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FLAC(1)								       FLAC(1)

NAME
       flac — Free Lossless Audio Codec

SYNOPSIS
       flac [OPTIONS]  [infile.wav  | infile.aiff  | infile.raw	 | infile.flac
       | infile.oga  | infile.ogg  | - ]  ...

       flac [-d	 | --decode  | -t  | --test  | -a  |  --analyze	 ]   [OPTIONS]
       [infile.flac  | infile.oga  | infile.ogg	 | - ]	...

DESCRIPTION
       flac is a command-line tool for encoding, decoding, testing and analyz‐
       ing FLAC streams.

OPTIONS
       A summary of options is included below.	For  a	complete  description,
       see the HTML documentation.

   General Options
       -v, --version
		 Show the flac version number

       -h, --help
		 Show basic usage and a list of all options

       -H, --explain
		 Show detailed explanation of usage and all options

       -d, --decode
		 Decode (the default behavior is to encode)

       -t, --test
		 Test  a  flac encoded file (same as -d except no decoded file
		 is written)

       -a, --analyze
		 Analyze a FLAC encoded file (same as -d  except  an  analysis
		 file is written)

       -c, --stdout
		 Write output to stdout

       -s, --silent
		 Silent mode (do not write runtime encode/decode statistics to
		 stderr)

       --totally-silent
		 Do not print anything of  any	kind,  including  warnings  or
		 errors.  The exit code will be the only way to determine suc‐
		 cessful completion.

       --no-utf8-convert
		 Do not convert tags from local charset	 to  UTF-8.   This  is
		 useful	 for scripts, and setting tags in situations where the
		 locale is wrong.  This option	must  appear  before  any  tag
		 options!

       -w, --warnings-as-errors
		 Treat	all  warnings as errors (which cause flac to terminate
		 with a non-zero exit code).

       -f, --force
		 Force overwriting of output files.  By	 default,  flac	 warns
		 that the output file already exists and continues to the next
		 file.

       -o filename, --output-name=filename
		 Force the output file name (usually  flac  just  changes  the
		 extension).   May  only  be used when encoding a single file.
		 May not be used in conjunction with --output-prefix.

       --output-prefix=string
		 Prefix each output file name with the given string.  This can
		 be  useful  for  encoding  or	decoding  files to a different
		 directory.  Make sure if your string is a path name  that  it
		 ends with a trailing `/' (slash).

       --delete-input-file
		 Automatically delete the input file after a successful encode
		 or decode.  If there was an error (including a verify	error)
		 the input file is left intact.

       --keep-foreign-metadata
		 If encoding, save WAVE or AIFF non-audio chunks in FLAC meta‐
		 data.	If decoding, restore any saved non-audio  chunks  from
		 FLAC  metadata	 when writing the decoded file.	 Foreign meta‐
		 data cannot be transcoded, e.g. WAVE chunks saved in  a  FLAC
		 file  cannot  be  restored  when decoding to AIFF.  Input and
		 output must be regular files (not stdin or stdout).

       --skip={#|mm:ss.ss}
		 Skip over the first number of samples	of  the	 input.	  This
		 works	for  both encoding and decoding, but not testing.  The
		 alternative form mm:ss.ss can be  used	 to  specify  minutes,
		 seconds, and fractions of a second.

       --until={#|[+|-]mm:ss.ss}
		 Stop  at  the	given sample number for each input file.  This
		 works for both encoding and decoding, but not	testing.   The
		 given	sample	number	is not included in the decoded output.
		 The alternative form mm:ss.ss can be used to specify minutes,
		 seconds,  and fractions of a second.  If a `+' (plus) sign is
		 at the beginning, the --until point is relative to the --skip
		 point.	  If  a	 `-'  (minus)  sign  is	 at the beginning, the
		 --until point is relative to end of the audio.

       --ogg	 When encoding, generate Ogg FLAC  output  instead  of	native
		 FLAC.	 Ogg  FLAC  streams are FLAC streams wrapped in an Ogg
		 transport layer.  The resulting file should  have  an	'.oga'
		 extension and will still be decodable by flac.

		 When  decoding,  force	 the  input to be treated as Ogg FLAC.
		 This is useful when piping input from stdin or when the file‐
		 name does not end in '.oga' or '.ogg'.

       --serial-number=#
		 When  used with --ogg, specifies the serial number to use for
		 the first Ogg FLAC stream, which is then incremented for each
		 additional  stream.   When  encoding  and no serial number is
		 given, flac uses a random number for the first	 stream,  then
		 increments  it for each additional stream.  When decoding and
		 no number is given, flac uses the serial number of the	 first
		 page.

   Analysis Options
       --residual-text
		 Includes the residual signal in the analysis file.  This will
		 make the file very big, much larger  than  even  the  decoded
		 file.

