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     /xlv3/openssl/0.9.7e-sgipl1/work/0.9.7e-sgipl1/openssl-
     0.9.7e/doc/crypto

     Page 1					    (printed 10/20/05)

     des(3)		    1/Oct/2003 (0.9.7e)			des(3)

     NAME
	  DES_random_key, DES_set_key, DES_key_sched,
	  DES_set_key_checked, DES_set_key_unchecked,
	  DES_set_odd_parity, DES_is_weak_key, DES_ecb_encrypt,
	  DES_ecb2_encrypt, DES_ecb3_encrypt, DES_ncbc_encrypt,
	  DES_cfb_encrypt, DES_ofb_encrypt, DES_pcbc_encrypt,
	  DES_cfb64_encrypt, DES_ofb64_encrypt, DES_xcbc_encrypt,
	  DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt, DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt,
	  DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt, DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt,
	  DES_ede3_cbcm_encrypt, DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt,
	  DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt, DES_cbc_cksum, DES_quad_cksum,
	  DES_string_to_key, DES_string_to_2keys, DES_fcrypt,
	  DES_crypt, DES_enc_read, DES_enc_write - DES encryption

     SYNOPSIS
	   #include <openssl/des.h>

	   void DES_random_key(DES_cblock *ret);

	   int DES_set_key(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
	   int DES_key_sched(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
	   int DES_set_key_checked(const_DES_cblock *key,
		  DES_key_schedule *schedule);
	   void DES_set_key_unchecked(const_DES_cblock *key,
		  DES_key_schedule *schedule);

	   void DES_set_odd_parity(DES_cblock *key);
	   int DES_is_weak_key(const_DES_cblock *key);

	   void DES_ecb_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks, int enc);
	   void DES_ecb2_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2, int enc);
	   void DES_ecb3_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks3, int enc);

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	   void DES_ncbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
		  long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
		  int enc);
	   void DES_cfb_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
		  int numbits, long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule,
		  DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
	   void DES_ofb_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
		  int numbits, long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule,
		  DES_cblock *ivec);
	   void DES_pcbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
		  long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
		  int enc);
	   void DES_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
		  long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
		  int *num, int enc);
	   void DES_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
		  long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
		  int *num);

	   void DES_xcbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
		  long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
		  const_DES_cblock *inw, const_DES_cblock *outw, int enc);

	   void DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input,
		  unsigned char *output, long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
	   void DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in,
		  unsigned char *out, long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num, int enc);
	   void DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in,
		  unsigned char *out, long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num);

	   void DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input,
		  unsigned char *output, long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_key_schedule *ks3, DES_cblock *ivec,
		  int enc);
	   void DES_ede3_cbcm_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
		  long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks3, DES_cblock *ivec1, DES_cblock *ivec2,
		  int enc);
	   void DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
		  long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks3, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num, int enc);
	   void DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
		  long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
		  DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_key_schedule *ks3,
		  DES_cblock *ivec, int *num);

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     des(3)		    1/Oct/2003 (0.9.7e)			des(3)

	   DES_LONG DES_cbc_cksum(const unsigned char *input, DES_cblock *output,
		  long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule,
		  const_DES_cblock *ivec);
	   DES_LONG DES_quad_cksum(const unsigned char *input, DES_cblock output[],
		  long length, int out_count, DES_cblock *seed);
	   void DES_string_to_key(const char *str, DES_cblock *key);
	   void DES_string_to_2keys(const char *str, DES_cblock *key1,
		  DES_cblock *key2);

	   char *DES_fcrypt(const char *buf, const char *salt, char *ret);
	   char *DES_crypt(const char *buf, const char *salt);

	   int DES_enc_read(int fd, void *buf, int len, DES_key_schedule *sched,
		  DES_cblock *iv);
	   int DES_enc_write(int fd, const void *buf, int len,
		  DES_key_schedule *sched, DES_cblock *iv);

     DESCRIPTION
	  This library contains a fast implementation of the DES
	  encryption algorithm.

