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SCANF(3)		 BSD Library Functions Manual		      SCANF(3)

NAME
     scanf, fscanf, sscanf, vscanf, vsscanf, vfscanf — input format conversion

LIBRARY
     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS
     #include <stdio.h>

     int
     scanf(const char * restrict format, ...);

     int
     fscanf(FILE * restrict stream, const char * restrict format, ...);

     int
     sscanf(const char * restrict str, const char * restrict format, ...);

     #include <stdarg.h>

     int
     vscanf(const char * restrict format, va_list ap);

     int
     vsscanf(const char * restrict str, const char * restrict format,
	 va_list ap);

     int
     vfscanf(FILE * restrict stream, const char * restrict format,
	 va_list ap);

DESCRIPTION
     The scanf() family of functions scans input according to a format as
     described below.  This format may contain conversion specifiers; the
     results from such conversions, if any, are stored through the pointer
     arguments.	 The scanf() function reads input from the standard input
     stream stdin, fscanf() reads input from the stream pointer stream, and
     sscanf() reads its input from the character string pointed to by str.
     The vfscanf() function is analogous to vfprintf(3) and reads input from
     the stream pointer stream using a variable argument list of pointers (see
     stdarg(3)).  The vscanf() function scans a variable argument list from
     the standard input and the vsscanf() function scans it from a string;
     these are analogous to the vprintf() and vsprintf() functions respec‐
     tively.  Each successive pointer argument must correspond properly with
     each successive conversion specifier (but see the * conversion below).
     All conversions are introduced by the % (percent sign) character.	The
     format string may also contain other characters.  White space (such as
     blanks, tabs, or newlines) in the format string match any amount of white
     space, including none, in the input.  Everything else matches only
     itself.  Scanning stops when an input character does not match such a
     format character.	Scanning also stops when an input conversion cannot be
     made (see below).

CONVERSIONS
     Following the % character introducing a conversion there may be a number
     of flag characters, as follows:

     *	      Suppresses assignment.  The conversion that follows occurs as
	      usual, but no pointer is used; the result of the conversion is
	      simply discarded.

     hh	      Indicates that the conversion will be one of dioux or n and the
	      next pointer is a pointer to a char (rather than int).

     h	      Indicates that the conversion will be one of dioux or n and the
	      next pointer is a pointer to a short int (rather than int).

     l (ell)  Indicates that the conversion will be one of dioux or n and the
	      next pointer is a pointer to a long int (rather than int), that
	      the conversion will be one of a, e, f, or g and the next pointer
	      is a pointer to double (rather than float), or that the conver‐
	      sion will be one of c, s or [ and the next pointer is a pointer
	      to an array of wchar_t (rather than char).

     ll (ell ell)
	      Indicates that the conversion will be one of dioux or n and the
	      next pointer is a pointer to a long long int (rather than int).

     L	      Indicates that the conversion will be one of a, e, f, or g and
	      the next pointer is a pointer to long double.

     j	      Indicates that the conversion will be one of dioux or n and the
	      next pointer is a pointer to a intmax_t (rather than int).

     t	      Indicates that the conversion will be one of dioux or n and the
	      next pointer is a pointer to a ptrdiff_t (rather than int).

     z	      Indicates that the conversion will be one of dioux or n and the
	      next pointer is a pointer to a size_t (rather than int).

     q	      (deprecated.)  Indicates that the conversion will be one of
	      dioux or n and the next pointer is a pointer to a long long int
	      (rather than int).

     In addition to these flags, there may be an optional maximum field width,
     expressed as a decimal integer, between the % and the conversion.	If no
     width is given, a default of “infinity” is used (with one exception,
     below); otherwise at most this many bytes are scanned in processing the
     conversion.  In the case of the lc, ls and l[ conversions, the field
     width specifies the maximum number of multibyte characters that will be
     scanned.  Before conversion begins, most conversions skip white space;
     this white space is not counted against the field width.

