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EVDNS(3)		   BSD Programmer's Manual		      EVDNS(3)

NAME
     evdns_init, evdns_shutdown, evdns_err_to_string, evdns_nameserver_add,
     evdns_count_nameservers, evdns_clear_nameservers_and_suspend,
     evdns_resume, evdns_nameserver_ip_add, evdns_resolve_ipv4,
     evdns_resolve_reverse, evdns_resolv_conf_parse, evdns_search_clear,
     evdns_search_add, evdns_search_ndots_set, evdns_set_log_fn - asynchronous
     functions for DNS resolution

SYNOPSIS
     #include <sys/time.h>
     #include <event.h>
     #include <evdns.h>

     int
     evdns_init();

     void
     evdns_shutdown(int fail_requests);

     const char *
     evdns_err_to_string(int err);

     int
     evdns_nameserver_add(unsigned long int address);

     int
     evdns_count_nameservers();

     int
     evdns_clear_nameservers_and_suspend();

     int
     evdns_resume();

     int
     evdns_nameserver_ip_add(const char *ip_as_string);

     int
     evdns_resolve_ipv4(const char *name, int flags,
	     evdns_callback_type callback, void *ptr);

     int
     evdns_resolve_reverse(struct in_addr *in, int flags,
	     evdns_callback_type callback, void *ptr);

     int
     evdns_resolv_conf_parse(int flags, const char *);

     void
     evdns_search_clear();

     void
     evdns_search_add(const char *domain);

     void
     evdns_search_ndots_set(const int ndots);

     void
     evdns_set_log_fn(evdns_debug_log_fn_type fn);

DESCRIPTION
     Welcome, gentle reader.

     Asynchronous DNS lookups are really a whole lot harder than they should
     be, mostly stemming from the fact that the libc resolver has never been
     very good at them. Before you use this library you should see if libc can
     do the job for you with the modern async call getaddrinfo_a() (see
     http://www.imperialviolet.org/page25.html#e498). Otherwise, please con-
     tinue.

     This code is based on libevent and event_init() must be called before any
     of the APIs in this file.

     The library keeps track of the state of nameservers and will avoid them
     when they go down. Otherwise it will round robin between them.

     Quick start guide:

	   #include "evdns.h"
	   void callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl,
	       void *addresses, void *arg);
	   evdns_resolv_conf_parse(DNS_OPTIONS_ALL, "/etc/resolv.conf");
	   evdns_resolve("www.hostname.com", 0, callback, NULL);

     When the lookup is complete, the callback function is called. The first
     argument will be one of the DNS_ERR_* defines in <evdns.h>. Hopefully it
     will be DNS_ERR_NONE, in which case type will be DNS_IPv4_A, count will
     be the number of IP addresses, ttl is the time which the data can be
     cached for (in seconds), addresses will point to an array of uint32_t's
     and arg will be whatever was passed to evdns_resolve().

     Searching:

     In order for this library to be a good replacement for the libc resolver,
     it supports searching. This involves setting a list of default domains,
     in which names will be queried for. The number of dots in the query name
     determines the order in which this list is used.

     Searching appears to be a single lookup from the point of view of the
     API, although many DNS queries may be generated from a single call to
     evdns_resolve(). Searching can also drastically slow down the resolution
     of names.

     To disable searching:

	   1.	Never set it up. If evdns_resolv_conf_parse(), evdns_init(),
		and evdns_search_add() are never called then no searching will
		occur.
	   2.	If you do call evdns_resolv_conf_parse() then don't pass
		DNS_OPTION_SEARCH (or DNS_OPTIONS_ALL, which implies it).
	   3.	When calling evdns_resolve(), pass the DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH
		flag.

     The order of searches depends on the number of dots in the name. If the
     number is greater than the ndots setting then the names is first tried
     globally. Otherwise each search domain is appended in turn.

     The ndots setting can either be set from a resolv.conf(5), or by calling
     evdns_search_ndots_set().

     For example, with ndots set to 1 (the default) and a search domain list
     of ["myhome.net"]:

	   Query: www
	   Order: www.myhome.net, www.