	  There are two phases to the use of DES encryption.  The
	  first is the generation of a DES_key_schedule from a key,
	  the second is the actual encryption.	A DES key is of type
	  DES_cblock. This type is consists of 8 bytes with odd
	  parity.  The least significant bit in each byte is the
	  parity bit.  The key schedule is an expanded form of the
	  key; it is used to speed the encryption process.

	  DES_random_key() generates a random key.  The PRNG must be
	  seeded prior to using this function (see rand(3)).  If the
	  PRNG could not generate a secure key, 0 is returned.

	  Before a DES key can be used, it must be converted into the
	  architecture dependent DES_key_schedule via the
	  DES_set_key_checked() or DES_set_key_unchecked() function.

	  DES_set_key_checked() will check that the key passed is of
	  odd parity and is not a week or semi-weak key.  If the
	  parity is wrong, then -1 is returned.	 If the key is a weak
	  key, then -2 is returned.  If an error is returned, the key
	  schedule is not generated.

	  DES_set_key() works like DES_set_key_checked() if the
	  DES_check_key flag is non-zero, otherwise like
	  DES_set_key_unchecked().  These functions are available for
	  compatibility; it is recommended to use a function that does
	  not depend on a global variable.

	  DES_set_odd_parity() sets the parity of the passed key to
	  odd.

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     des(3)		    1/Oct/2003 (0.9.7e)			des(3)

	  DES_is_weak_key() returns 1 is the passed key is a weak key,
	  0 if it is ok.  The probability that a randomly generated
	  key is weak is 1/2^52, so it is not really worth checking
	  for them.

	  The following routines mostly operate on an input and output
	  stream of DES_cblocks.

	  DES_ecb_encrypt() is the basic DES encryption routine that
	  encrypts or decrypts a single 8-byte DES_cblock in
	  electronic code book (ECB) mode.  It always transforms the
	  input data, pointed to by input, into the output data,
	  pointed to by the output argument.  If the encrypt argument
	  is non-zero (DES_ENCRYPT), the input (cleartext) is
	  encrypted in to the output (ciphertext) using the
	  key_schedule specified by the schedule argument, previously
	  set via DES_set_key. If encrypt is zero (DES_DECRYPT), the
	  input (now ciphertext) is decrypted into the output (now
	  cleartext).  Input and output may overlap.
	  DES_ecb_encrypt() does not return a value.

	  DES_ecb3_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts the input block by
	  using three-key Triple-DES encryption in ECB mode.  This
	  involves encrypting the input with ks1, decrypting with the
	  key schedule ks2, and then encrypting with ks3.  This
	  routine greatly reduces the chances of brute force breaking
	  of DES and has the advantage of if ks1, ks2 and ks3 are the
	  same, it is equivalent to just encryption using ECB mode and
	  ks1 as the key.

	  The macro DES_ecb2_encrypt() is provided to perform two-key
	  Triple-DES encryption by using ks1 for the final encryption.

	  DES_ncbc_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts using the cipher-
	  block-chaining (CBC) mode of DES.  If the encrypt argument
	  is non-zero, the routine cipher-block-chain encrypts the
	  cleartext data pointed to by the input argument into the
	  ciphertext pointed to by the output argument, using the key
	  schedule provided by the schedule argument, and
	  initialization vector provided by the ivec argument.	If the
	  length argument is not an integral multiple of eight bytes,
	  the last block is copied to a temporary area and zero
	  filled.  The output is always an integral multiple of eight
	  bytes.

	  DES_xcbc_encrypt() is RSA's DESX mode of DES.	 It uses inw
	  and outw to 'whiten' the encryption.	inw and outw are
	  secret (unlike the iv) and are as such, part of the key.  So
	  the key is sort of 24 bytes.	This is much better than CBC
	  DES.

	  DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt() implements outer triple CBC DES

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     des(3)		    1/Oct/2003 (0.9.7e)			des(3)

	  encryption with three keys. This means that each DES
	  operation inside the CBC mode is really an
	  C=E(ks3,D(ks2,E(ks1,M))).  This mode is used by SSL.