     The following conversions are available:

     %	   Matches a literal ‘%’.  That is, “%%” in the format string matches
	   a single input ‘%’ character.  No conversion is done, and assign‐
	   ment does not occur.

     d	   Matches an optionally signed decimal integer; the next pointer must
	   be a pointer to int.

     i	   Matches an optionally signed integer; the next pointer must be a
	   pointer to int.  The integer is read in base 16 if it begins with
	   ‘0x’ or ‘0X’, in base 8 if it begins with ‘0’, and in base 10 oth‐
	   erwise.  Only characters that correspond to the base are used.

     o	   Matches an octal integer; the next pointer must be a pointer to
	   unsigned int.

     u	   Matches an optionally signed decimal integer; the next pointer must
	   be a pointer to unsigned int.

     x, X  Matches an optionally signed hexadecimal integer; the next pointer
	   must be a pointer to unsigned int.

     a, A, e, E, f, F, g, G
	   Matches a floating-point number in the style of strtod(3).  The
	   next pointer must be a pointer to float (unless l or L is speci‐
	   fied.)

     s	   Matches a sequence of non-white-space characters; the next pointer
	   must be a pointer to char, and the array must be large enough to
	   accept all the sequence and the terminating NUL character.  The
	   input string stops at white space or at the maximum field width,
	   whichever occurs first.

	   If an l qualifier is present, the next pointer must be a pointer to
	   wchar_t, into which the input will be placed after conversion by
	   mbrtowc(3).

     S	   The same as ls.

     c	   Matches a sequence of width count characters (default 1); the next
	   pointer must be a pointer to char, and there must be enough room
	   for all the characters (no terminating NUL is added).  The usual
	   skip of leading white space is suppressed.  To skip white space
	   first, use an explicit space in the format.

	   If an l qualifier is present, the next pointer must be a pointer to
	   wchar_t, into which the input will be placed after conversion by
	   mbrtowc(3).

     C	   The same as lc.

     [	   Matches a nonempty sequence of characters from the specified set of
	   accepted characters; the next pointer must be a pointer to char,
	   and there must be enough room for all the characters in the string,
	   plus a terminating NUL character.  The usual skip of leading white
	   space is suppressed.	 The string is to be made up of characters in
	   (or not in) a particular set; the set is defined by the characters
	   between the open bracket [ character and a close bracket ] charac‐
	   ter.	 The set excludes those characters if the first character
	   after the open bracket is a circumflex ^.  To include a close
	   bracket in the set, make it the first character after the open
	   bracket or the circumflex; any other position will end the set.
	   The hyphen character - is also special; when placed between two
	   other characters, it adds all intervening characters to the set.
	   To include a hyphen, make it the last character before the final
	   close bracket.  For instance, ‘[^]0-9-]’ means the set “everything
	   except close bracket, zero through nine, and hyphen”.  The string
	   ends with the appearance of a character not in the (or, with a cir‐
	   cumflex, in) set or when the field width runs out.

	   If an l qualifier is present, the next pointer must be a pointer to
	   wchar_t, into which the input will be placed after conversion by
	   mbrtowc(3).

     p	   Matches a pointer value (as printed by ‘%p’ in printf(3)); the next
	   pointer must be a pointer to void.

     n	   Nothing is expected; instead, the number of characters consumed
	   thus far from the input is stored through the next pointer, which
	   must be a pointer to int.  This is not a conversion, although it
	   can be suppressed with the * flag.

     The decimal point character is defined in the program's locale (category
     LC_NUMERIC).

     For backwards compatibility, a “conversion” of ‘%\0’ causes an immediate
     return of EOF.

RETURN VALUES
     These functions return the number of input items assigned, which can be
     fewer than provided for, or even zero, in the event of a matching fail‐
     ure.  Zero indicates that, while there was input available, no conver‐
     sions were assigned; typically this is due to an invalid input character,
     such as an alphabetic character for a ‘%d’ conversion.  The value EOF is
     returned if an input failure occurs before any conversion such as an end-
     of-file occurs.  If an error or end-of-file occurs after conversion has
     begun, the number of conversions which were successfully completed is
     returned.

SEE ALSO
     getc(3), mbrtowc(3), printf(3), strtod(3), strtol(3), strtoul(3),
     wscanf(3)

STANDARDS
     The functions fscanf(), scanf(), sscanf(), vfscanf(), vscanf() and
     vsscanf() conform to ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (“ISO C99”).

BUGS
     Earlier implementations of scanf treated %D, %E, %F, %O and %X as their
     lowercase equivalents with an l modifier.	In addition, scanf treated an
     unknown conversion character as %d or %D, depending on its case.  This
     functionality has been removed.

     Numerical strings are truncated to 512 characters; for example, %f and %d
     are implicitly %512f and %512d.

     The %n$ modifiers for positional arguments are not implemented.

     The scanf family of functions do not correctly handle multibyte charac‐
     ters in the format argument.

BSD				January 4, 2003				   BSD
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