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FSCK_EXT2FS(8)		 BSD System Manager's Manual		FSCK_EXT2FS(8)

NAME
     fsck_ext2fs - Second Extended File System consistency check and interac-
     tive repair

SYNOPSIS
     fsck_ext2fs [-dfnpy] [-b block#] [-m mode] filesystem ...

DESCRIPTION
     fsck_ext2fs performs interactive file system consistency checks and
     repairs for each of the file systems specified. It is normally invoked
     from fsck(8).

     The kernel takes care that only a restricted class of innocuous file sys-
     tem inconsistencies can happen unless hardware or software failures in-
     tervene. These are limited to the following:

	   Unreferenced inodes
	   Link counts in inodes too large
	   Missing blocks in the free map
	   Blocks in the free map also in files
	   Counts in the super-block wrong

     These are the only inconsistencies that fsck_ext2fs in "preen" mode (with
     the -p option) will correct; if it encounters other inconsistencies, it
     exits with an abnormal return status. For each corrected inconsistency
     one or more lines will be printed identifying the file system on which
     the correction will take place, and the nature of the correction. After
     successfully correcting a file system, fsck_ext2fs will print the number
     of files on that file system and the number of used and free blocks.

     If sent a QUIT signal, fsck_ext2fs will finish the file system checks,
     then exit with an abnormal return status.

     Without the -p option, fsck_ext2fs audits and interactively repairs in-
     consistent conditions for file systems. If the file system is incon-
     sistent, the operator is prompted for concurrence before each correction
     is attempted. It should be noted that some of the corrective actions
     which are not correctable under the -p option will result in some loss of
     data. The amount and severity of data lost may be determined from the di-
     agnostic output. The default action for each consistency correction is to
     wait for the operator to respond "yes" or "no". If the operator does not
     have write permission on the file system, fsck_ext2fs will default to a
     -n action.

     The following flags are interpreted by fsck_ext2fs:

     -b block#
	     Use the block specified immediately after the flag as the super
	     block for the file system. Block 8193 is usually an alternate
	     super block.

     -d	     Print debugging output.

     -f	     Force checking of file systems. Normally, if a file system is
	     cleanly unmounted, the kernel will set a "clean flag" in the file
	     system superblock and fsck_ext2fs will not check the file system.
	     This option forces fsck_ext2fs to check the file system, regard-
	     less of the state of the clean flag.

     -m mode
	     Use the mode specified in octal as the permission bits to use
	     when creating the lost+found directory rather than the default
	     1777. In particular, systems that do not wish to have lost files
	     accessible by all users on the system should use a more restric-
	     tive set of permissions such as 700.

     -n	     Assume a "no" response to all questions asked by fsck_ext2fs ex-
	     cept for "CONTINUE?", which is assumed to be affirmative. File
	     systems will not be opened for writing. This is the default for
	     file systems to be checked that are concurrently mounted writ-
	     able.

     -p	     Specify "preen" mode, described above.

     -y	     Assume a "yes" response to all questions asked by fsck_ext2fs;
	     this should be used with great caution as this is a free license
	     to continue after essentially unlimited trouble has been encoun-
	     tered.

     Inconsistencies checked are as follows:

     1.	  Blocks claimed more than once by inodes or the free map.
     2.	  Blocks claimed by an inode outside the range of the file system.
     3.	  Incorrect link counts.
     4.	  Size checks:
		Directory size not a multiple of file system block size.
		Partially truncated file.
     5.	  Bad inode format.
     6.	  Blocks not accounted for anywhere.
     7.	  Directory checks:
		File pointing to unallocated inode.
		Inode number out of range.
		Dot or dot-dot not the first two entries of a directory or
		having the wrong inode number.
     8.	  Super Block checks:
		More blocks for inodes than there are in the file system.
		Bad free block map format.
		Total free block and/or free inode count incorrect.

     Orphaned files and directories (allocated but unreferenced) are, with the
     operator's concurrence, reconnected by placing them in the lost+found
     directory. The name assigned is the inode number. If the lost+found
     directory does not exist, it is created. If there is insufficient space
     its size is increased.

     Because of inconsistencies between the block device and the buffer cache,
     the raw device should always be used.

DIAGNOSTICS
     The diagnostics produced by fsck_ext2fs are fully enumerated and ex-
     plained in Appendix A of Fsck_ffs - The UNIX File System Check Program.

SEE ALSO
     fs(5), fstab(5), fsck(8), mount_ext2fs(8), rc(8)

     Fsck_ffs - The UNIX File System Check Program,
     /usr/share/doc/smm/03.fsck_ffs.

MirOS BSD #10-current		June 13, 1997				     1
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