	  The DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt() macro implements two-key Triple-
	  DES by reusing ks1 for the final encryption.
	  C=E(ks1,D(ks2,E(ks1,M))).  This form of Triple-DES is used
	  by the RSAREF library.

	  DES_pcbc_encrypt() encrypt/decrypts using the propagating
	  cipher block chaining mode used by Kerberos v4. Its
	  parameters are the same as DES_ncbc_encrypt().

	  DES_cfb_encrypt() encrypt/decrypts using cipher feedback
	  mode.	 This method takes an array of characters as input and
	  outputs and array of characters.  It does not require any
	  padding to 8 character groups.  Note: the ivec variable is
	  changed and the new changed value needs to be passed to the
	  next call to this function.  Since this function runs a
	  complete DES ECB encryption per numbits, this function is
	  only suggested for use when sending small numbers of
	  characters.

	  DES_cfb64_encrypt() implements CFB mode of DES with 64bit
	  feedback.  Why is this useful you ask?  Because this routine
	  will allow you to encrypt an arbitrary number of bytes, no 8
	  byte padding.	 Each call to this routine will encrypt the
	  input bytes to output and then update ivec and num.  num
	  contains 'how far' we are though ivec.  If this does not
	  make much sense, read more about cfb mode of DES :-).

	  DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt() and DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt() is the
	  same as DES_cfb64_encrypt() except that Triple-DES is used.

	  DES_ofb_encrypt() encrypts using output feedback mode.  This
	  method takes an array of characters as input and outputs and
	  array of characters.	It does not require any padding to 8
	  character groups.  Note: the ivec variable is changed and
	  the new changed value needs to be passed to the next call to
	  this function.  Since this function runs a complete DES ECB
	  encryption per numbits, this function is only suggested for
	  use when sending small numbers of characters.

	  DES_ofb64_encrypt() is the same as DES_cfb64_encrypt() using
	  Output Feed Back mode.

	  DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt() and DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt() is the
	  same as DES_ofb64_encrypt(), using Triple-DES.

	  The following functions are included in the DES library for
	  compatibility with the MIT Kerberos library.

     Page 5					    (printed 10/20/05)

     des(3)		    1/Oct/2003 (0.9.7e)			des(3)

	  DES_cbc_cksum() produces an 8 byte checksum based on the
	  input stream (via CBC encryption).  The last 4 bytes of the
	  checksum are returned and the complete 8 bytes are placed in
	  output. This function is used by Kerberos v4.	 Other
	  applications should use EVP_DigestInit(3) etc. instead.

	  DES_quad_cksum() is a Kerberos v4 function.  It returns a 4
	  byte checksum from the input bytes.  The algorithm can be
	  iterated over the input, depending on out_count, 1, 2, 3 or
	  4 times.  If output is non-NULL, the 8 bytes generated by
	  each pass are written into output.

	  The following are DES-based transformations:

	  DES_fcrypt() is a fast version of the Unix crypt(3)
	  function.  This version takes only a small amount of space
	  relative to other fast crypt() implementations.  This is
	  different to the normal crypt in that the third parameter is
	  the buffer that the return value is written into.  It needs
	  to be at least 14 bytes long.	 This function is thread safe,
	  unlike the normal crypt.

	  DES_crypt() is a faster replacement for the normal system
	  crypt().  This function calls DES_fcrypt() with a static
	  array passed as the third parameter.	This emulates the
	  normal non-thread safe semantics of crypt(3).

	  DES_enc_write() writes len bytes to file descriptor fd from
	  buffer buf. The data is encrypted via pcbc_encrypt (default)
	  using sched for the key and iv as a starting vector.	The
	  actual data send down fd consists of 4 bytes (in network
	  byte order) containing the length of the following encrypted
	  data.	 The encrypted data then follows, padded with random
	  data out to a multiple of 8 bytes.

	  DES_enc_read() is used to read len bytes from file
	  descriptor fd into buffer buf. The data being read from fd
	  is assumed to have come from DES_enc_write() and is
	  decrypted using sched for the key schedule and iv for the
	  initial vector.

