,  recommending
       the  use	 of  the POSIX timers API (timer_gettime(2), timer_settime(2),
       etc.) instead.

NOTES
       A child created via fork(2) does	 not  inherit  its  parent's  interval
       timers.	Interval timers are preserved across an execve(2).

       POSIX.1 leaves the interaction between setitimer() and the three inter‐
       faces alarm(2), sleep(3), and usleep(3) unspecified.

       The standards are silent on the meaning of the call:

	   setitimer(which, NULL, &old_value);

       Many systems (Solaris, the BSDs, and  perhaps  others)  treat  this  as
       equivalent to:

	   getitimer(which, &old_value);

       In  Linux,  this	 is treated as being equivalent to a call in which the
       new_value fields are zero; that is, the timer is disabled.   Don't  use
       this Linux misfeature: it is nonportable and unnecessary.

BUGS
       The  generation	and  delivery  of  a signal are distinct, and only one
       instance of each of the signals listed  above  may  be  pending	for  a
       process.	  Under	 very  heavy  loading, an ITIMER_REAL timer may expire
       before the signal from a previous expiration has been  delivered.   The
       second signal in such an event will be lost.

       On  Linux  kernels  before  2.6.16,  timer  values  are	represented in
       jiffies.	 If a request is made set a timer with a value	whose  jiffies
       representation	   exceeds	MAX_SEC_IN_JIFFIES     (defined	    in
       include/linux/jiffies.h), then the timer is silently truncated to  this
       ceiling	value.	 On Linux/i386 (where, since Linux 2.6.13, the default
       jiffy is 0.004 seconds), this means that the ceiling value for a	 timer
       is  approximately  99.42	 days.	 Since Linux 2.6.16, the kernel uses a
       different internal  representation  for	times,	and  this  ceiling  is
       removed.

       On  certain  systems  (including	 i386),	 Linux	kernels before version
       2.6.12 have a bug which will produce premature timer expirations of  up
       to  one	jiffy  under  some circumstances.  This bug is fixed in kernel
       2.6.12.

       POSIX.1-2001 says that setitimer() should fail if a  tv_usec  value  is
       specified  that	is outside of the range 0 to 999999.  However, in ker‐
       nels up to and including 2.6.21, Linux does  not	 give  an  error,  but
       instead silently adjusts the corresponding seconds value for the timer.
       From kernel 2.6.22 onward, this nonconformance has  been	 repaired:  an
       improper tv_usec value results in an EINVAL error.

SEE ALSO
       gettimeofday(2), sigaction(2), signal(2), timer_create(2), timerfd_cre‐
       ate(2), time(7)

COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 3.54 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
       description  of	the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux				  2012-10-01			  GETITIMER(2)
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