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DBM_CLEARERR(P)		   POSIX Programmer's Manual	       DBM_CLEARERR(P)

PROLOG
       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the	 corresponding
       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.

NAME
       dbm_clearerr,	dbm_close,    dbm_delete,    dbm_error,	    dbm_fetch,
       dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_open, dbm_store - database functions

SYNOPSIS
       #include <ndbm.h>

       int dbm_clearerr(DBM *db);
       void dbm_close(DBM *db);
       int dbm_delete(DBM *db, datum key);
       int dbm_error(DBM *db);
       datum dbm_fetch(DBM *db, datum key);
       datum dbm_firstkey(DBM *db);
       datum dbm_nextkey(DBM *db);
       DBM *dbm_open(const char *file, int open_flags, mode_t file_mode);
       int dbm_store(DBM *db, datum key, datum content, int store_mode);

DESCRIPTION
       These functions create, access, and modify a database.

       A  datum	 consists  of  at least two members, dptr and dsize.  The dptr
       member points to an object that is dsize	 bytes	in  length.  Arbitrary
       binary  data, as well as character strings, may be stored in the object
       pointed to by dptr.

       The database is stored in two files. One file is a directory containing
       a  bitmap  of keys and has .dir as its suffix. The second file contains
       all data and has .pag as its suffix.

       The dbm_open() function shall open a database. The file argument to the
       function is the pathname of the database.  The function opens two files
       named file.dir and file.pag.  The  open_flags  argument	has  the  same
       meaning	as  the flags argument of open() except that a database opened
       for write-only access opens the files for read and write access and the
       behavior	 of  the  O_APPEND flag is unspecified. The file_mode argument
       has the same meaning as the third argument of open().

       The dbm_close() function shall close a database. The application	 shall
       ensure  that  argument db is a pointer to a dbm structure that has been
       returned from a call to dbm_open().

       These database functions shall support an  internal  block  size	 large
       enough to support key/content pairs of at least 1023 bytes.

       The  dbm_fetch()	 function  shall  read	a record from a database.  The
       argument db is a pointer to a database structure that has been returned
       from  a	call  to dbm_open(). The argument key is a datum that has been
       initialized by the application to the value of the key that matches the
       key of the record the program is fetching.

       The dbm_store() function shall write a record to a database.  The argu‐
       ment db is a pointer to a database structure  that  has	been  returned
       from  a	call  to dbm_open(). The argument key is a datum that has been
       initialized by the application to the value of the key that  identifies
       (for  subsequent reading, writing, or deleting) the record the applica‐
       tion is writing. The argument content is a datum that has been initial‐
       ized by the application to the value of the record the program is writ‐
       ing. The argument store_mode controls whether dbm_store() replaces  any
       pre-existing  record that has the same key that is specified by the key
       argument. The application shall set store_mode to either DBM_INSERT  or
       DBM_REPLACE.  If	 the  database	contains a record that matches the key
       argument and store_mode is DBM_REPLACE, the existing  record  shall  be
       replaced	 with  the  new record. If the database contains a record that
       matches the key argument and store_mode	is  DBM_INSERT,	 the  existing
       record shall be left unchanged and the new record ignored. If the data‐
       base does not contain a	record	that  matches  the  key	 argument  and
       store_mode is either DBM_INSERT or DBM_REPLACE, the new record shall be
       inserted in the database.

       If the sum of a key/content pair exceeds the internal block  size,  the
       result  is unspecified. Moreover, the application shall ensure that all
       key/content pairs that  hash  together  fit  on	a  single  block.  The
       dbm_store()  function  shall  return  an error in the event that a disk
       block fills with inseparable data.

       The dbm_delete() function shall delete a record and its	key  from  the
       database. The argument db is a pointer to a database structure that has
       been returned from a call to dbm_open().	 The argument key is  a	 datum
       that  has  been	initialized by the application to the value of the key
       that identifies the record the program is deleting.

       The dbm_firstkey() function shall return the first key in the database.
       The  argument  db  is  a	 pointer to a database structure that has been
       returned from a call to dbm_open().