	  Warning: The data format used by DES_enc_write() and
	  DES_enc_read() has a cryptographic weakness: When asked to
	  write more than MAXWRITE bytes, DES_enc_write() will split
	  the data into several chunks that are all encrypted using
	  the same IV.	So don't use these functions unless you are
	  sure you know what you do (in which case you might not want
	  to use them anyway).	They cannot handle non-blocking
	  sockets.  DES_enc_read() uses an internal state and thus
	  cannot be used on multiple files.

	  DES_rw_mode is used to specify the encryption mode to use

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     des(3)		    1/Oct/2003 (0.9.7e)			des(3)

	  with DES_enc_read() and DES_end_write().  If set to
	  DES_PCBC_MODE (the default), DES_pcbc_encrypt is used.  If
	  set to DES_CBC_MODE DES_cbc_encrypt is used.

     NOTES
	  Single-key DES is insecure due to its short key size.	 ECB
	  mode is not suitable for most applications; see
	  des_modes(7).

	  The evp(3) library provides higher-level encryption
	  functions.

     BUGS
	  DES_3cbc_encrypt() is flawed and must not be used in
	  applications.

	  DES_cbc_encrypt() does not modify ivec; use
	  DES_ncbc_encrypt() instead.

	  DES_cfb_encrypt() and DES_ofb_encrypt() operates on input of
	  8 bits.  What this means is that if you set numbits to 12,
	  and length to 2, the first 12 bits will come from the 1st
	  input byte and the low half of the second input byte.	 The
	  second 12 bits will have the low 8 bits taken from the 3rd
	  input byte and the top 4 bits taken from the 4th input byte.
	  The same holds for output.  This function has been
	  implemented this way because most people will be using a
	  multiple of 8 and because once you get into pulling bytes
	  input bytes apart things get ugly!

	  DES_string_to_key() is available for backward compatibility
	  with the MIT library.	 New applications should use a
	  cryptographic hash function.	The same applies for
	  DES_string_to_2key().

     CONFORMING TO
	  ANSI X3.106

	  The des library was written to be source code compatible
	  with the MIT Kerberos library.

     SEE ALSO
	  crypt(3), des_modes(7), evp(3), rand(3)

     HISTORY
	  In OpenSSL 0.9.7, all des_ functions were renamed to DES_ to
	  avoid clashes with older versions of libdes.	Compatibility
	  des_ functions are provided for a short while, as well as
	  crypt().  Declarations for these are in <openssl/des_old.h>.
	  There is no DES_ variant for des_random_seed().  This will
	  happen to other functions as well if they are deemed
	  redundant (des_random_seed() just calls RAND_seed() and is

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     des(3)		    1/Oct/2003 (0.9.7e)			des(3)

	  present for backward compatibility only), buggy or already
	  scheduled for removal.

	  des_cbc_cksum(), des_cbc_encrypt(), des_ecb_encrypt(),
	  des_is_weak_key(), des_key_sched(), des_pcbc_encrypt(),
	  des_quad_cksum(), des_random_key() and des_string_to_key()
	  are available in the MIT Kerberos library;
	  des_check_key_parity(), des_fixup_key_parity() and
	  des_is_weak_key() are available in newer versions of that
	  library.

	  des_set_key_checked() and des_set_key_unchecked() were added
	  in OpenSSL 0.9.5.

	  des_generate_random_block(),
	  des_init_random_number_generator(), des_new_random_key(),
	  des_set_random_generator_seed() and
	  des_set_sequence_number() and des_rand_data() are used in
	  newer versions of Kerberos but are not implemented here.

	  des_random_key() generated cryptographically weak random
	  data in SSLeay and in OpenSSL prior version 0.9.5, as well
	  as in the original MIT library.

     AUTHOR
	  Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com). Modified for the OpenSSL
	  project (http://www.openssl.org).

	  _string_to_key, DES_string_to_2keys, DES_fcrypt, DES_crypt,
	  DES_enc_read, DES_enc_write - DES encryption"

     Page 8					    (printed 10/20/05)

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