fuser man page on CentOS

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FUSER(P)		   POSIX Programmer's Manual		      FUSER(P)

PROLOG
       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the	 corresponding
       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.

NAME
       fuser - list process IDs of all processes that have one or  more	 files
       open

SYNOPSIS
       fuser [ -cfu ] file ...

DESCRIPTION
       The  fuser  utility  shall  write to standard output the process IDs of
       processes running on the local system that have one or more named files
       open.  For  block special devices, all processes using any file on that
       device are listed.

       The fuser utility shall write to standard error additional  information
       about the named files indicating how the file is being used.

       Any  output  for	 processes running on remote systems that have a named
       file open is unspecified.

       A user may need appropriate privilege to invoke the fuser utility.

OPTIONS
       The fuser utility shall conform	to  the	 Base  Definitions  volume  of
       IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.

       The following options shall be supported:

       -c     The  file	 is  treated  as  a  mount point and the utility shall
	      report on any files open in the file system.

       -f     The report shall be only for the named files.

       -u     The user name, in parentheses, associated with each  process  ID
	      written to standard output shall be written to standard error.

OPERANDS
       The following operand shall be supported:

       file   A pathname on which the file or file system is to be reported.

STDIN
       Not used.

INPUT FILES
       The user database.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       The  following  environment  variables  shall  affect  the execution of
       fuser:

       LANG   Provide a default value for the  internationalization  variables
	      that  are	 unset	or  null.  (See the Base Definitions volume of
	      IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section  8.2,  Internationalization	 Vari‐
	      ables  for the precedence of internationalization variables used
	      to determine the values of locale categories.)

       LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values  of  all
	      the other internationalization variables.

       LC_CTYPE
	      Determine	 the  locale  for  the	interpretation of sequences of
	      bytes of text data as characters (for  example,  single-byte  as
	      opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).

       LC_MESSAGES
	      Determine	 the  locale  that should be used to affect the format
	      and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.

       NLSPATH
	      Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of
	      LC_MESSAGES .

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
       Default.

STDOUT
       The  fuser  utility  shall  write the process ID for each process using
       each file given as an operand to standard output in the following  for‐
       mat:

	      "%d", <process_id>

STDERR
       The fuser utility shall write diagnostic messages to standard error.

       The fuser utility also shall write the following to standard error:

	* The pathname of each named file is written followed immediately by a
	  colon.

	* For each process ID written to standard output,  the	character  'c'
	  shall	 be written to standard error if the process is using the file
	  as its current directory and the character 'r' shall be  written  to
	  standard  error  if the process is using the file as its root direc‐
	  tory. Implementations may write other alphabetic characters to indi‐
	  cate other uses of files.

	* When	the  -u	 option is specified, characters indicating the use of
	  the file shall be followed immediately by the user name,  in	paren‐
	  theses,  corresponding  to  the  process' real user ID.  If the user
	  name cannot be resolved from the process' real user ID, the process'
	  real user ID shall be written instead of the user name.

       When  standard output and standard error are directed to the same file,
       the output shall be interleaved so that the  filename  appears  at  the
       start  of each line, followed by the process ID and characters indicat‐
       ing the use of the file. Then, if the -u option is specified, the  user
       name or user ID for each process using that file shall be written.

       A  <newline>  shall  be written to standard error after the last output
       described above for each file operand.

OUTPUT FILES
       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
       None.

EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values shall be returned:

	0     Successful completion.

       >0     An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
       Default.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE
       None.

EXAMPLES
       The command:

	      fuser -fu .

       writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that  are	 using
       the current directory and writes to standard error an indication of how
       those processes are using the directory and the user  names  associated
       with the processes that are using the current directory.

RATIONALE
       The definition of the fuser utility follows existing practice.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       None.

COPYRIGHT
       Portions	 of  this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       --  Portable  Operating	System	Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
       Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003	by  the	 Institute  of
       Electrical  and	Electronics  Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The  Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
       is the referee document. The original Standard can be  obtained	online
       at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2003			      FUSER(P)
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