       The dbm_nextkey() function shall return the next key in	the  database.
       The  argument  db  is  a	 pointer to a database structure that has been
       returned from a call to dbm_open().  The application shall ensure  that
       the  dbm_firstkey()  function  is  called before calling dbm_nextkey().
       Subsequent calls to dbm_nextkey() return the next key until all of  the
       keys in the database have been returned.

       The  dbm_error() function shall return the error condition of the data‐
       base. The argument db is a pointer to a	database  structure  that  has
       been returned from a call to dbm_open().

       The  dbm_clearerr()  function  shall  clear  the error condition of the
       database. The argument db is a pointer to a database structure that has
       been returned from a call to dbm_open().

       The  dptr  pointers  returned  by these functions may point into static
       storage that may be changed by subsequent calls.

       These functions need not be reentrant. A function that is not  required
       to be reentrant is not required to be thread-safe.

RETURN VALUE
       The  dbm_store()	 and  dbm_delete()  functions shall return 0 when they
       succeed and a negative value when they fail.

       The dbm_store() function shall return 1 if it is called	with  a	 flags
       value  of DBM_INSERT and the function finds an existing record with the
       same key.

       The dbm_error() function shall return 0 if the error condition  is  not
       set and return a non-zero value if the error condition is set.

       The return value of dbm_clearerr() is unspecified.

       The  dbm_firstkey()  and	 dbm_nextkey()	functions  shall  return a key
       datum. When the end of the database is reached, the dptr member of  the
       key  is a null pointer. If an error is detected, the dptr member of the
       key shall be a null pointer and the error  condition  of	 the  database
       shall be set.

       The dbm_fetch() function shall return a content datum.  If no record in
       the database matches the key or if an error condition has been detected
       in  the	database,  the	dptr  member  of  the  content shall be a null
       pointer.

       The dbm_open() function shall return a pointer to a database structure.
       If an error is detected during the operation, dbm_open() shall return a
       ( DBM *)0.

ERRORS
       No errors are defined.

       The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES
       None.

APPLICATION USAGE
       The following code can be used to traverse the database:

	      for(key = dbm_firstkey(db); key.dptr != NULL; key = dbm_nextkey(db))

       The dbm_* functions provided in this library should not be confused  in
       any  way	 with  those  of a general-purpose database management system.
       These functions do not provide for multiple search keys per entry, they
       do  not	protect	 against multi-user access (in other words they do not
       lock records or files), and they do not provide the many	 other	useful
       database	 functions  that  are found in more robust database management
       systems. Creating and updating databases by use of these	 functions  is
       relatively slow because of data copies that occur upon hash collisions.
       These functions are useful for applications requiring  fast  lookup  of
       relatively static information that is to be indexed by a single key.

       Note  that  a  strictly	conforming application is extremely limited by
       these functions: since there is no way to determine that	 the  keys  in
       use  do not all hash to the same value (although that would be rare), a
       strictly conforming application cannot be guaranteed that it can	 store
       more  than one block's worth of data in the database.  As long as a key
       collision does not occur, additional data may be	 stored,  but  because
       there is no way to determine whether an error is due to a key collision
       or some other error condition ( dbm_error() being effectively  a	 Bool‐
       ean), once an error is detected, the application is effectively limited
       to guessing what the error might be if  it  wishes  to  continue	 using
       these functions.

       The  dbm_delete()  function  need  not  physically  reclaim file space,
       although it does make it available for reuse by the database.

       After calling dbm_store() or dbm_delete() during	 a  pass  through  the
       keys  by dbm_firstkey() and dbm_nextkey(), the application should reset
       the database by calling dbm_firstkey() before  again  calling  dbm_nex‐
       tkey(). The contents of these files are unspecified and may not be por‐
       table.

RATIONALE
       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       open() , the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <ndbm.h>

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in  electronic  form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),	The  Open  Group  Base
       Specifications  Issue  6,  Copyright  (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
       Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open  Group.  In  the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group  Standard
       is  the	referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
       at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2003		       DBM_CLEARERR(P)
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