       --residual-gnuplot
		 Generates  a  gnuplot file for every subframe; each file will
		 contain the residual distribution of the subframe.  This will
		 create a lot of files.

   Decoding Options
       --cue=[#.#][-[#.#]]
		 Set  the  beginning  and  ending  cuepoints  to  decode.  The
		 optional first #.# is the track  and  index  point  at	 which
		 decoding  will	 start;	 the  default  is the beginning of the
		 stream.  The optional second #.# is the track and index point
		 at  which  decoding  will  end; the default is the end of the
		 stream.  If the cuepoint does	not  exist,  the  closest  one
		 before	 it  (for  the	start  point) or after it (for the end
		 point) will be used.  If those don't exist, the start of  the
		 stream	 (for  the  start point) or end of the stream (for the
		 end point) will be used.  The cuepoints are merely translated
		 into  sample  numbers	then used as --skip and --until.  A CD
		 track can always be cued by, for example, --cue=9.1-10.1  for
		 track 9, even if the CD has no 10th track.

       -F, --decode-through-errors
		 By  default flac stops decoding with an error and removes the
		 partially decoded file if it encounters  a  bitstream	error.
		 With  -F,  errors  are	 still	printed but flac will continue
		 decoding to completion.   Note	 that  errors  may  cause  the
		 decoded  audio to be missing some samples or have silent sec‐
		 tions.

   Encoding Options
       -V, --verify
		 Verify a correct encoding by decoding the output in  parallel
		 and comparing to the original

       --lax	 Allow	encoder	 to  generate non-Subset files.	 The resulting
		 FLAC file may not be streamable or might have	trouble	 being
		 played	 in  all players (especially hardware devices), so you
		 should only use this option in combination with custom encod‐
		 ing options meant for archival.

       --replay-gain
		 Calculate ReplayGain values and store them as FLAC tags, sim‐
		 ilar to vorbisgain.  Title gains/peaks will be	 computed  for
		 each  input file, and an album gain/peak will be computed for
		 all files.  All input files must have	the  same  resolution,
		 sample	 rate,	and  number of channels.  Only mono and stereo
		 files are allowed, and the sample rate	 must  be  one	of  8,
		 11.025,  12,  16,  22.05, 24, 32, 44.1, or 48 kHz.  Also note
		 that this option may leave a few extra	 bytes	in  a  PADDING
		 block	as  the	 exact size of the tags is not known until all
		 files are processed.  Note that this option  cannot  be  used
		 when encoding to standard output (stdout).

       --cuesheet=filename
		 Import	 the  given  cuesheet  file and store it in a CUESHEET
		 metadata block.  This option may only be used when encoding a
		 single	 file.	A seekpoint will be added for each index point
		 in the cuesheet to the SEEKTABLE unless  --no-cued-seekpoints
		 is specified.

       --picture={FILENAME|SPECIFICATION}
		 Import	 a  picture  and store it in a PICTURE metadata block.
		 More than one --picture command can be specified.   Either  a
		 filename  for	the picture file or a more complete specifica‐
		 tion form can be used.	 The SPECIFICATION is a	 string	 whose
		 parts	are  separated by | (pipe) characters.	Some parts may
		 be left empty to invoke default  values.   FILENAME  is  just
		 shorthand for "||||FILENAME".	The format of SPECIFICATION is

		 [TYPE]|[MIME-TYPE]|[DESCRIPTION]|[WIDTHxHEIGHTxDEPTH[/COL‐
		 ORS]]|FILE

		 TYPE is optional; it is a number from one of:

		 0: Other

		 1: 32x32 pixels 'file icon' (PNG only)

		 2: Other file icon

		 3: Cover (front)

		 4: Cover (back)

		 5: Leaflet page

		 6: Media (e.g. label side of CD)

		 7: Lead artist/lead performer/soloist

		 8: Artist/performer

		 9: Conductor

		 10: Band/Orchestra

		 11: Composer

		 12: Lyricist/text writer

		 13: Recording Location

		 14: During recording

		 15: During performance

		 16: Movie/video screen capture

		 17: A bright coloured fish

		 18: Illustration

		 19: Band/artist logotype

		 20: Publisher/Studio logotype

		 The default is 3 (front cover).  There may only be  one  pic‐
		 ture each of type 1 and 2 in a file.

		 MIME-TYPE  is	optional;  if  left blank, it will be detected
		 from the file.	 For best compatibility with players, use pic‐
		 tures	with MIME type image/jpeg or image/png.	 The MIME type
		 can also be --> to mean that FILE is actually	a  URL	to  an
		 image, though this use is discouraged.

		 DESCRIPTION is optional; the default is an empty string.

