FSCK_FFS(8) OpenBSD System Manager's Manual FSCK_FFS(8)NAMEfsck_ffs - Fast File System consistency check and interactive repair
SYNOPSISfsck_ffs [-fnpy] [-b block#] [-c level] [-m mode] filesystem ...
DESCRIPTIONfsck_ffs performs interactive file system consistency checks and repairs
for each file system specified. It is normally invoked from fsck(8).
The kernel takes care that only a restricted class of innocuous file
system inconsistencies can happen unless hardware or software failures
intervene. These are limited to the following:
Unreferenced inodes
Link counts in inodes too large
Missing blocks in the free map
Blocks in the free map also in files
Counts in the super-block wrong
These are the only inconsistencies that fsck_ffs with the -p option will
correct; if it encounters other inconsistencies, it exits with an
abnormal return status and an automatic reboot will then fail. For each
corrected inconsistency, one or more lines will be printed identifying
the file system on which the correction will take place along with the
nature of the correction. After successfully correcting a file system,
fsck_ffs will print the number of files on that file system, the number
of used and free blocks, and the percentage of fragmentation.
If sent a QUIT signal, fsck_ffs will finish the file system checks, then
exit with an abnormal return status that causes an automatic reboot to
fail. This is useful when you want to finish the file system checks
during an automatic reboot, but do not want the machine to come up
multiuser after the checks complete.
If sent an INFO signal, fsck_ffs will print a line to standard error
indicating the name of the device currently being checked, the current
phase number, and phase-specific progress information.
Without the -p option, fsck_ffs audits and interactively repairs
inconsistent conditions for file systems. If the file system is
inconsistent, the operator is prompted for concurrence before each
correction is attempted. It should be noted that some of the corrective
actions which are not correctable under the -p option will result in some
loss of data. The amount and severity of data lost may be determined
from the diagnostic output. The default action for each consistency
correction is to wait for the operator to respond ``yes'' or ``no''. If
the operator does not have write permission on the file system, fsck_ffs
will default to a -n action.
fsck has more consistency checks than its predecessors check, dcheck,
fcheck, and icheck combined.
The following flags are interpreted by fsck_ffs:
-b block#
Use the block# specified as the super block for the file system.
Block 32 is usually an alternate super block.
-c level
Convert the file system to the specified level. Note that the
level of a file system can only be raised. There are currently
four levels defined:
0 The file system is in the old (static table) format.
1 The file system is in the new (dynamic table) format.
2 The file system supports 32-bit UIDs and GIDs, short
symbolic links are stored in the inode, and directories
have an added field showing the file type.
3 If maxcontig is greater than one, build the free segment
maps to aid in finding contiguous sets of blocks. If
maxcontig is equal to one, delete any existing segment
maps.
-f Force checking of file systems. Normally, if a file system is
cleanly unmounted, the kernel will set a ``clean flag'' in the
file system superblock and fsck_ffs will not check the file
system. This option forces fsck_ffs to check the file system,
regardless of the state of the clean flag.
-m mode
Use the mode specified in octal as the permission bits to use
when creating the lost+found directory rather than the default
1700. In particular, systems that wish to have lost files
accessible by all users on the system should use a less
restrictive set of permissions such as 755.
-n Assume a ``no'' response to all questions asked by fsck_ffs
except for ``CONTINUE?'', which is assumed to be affirmative.
File systems will not be opened for writing. This is the default
for file systems to be checked that are concurrently mounted
writable.
-p Enter preen mode: fsck_ffs will check the file systems on the
special (raw) devices listed on the command line and will make
minor repairs without human intervention. Any major problems
will cause fsck_ffs to exit with a non-zero exit code, so as to
alert any invoking program or script that human intervention is
required.
-y Assume a ``yes'' response to all questions asked by fsck_ffs;
this should be used with great caution as this is a free license
to continue after essentially unlimited trouble has been
encountered.
In interactive mode, fsck_ffs will list the conversion to be made and ask
whether the conversion should be done. If a negative answer is given, no
further operations are done on the file system. In preen mode, the
conversion is listed and done if possible without user interaction.
Conversion in preen mode is best used when all the file systems are being
converted at once. The format of a file system can be determined from
the first line of output from dumpfs(8).
Inconsistencies checked are as follows:
1. Blocks claimed more than once by inodes or the free map.
2. Blocks claimed by an inode outside the range of the file system.
3. Incorrect link counts.
4. Size checks:
Directory size not a multiple of DIRBLKSIZ.
Partially truncated file.
5. Bad inode format.
6. Blocks not accounted for anywhere.
7. Directory checks:
File pointing to unallocated inode.
Inode number out of range.
Dot or dot-dot not the first two entries of a directory or
having the wrong inode number.
8. Super Block checks:
More blocks for inodes than there are in the file system.
Bad free block map format.
Total free block and/or free inode count incorrect.
Orphaned files and directories (allocated but unreferenced) are, with the
operator's concurrence, reconnected by placing them in the lost+found
directory. The name assigned is the inode number. If the lost+found
directory does not exist, it is created. If there is insufficient space
its size is increased.
Because of inconsistencies between the block device and the buffer cache,
the raw device should always be used.
DIAGNOSTICS
The diagnostics produced by fsck_ffs are fully enumerated and explained
in Appendix A of Fsck_ffs - The UNIX File System Check Program.
SEE ALSOfs(5), fstab(5), fsck(8), fsdb(8), growfs(8), mount_ffs(8), newfs(8),
rc(8)OpenBSD 4.9 March 3, 2010 OpenBSD 4.9
