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fold(1)								       fold(1)

NAME
       fold - Breaks or wraps lines in a file

SYNOPSIS
       fold [-bs] [-w width | -width] [file...]

       The  fold command wraps lines in the specified files.  If a file is not
       specified, standard input is the default. All lines are wrapped to meet
       the maximum width specified.

STANDARDS
       Interfaces  documented on this reference page conform to industry stan‐
       dards as follows:

       fold:  XCU5.0

       Refer to the standards(5) reference page	 for  more  information	 about
       industry standards and associated tags.

OPTIONS
       Specifies  that	width  be counted in bytes rather than in column posi‐
       tions.  Using the -b option does not limit  lines  to  LINE_MAX	bytes.
       Breaks  (or  wraps)  a  line  if a segment of the line contains a blank
       character in the first width column position (or bytes).	 This  enables
       the line to meet width constraints.  If a blank character is not in the
       correct width column position, the -s option  has  no  affect  on  that
       input  line.  Specifies the maximum width to use when lines are wrapped
       in column positions (or bytes if the -b option is  specified).	Either
       -w  width  or  -width  is acceptable input where width is the number of
       column positions (or bytes).  The default value is 80.

DESCRIPTION
       The fold command is a filter that wraps lines from the specified	 input
       files  or  standard  input  to  a maximum of width (or bytes, if the -b
       option is specified).  The fold command wraps lines by inserting a new‐
       line  character into the output so that each output line is the maximum
       column positions or bytes specified.  A line cannot be  broken  in  the
       middle of a character.

       The fold command is often used to send text files to line printers that
       truncate, rather than wrap, lines wider than the	 printer  is  able  to
       print (usually 80 or 132 column positions).

       If  the <backspace>, <tab>, or <carriage return> characters are encoun‐
       tered in the input, and the -b option is not specified,	these  charac‐
       ters  are  treated specially: The current count of line width is decre‐
       mented by one, although the count never	becomes	 negative.   The  fold
       command does not insert a newline character immediately before or after
       any backspace character.	 Each tab character encountered	 advances  the
       column  position	 pointer  to  the  position of the next tab stop.  Tab
       stops are at each column position number, such  that  number  modulo  8
       equals 1.  The current count of the line width is set to zero (0).  The
       fold command does not insert a newline immediately before or after  any
       carriage return.

       [Tru64 UNIX]  The fold command possibly affects underlining in a file.

EXIT STATUS
       The  fold  command  returns  the following values: All input files were
       successfully processed.	[Tru64 UNIX]  A usage error occurred.	[Tru64
       UNIX]  An input file cannot be opened.  The fold command continues pro‐
       cessing the other input files specified on the command line.

EXAMPLES
       The fold command can be used to prepare files to be joined side-by-side
       with the paste command.	For example, the contents of two files, az and
       AZ follows:

       aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj kkkk llll  mmmm  nnnn
       oooo pppp qqqq rrrr ssss tttt uuuu vvvv wwww xxxx yyyy zzzz

       AAAA  BBBB  CCCC DDDD EEEE FFFF GGGG HHHH IIII JJJJ KKKK LLLL MMMM NNNN
       OOOO PPPP QQQQ RRRR SSSS TTTT UUUU VVVV WWWW XXXX YYYY ZZZZ

       To display the az and AZ files side-by-side, use the following  command
       line: fold -w 32 az > az2; fold -w 32 AZ > AZ2; paste -d" " az2 AZ2

       Executing the previous command line results in the following output:

       aaaa  bbbb  cccc	 dddd eeee ffff gg AAAA BBBB CCCC DDDD EEEE FFFF GG gg
       hhhh iiii jjjj kkkk llll mmmm GG HHHH IIII JJJJ	KKKK  LLLL  MMMM  nnnn
       oooo  pppp  qqqq	 rrrr ssss tt NNNN OOOO PPPP QQQQ RRRR SSSS TT tt uuuu
       vvvv wwww xxxx yyyy zzzz TT UUUU VVVV WWWW XXXX YYYY ZZZZ

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       The following environment variables affect the execution of fold:  Pro‐
       vides  a	 default value for the internationalization variables that are
       unset or null. If LANG is unset or null, the corresponding  value  from
       the  default  locale is used.  If any of the internationalization vari‐
       ables contain an invalid setting, the utility behaves as if none of the
       variables  had been defined.  If set to a non-empty string value, over‐
       rides the values	 of  all  the  other  internationalization  variables.
       Determines  the	locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of
       text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to	multi‐
       byte characters in arguments) and for the determination of the width in
       column positions each character would occupy on a  constant-width  font
       output  device.	 Determines  the locale for the format and contents of
       diagnostic messages written to standard error.  Determines the location
       of message catalogues for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.

SEE ALSO
       Commands:  cut(1), expand(1), paste(1)

       Standards:  standards(5)

								       fold(1)
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