		 The  next part specfies the resolution and color information.
		 If the MIME-TYPE is image/jpeg, image/png, or image/gif,  you
		 can  usually  leave  this empty and they can be detected from
		 the file.  Otherwise, you must specify the width  in  pixels,
		 height	 in pixels, and color depth in bits-per-pixel.	If the
		 image has indexed colors you should also specify  the	number
		 of  colors  used.  When manually specified, it is not checked
		 against the file for accuracy.

		 FILE is the path to the picture file to be imported,  or  the
		 URL if MIME type is -->

		 For example, "|image/jpeg|||../cover.jpg" will embed the JPEG
		 file at ../cover.jpg, defaulting to type 3 (front cover)  and
		 an  empty description.	 The resolution and color info will be
		 retrieved from the file itself.

		 The						 specification
		 "4|-->|CD|320x300x24/173|http://blah.blah/backcover.tiff"
		 will embed the given URL, with type 4 (back cover),  descrip‐
		 tion "CD", and a manually specified resolution of 320x300, 24
		 bits-per-pixel, and 173 colors.  The file at the URL will not
		 be  fetched; the URL itself is stored in the PICTURE metadata
		 block.

       --sector-align
		 Align encoding of multiple CD format files on	sector	bound‐
		 aries.	 See the HTML documentation for more information.

       -S {#|X|#x|#s}, --seekpoint={#|X|#x|#s}
		 Include  a  point  or points in a SEEKTABLE.  Using #, a seek
		 point at that sample number is added.	Using X, a placeholder
		 point is added at the end of a the table.  Using #x, # evenly
		 spaced seek points will be added, the first being  at	sample
		 0.   Using  #s,  a seekpoint will be added every # seconds (#
		 does not have to be a whole number; it can be,	 for  example,
		 9.5,  meaning	a  seekpoint  every 9.5 seconds).  You may use
		 many -S options; the resulting SEEKTABLE will be the  unique-
		 ified	union  of  all	such values.  With no -S options, flac
		 defaults to '-S 10s'.	Use --no-seektable for	no  SEEKTABLE.
		 Note:	'-S #x' and '-S #s' will not work if the encoder can't
		 determine the input size before starting.  Note: if  you  use
		 '-S #' and # is >= samples in the input, there will be either
		 no seek point entered (if  the	 input	size  is  determinable
		 before encoding starts) or a placeholder point (if input size
		 is not determinable).

       -P #, --padding=#
		 Tell the encoder to write a PADDING  metadata	block  of  the
		 given	length (in bytes) after the STREAMINFO block.  This is
		 useful if you plan to tag the file later with an  APPLICATION
		 block;	 instead  of  having  to rewrite the entire file later
		 just to insert your block, you can write  directly  over  the
		 PADDING  block.   Note	 that  the total length of the PADDING
		 block will be 4 bytes longer than the length given because of
		 the  4 metadata block header bytes.  You can force no PADDING
		 block at all to be written with  --no-padding.	  The  encoder
		 writes	 a  PADDING  block  of 8192 bytes by default (or 65536
		 bytes if the input audio  stream  is  more  that  20  minutes
		 long).

       -T FIELD=VALUE, --tag=FIELD=VALUE
		 Add  a	 FLAC tag.  The comment must adhere to the Vorbis com‐
		 ment spec; i.e. the FIELD must contain only legal characters,
		 terminated  by an 'equals' sign.  Make sure to quote the com‐
		 ment if necessary.  This option may appear more than once  to
		 add  several  comments.   NOTE: all tags will be added to all
		 encoded files.

       --tag-from-file=FIELD=FILENAME
		 Like --tag, except FILENAME is a file whose contents will  be
		 read  verbatim	 to  set  the tag value.  The contents will be
		 converted to UTF-8 from the local charset.  This can be  used
		 to   store   a	  cuesheet   in	  a   tag  (e.g.   --tag-from-
		 file="CUESHEET=image.cue").  Do not try to store binary  data
		 in tag fields!	 Use APPLICATION blocks for that.

       -b #, --blocksize=#
		 Specify  the  block size in samples.  Subset streams must use
		 one of 192, 576, 1152, 2304, 4608, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096
		 (and 8192 or 16384 if the sample rate is >48kHz).

       -m, --mid-side
		 Try mid-side coding for each frame (stereo input only)

       -M, --adaptive-mid-side
		 Adaptive mid-side coding for all frames (stereo input only)

       -0..-8, --compression-level-0..--compression-level-8
		 Fastest  compression..highest	compression  (default  is -5).
		 These are synonyms for other options:

		 -0, --compression-level-0
			   Synonymous with -l 0 -b 1152 -r 3

		 -1, --compression-level-1
			   Synonymous with -l 0 -b 1152 -M -r 3

		 -2, --compression-level-2
			   Synonymous with -l 0 -b 1152 -m -r 3

		 -3, --compression-level-3
			   Synonymous with -l 6 -b 4096 -r 4

		 -4, --compression-level-4
			   Synonymous with -l 8 -b 4096 -M -r 4

		 -5, --compression-level-5
			   Synonymous with -l 8 -b 4096 -m -r 5

		 -6, --compression-level-6
			   Synonymous with -l 8 -b 4096 -m -r 6

		 -7, --compression-level-7
			   Synonymous with -l 8 -b 4096 -m -e -r 6

		 -8, --compression-level-8
			   Synonymous with -l 12 -b 4096 -m -e -r 6

       --fast	 Fastest compression.  Currently synonymous with -0.

