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ndbm(3)								       ndbm(3)

NAME
       ndbm,   dbm_clearerr,   dbm_close,  dbm_delete,	dbm_error,  dbm_fetch,
       dbm_firstkey,  dbm_forder,   dbm_nextkey,   dbm_open,   dbm_setpblksiz,
       dbm_store - Database subroutines

SYNOPSIS
       #include <ndbm.h>

       typedef struct {
	    void *dptr
		 size_t dsize

       } datum;

       int dbm_clearerr(
	       DBM *db ); void dbm_close(
	       DBM *db ); int dbm_delete(
	       DBM *db,
	       datum key ); int dbm_error(
	       DBM *db ); datum dbm_fetch(
	       DBM *db,
	       datum key ); datum dbm_firstkey(
	       DBM *db ); long dbm_forder(
	       DBM *db,
	       datum key ); datum dbm_nextkey(
	       DBM *db ); DBM *dbm_open(
	       const char *file,
	       int flags,
	       mode_t mode ); int dbm_setpblksiz(
	       DBM *db,
	       int size ); int dbm_store(
	       DBM *db,
	       datum key,
	       datum content,
	       int store_mode );

       The  following declarations do not conform to current standards and are
       supported   only	  for	backward   compatibility:   typedef    struct{
		      char *dptr
		     int dsize

       } datum;

       DBM *dbm_open(
	       char *file,
	       int flags,
	       int mode );

STANDARDS
       Interfaces  documented by this reference page conform to industry stan‐
       dards as follows:

       dbm_clearerr(), dbm_close(),  dbm_delete(),  dbm_error(),  dbm_fetch(),
       dbm_firstkey(), dbm_nextkey(), dbm_open(), dbm_store(): XSH4.2

       Refer  to  the  standards(5)  reference page for more information about
       industry standards and associated tags.

PARAMETERS
       Specifies a value associated with key.  Points to a database  structure
       that  has been returned from a call to the dbm_open() function.	Speci‐
       fies the file to be opened. If the file parameter refers to a  symbolic
       link, the dbm_open() function opens the file pointed to by the symbolic
       link. See the open(2) reference page for	 further  details.   Specifies
       the  type  of  access, special open processing, the type of update, and
       the initial state of the open file. The parameter value is  constructed
       by  logically ORing special processing options described in the fcntl.h
       header file.  See the open(2) reference page for	 further  details.   A
       datum that has been initialized by the application program to the value
       of the key that identifies the record that  the	program	 is  handling.
       Specifies  the  read,  write, and execute permissions of the file to be
       created (requested by the O_CREAT option). If the file already  exists,
       this  parameter	is ignored. This parameter is constructed by logically
       ORing values described in the sys/mode.h header file. See  the  open(2)
       reference  page	for further details.  The new page file block size set
       by dbm_setpblksiz(). This function forces values to a  minimum  setting
       of  1024	 bytes	and  a maximum setting of 32,768 bytes. It also rounds
       values up to a multiple	of  1024.   Specifies  one  of	the  following
       options	to dbm_store(): Only insert new entries into the database.  Do
       not change an existing entry with the same key.	 Replace  an  existing
       entry if it has the same key.

DESCRIPTION
       The  dbm_open(),	 dbm_close(),  dbm_fetch(), dbm_store(), dbm_delete(),
       dbm_firstkey(),	  dbm_nextkey(),    dbm_forder(),    dbm_setpblksiz(),
       dbm_error(), and dbm_clearerr() functions maintain key/content pairs in
       a database.  The functions  handle  very	 large	databases  (a  billion
       blocks)	and  access  a	keyed item in one or two file system accesses.
       Arbitrary binary data, as well as normal ASCII strings, are allowed.

       The database is stored in two files. One file is a directory containing
       a  bit map and has as its suffix. The second file contains all data and
       has as its suffix.

       Before a database can be accessed, it must be opened by the  dbm_open()
       function. The dbm_open() function opens (and if necessary, creates) the
       file.dir and file.pag files, depending  on  the	flags  parameter.  The
       flags  parameter has the same meaning as the oflags parameter of open()
       except that a database opened for write-only access opens the files for
       read and write access.

       Once  open,  the data stored under a key is accessed by the dbm_fetch()
       function and data is placed under a key by  the	dbm_store()  function.
       The store_mode parameter controls whether dbm_store() replaces any pre‐
       existing record whose key matches the key specified by the key  parame‐
       ter.

       The  dbm_delete()  function deletes a record and its key from the data‐
       base.

       The dbm_firstkey() and dbm_nextkey() functions can be used  to  make  a
       linear  pass  through all keys in a database, in an (apparently) random
       order. The dbm_firstkey() function returns the first key in  the	 data‐
       base.  The dbm_nextkey() function returns the next key in the database.
       The order of keys presented by  the  dbm_firstkey()  and	 dbm_nextkey()
       functions depends on a hashing function.

       The following code traverses the database:

       for (key = dbm_firstkey(db); key.dptr != NULL; key = dbm_nextkey(db))

       The  dbm_setpblksiz()  function sets the page file block size, which is
       1024 bytes by default. This function should only be called  immediately
       after  a call to dbm_open() and prior to calls to other ndbm functions.
       For an existing database, dbm_open() automatically sets the  page  file
       block size to the size set at the time of its creation.

       The dbm_error() function returns the error condition of the database.

       The dbm_clearerr() function clears the error condition of the database.

       [Tru64 UNIX]  The dbm_forder() function returns the block number in the
       file to which the specified key maps.

NOTES
       [Tru64 UNIX]  When compiled in the X/Open UNIX  environment,  calls  to
       the  dbm_delete(),  dbm_fetch(), dbm_firstkey(), dbm_forder(), dbm_nex‐
       tkey(), and dbm_store() functions are internally renamed by  prepending
       _E  to the function name. When you are debugging a module that includes
       any of these functions and for which  _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED  has  been
       defined,	 use  _Ename  to  refer	 to  the name() call. For example, use
       _Edbm_delete to refer to the dbm_delete() call.	See  standards(5)  for
       further information.

       When  using  key	 structures  containing gaps, make sure that the whole
       structure, including gaps, is initialized to a known value;  otherwise,
       the keys may not match.

RETURN VALUES
       Upon  successful	 completion, all functions that return an int return a
       value of 0 (zero). Otherwise, a negative value is returned.

       Functions that return a datum indicate errors with a null (0) dptr.

       The dbm_store() function returns 1 if it is called with a  flags	 value
       of  DBM_INSERT  and  the function finds an existing entry with the same
       key.

ERRORS
       If  any	of  the	  following   conditions   occurs,   the   dbm_open(),
       dbm_delete(),  and  dbm_store()	functions  set errno to the value that
       corresponds to the condition: [Tru64 UNIX]  Insufficient space to allo‐
       cate  a buffer.	[Tru64 UNIX]  An attempt was made to store or delete a
       key (and its associated contents) in a database that was	 opened	 read-
       only.   [Tru64  UNIX]  An  attempt  was	made to store a key whose size
       exceeds	the  page  block  size	limit  as  defined   by	  PBLKSIZ   in
       /usr/include/ndbm.h or a key whose size plus the size of its associated
       contents exceeds the page block size limit set by dbm_setpblksiz().

SEE ALSO
       Functions: dbm(3), open(2)

       Standards: standards(5)

								       ndbm(3)
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