	   Query: www.abc
	   Order: www.abc., www.abc.myhome.net

API REFERENCE
     int evdns_init()
	      Initializes support for non-blocking name resolution by calling
	      evdns_resolv_conf_parse().

     int evdns_nameserver_add(unsigned long int address)
	      Add a nameserver. The address should be an IP address in network
	      byte order. The type of address is chosen so that it matches
	      in_addr.s_addr. Returns non-zero on error.

     int evdns_nameserver_ip_add(const char *ip_as_string)
	      This wraps the above function by parsing a string as an IP ad-
	      dress and adds it as a nameserver. Returns non-zero on error

     int evdns_resolve(const char *name, int flags, evdns_callback_type call-
	      back, void *ptr)
	      Resolve a name. The name parameter should be a DNS name. The
	      flags parameter should be 0, or DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH which dis-
	      ables searching for this query (see the definition of searching,
	      above).

	      The callback argument is a function which is called when this
	      query completes and ptr is an argument which is passed to that
	      callback function.

	      Returns non-zero on error.

     void evdns_search_clear()
	      Clears the list of search domains

     void evdns_search_add(const char *domain)
	      Add a domain to the list of search domains

     void evdns_search_ndots_set(int ndots)
	      Set the number of dots which, when found in a name, causes the
	      first query to be without any search domain.

     int evdns_count_nameservers(void)
	      Return the number of configured nameservers (not necessarily the
	      number of running nameservers). This is useful for double check-
	      ing whether calls to the various nameserver configuration func-
	      tions have been successful.

     int evdns_clear_nameservers_and_suspend(void)
	      Remove all currently configured nameservers, and suspend all
	      pending resolves. Resolves will not necessarily be re-attempted
	      until evdns_resume() is called.

     int evdns_resume(void)
	      Re-attempt resolves left in limbo after an earlier call to
	      evdns_clear_nameservers_and_suspend().

     int evdns_resolv_conf_parse(int flags, const char *filename)
	      Parse a resolv.conf-like file from the given filename.

	      See the man page for resolv.conf(5) for the format of this file.
	      The flags argument determines what information is parsed from
	      this file:

		    DNS_OPTION_SEARCH	    Domain, search, and ndots options.
		    DNS_OPTION_NAMESERVERS  Nameserver lines.
		    DNS_OPTION_MISC	    Timeout and attempts options.
		    DNS_OPTIONS_ALL	    All of the above.

	      The following directives are not parsed from the file: lookup
	      and sortlist. Additionally, the following "options" are ignored:
	      debug, edns0, inet6, insecure1, and insecure2.

	      Returns non-zero on error:

		    0	  no errors
		    1	  failed to open file
		    2	  failed to stat file
		    3	  file too large
		    4	  out of memory
		    5	  short read from file

INTERNALS
     Requests are kept in two queues. The first is the inflight queue. In this
     queue requests have an allocated transaction ID and nameserver. They will
     soon be transmitted if they haven't already.

     The second is the waiting queue. The size of the inflight ring is limited
     and all other requests wait in waiting queue for space. This limits the
     number of concurrent requests so that the nameserver does not get flood-
     ed. Several algorithms require a full walk of the inflight queue so lim-
     iting its size keeps thing going nicely under huge (many thousands of re-
     quests) loads.

     If a nameserver loses too many requests it is considered down and we try
     not to use it. After a while a probe is sent to that nameserver (a lookup
     for google.com) and, if it replies, we consider it working again. If the
     nameserver fails a probe, we wait longer to try again with the next
     probe.

SEE ALSO
     event(3), gethostbyname(3), resolv.conf(5)

HISTORY
     The evdns API was developed by Adam Langley on top of the libevent API.
     The code was integrated into Tor by Nick Mathewson and finally put into
     libevent itself by Niels Provos.

AUTHORS
     The evdns API and code was written by Adam Langley with significant con-
     tributions by Nick Mathewson.

BUGS
     This documentation is neither complete nor authoritative. If you are in
     doubt about the usage of this API then check the source code to find out
     how it works, write up the missing piece of documentation and send it to
     me for inclusion in this man page.

MirOS BSD #10-current	       October 7, 2006				     3
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