       --best	 Highest compression.  Currently synonymous with -8.

       -e, --exhaustive-model-search
		 Do exhaustive model search (expensive!)

       -A function, --apodization=function
		 Window audio data with given the apodization  function.   The
		 functions  are:  bartlett,  bartlett_hann,  blackman,	black‐
		 man_harris_4term_92db, connes, flattop,  gauss(STDDEV),  ham‐
		 ming,	hann,  kaiser_bessel,  nuttall,	 rectangle,  triangle,
		 tukey(P), welch.

		 For gauss(STDDEV), STDDEV is the standard  deviation  (0<STD‐
		 DEV<=0.5).

		 For  tukey(P), P specifies the fraction of the window that is
		 tapered (0<=P<=1; P=0 corresponds to "rectangle" and P=1 cor‐
		 responds to "hann").

		 More than one -A option (up to 32) may be used.  Any function
		 that is  specified  erroneously  is  silently	dropped.   The
		 encoder  chooses  suitable  defaults in the absence of any -A
		 options; any -A option specified replaces the default(s).

		 When more than one function is specified, then for every sub‐
		 frame the encoder will try each of them separately and choose
		 the window that results in the smallest compressed  subframe.
		 Multiple functions can greatly increase the encoding time.

       -l #, --max-lpc-order=#
		 Specifies  the	 maximum LPC order. This number must be <= 32.
		 For Subset streams, it must be <=12 if	 the  sample  rate  is
		 <=48kHz.  If  0,  the encoder will not attempt generic linear
		 prediction, and use only fixed predictors. Using  fixed  pre‐
		 dictors  is  faster  but usually results in files being 5-10%
		 larger.

       -p, --qlp-coeff-precision-search
		 Do exhaustive search of LP coefficient	 quantization  (expen‐
		 sive!).  Overrides -q; does nothing if using -l 0

       -q #, --qlp-coeff-precision=#
		 Precision  of	the quantized linear-predictor coefficients, 0
		 => let encoder decide (min is 5, default is 0)

       -r [#,]#, --rice-partition-order=[#,]#
		 Set the  [min,]max  residual  partition  order	 (0..16).  min
		 defaults to 0 if unspecified.	Default is -r 5.

   Format Options
       --endian={big|little}
		 Set the byte order for samples

       --channels=#
		 Set number of channels.

       --bps=#	 Set bits per sample.

       --sample-rate=#
		 Set sample rate (in Hz).

       --sign={signed|unsigned}
		 Set the sign of samples (the default is signed).

       --input-size=#
		 Specify  the  size  of	 the  raw  input in bytes.  If you are
		 encoding raw samples from stdin, you must set this option  in
		 order	to  be	able  to  use --skip, --until, --cue-sheet, or
		 other options that need to know the size of the input before‐
		 hand.	If the size given is greater than what is found in the
		 input stream, the encoder will complain about	an  unexpected
		 end-of-file.	If  the	 size  given  is less, samples will be
		 truncated.

       --force-aiff-format
		 Force the decoder to output AIFF format.  This option is  not
		 needed if the output filename (as set by -o) ends with .aiff.
		 Also, this option has no effect  when	encoding  since	 input
		 AIFF is auto-detected.

       --force-raw-format
		 Force	input  (when encoding) or output (when decoding) to be
		 treated as raw samples (even if filename ends in .wav).

   Negative Options
       --no-adaptive-mid-side

       --no-decode-through-errors

       --no-delete-input-file

       --no-exhaustive-model-search

       --no-lax

       --no-mid-side

       --no-ogg

       --no-padding

       --no-qlp-coeff-precision-search

       --no-residual-gnuplot

       --no-residual-text

       --no-sector-align

       --no-seektable

       --no-silent

       --no-verify

       --no-warnings-as-errors
		 These flags can be used to invert the	sense  of  the	corre‐
		 sponding normal option.

SEE ALSO
       metaflac(1).

       The  programs are documented fully by HTML format documentation, avail‐
       able in /usr/share/doc/libflac-doc/html on Debian GNU/Linux systems.

AUTHOR
       This manual page was written by Matt Zimmerman mdz@debian.org  for  the
       Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others).

								       FLAC(1)
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