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ftok(3C)		 Standard C Library Functions		      ftok(3C)

NAME
       ftok - generate an IPC key

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/ipc.h>

       key_t ftok(const char *path, int id);

DESCRIPTION
       The  ftok()  function returns a key based on path and id that is usable
       in subsequent calls to msgget(2), semget(2)  and	 shmget(2).  The  path
       argument	 must  be the pathname of an existing file that the process is
       able to	stat(2).

       The ftok() function will return the same key value for all  paths  that
       name the same file, when called with the same id value, and will return
       different key values when called with different id values.

       If the file named by path is removed while still referred to by a  key,
       a  call	to  ftok()  with the same path and id returns an error. If the
       same file is recreated, then a call to ftok() with the same path and id
       is likely to return a different key.

       Only  the  low  order  8-bits  of  id are significant.  The behavior of
       ftok() is unspecified if these bits are 0.

RETURN VALUES
       Upon successful completion, ftok() returns a  key.   Otherwise,	ftok()
       returns (key_t)−1 and sets errno to indicate the error.

ERRORS
       The ftok() function will fail if:

       EACCES		       Search  permission is denied for a component of
			       the path prefix.

       ELOOP		       Too many symbolic  links	 were  encountered  in
			       resolving path.

       ENAMETOOLONG	       The   length   of  the  path  argument  exceeds
			       {PATH_MAX}   or a pathname component is	longer
			       than {NAME_MAX}.

       ENOENT		       A  component  of path does not name an existing
			       file or path is an empty string.

       ENOTDIR		       A component of the path prefix is not a	direc‐
			       tory.

       The ftok() function may fail if:

       ENAMETOOLONG	       Pathname resolution of a symbolic link produced
			       an intermediate	result	whose  length  exceeds
			       {PATH_MAX}  .

USAGE
       For maximum portability, id should be a single-byte character.

       Another	way  to	 compose keys is to include the project ID in the most
       significant byte and to use the remaining portion as a sequence number.
       There  are  many	 other ways to form keys, but it is necessary for each
       system to define standards for forming them. If some  standard  is  not
       adhered to, it will be possible for unrelated processes to unintention‐
       ally interfere with each other's operation. It  is  still  possible  to
       interfere  intentionally.  Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the
       most significant byte of a key in some sense refer to a project so that
       keys do not conflict across a given system.

NOTES
       Since the ftok() function returns a value based on the id given and the
       file serial number of the file named by path  in	 a  type  that	is  no
       longer  large enough to hold all file serial numbers, it may return the
       same key for paths naming different files on large filesystems.

ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       ┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
       │      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     │	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   │
       ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │Interface Stability	     │Standard			   │
       ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │MT-Level		     │MT-Safe			   │
       └─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘

SEE ALSO
       msgget(2), semget(2), shmget(2), stat(2), attributes(5), standards(5)

SunOS 5.10			  24 Jul 2002			      ftok(3C)
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