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PROJ(1)						PROJ(1)

NAME
       cs2cs - cartographic coordinate system filter

SYNOPSIS
       cs2cs [ -eEfIlrstvwW [ args ] ] [ +opts[=arg] ]
	     [ +to [+opts[=arg]] ] file[s]

DESCRIPTION
       Cs2cs performs transformation between the source
       and destination cartographic  coordinate	 system
       on a set of input points.  The coordinate system
       transformation can include  translation	between
       projected  and geographic coordinates as well as
       the application of datum shifts.

       The following control parameters can  appear  in
       any order:

       -I     method  to  specify  inverse translation,
	      convert from +to coordinate system to the
	      primary coordinate system defined.

       -ta    A	 specifies  a character employed as the
	      first character to denote a control  line
	      to  be passed through without processing.
	      This option  applicable  to  ascii  input
	      only.  (# is the default value).

       -e string
	      String  is an arbitrary string to be out‐
	      put if an error is detected  during  data
	      transformations.	 The  default value is:
	      *\t*.  Note that if  the	-b,  -i	 or  -o
	      options	are   employed,	  an  error  is
	      returned	as  HUGE_VAL  value  for   both
	      return values.

       -E     causes the input coordinates to be copied
	      to the output line prior to printing  the
	      converted values.

       -l[p|P|=|e|u|d]id
	      List  projection identifiers with -l, -lp
	      or -lP (expanded) that  can  be  selected
	      with   +proj.    -l=id   gives   expanded
	      description  of  projection   id.	   List
	      ellipsoid	 identifiers with -le, that can
	      be selected  with	 +ellps,  -lu  list  of
	      cartesian	 to  meter  conversion	factors
	      that can be selected with +units	or  -ld
	      list  of datums that can be selected with
	      +datum.

       -r     This options reverses the	 order	of  the
	      expected input from longitude-latitude or
	      x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x.

       -s     This options reverses the	 order	of  the
	      output  from x-y or longitude-latitude to
	      y-x or latitude-longitude.

       -f format
	      Format is a printf format string to  con‐
	      trol  the form of the output values.  For
	      inverse projections, the output  will  be
	      in  degrees when this option is employed.
	      If a format is specified for inverse pro‐
	      jection  the output data will be in deci‐
	      mal  degrees.   The  default  format   is
	      "%.2f" for forward projection and DMS for
	      inverse.

       -[w|W]n
	      N is the number of significant fractional
	      digits to employ for seconds output (when
	      the  option  is  not  specified,	-w3  is
	      assumed).	 When -W is employed the fields
	      will be constant width and  with	leading
	      zeroes.

       -v     causes  a listing of cartographic control
	      parameters tested for  and  used	by  the
	      program  to  be  printed	prior  to input
	      data.

       The +args run-line arguments are associated with
       cartographic  parameters	 and  usage varies with
       projection and for a  complete  description  see
       Cartographic  Projection Procedures for the UNIX
       Environment—A User's Manual ) and  supplementary
       documentation for Release 4.

       The cs2cs program requires two coordinate system
       definitions.  The first (or primary  is	defined
       based on all projection parameters not appearing
       after the +to argument.	All projection	parame‐
       ters  appearing	after the +to argument are con‐
       sidered the definition of the second  coordinate
       system.	If there is no second coordinate system
       defined, a geographic coordinate system based on
       the datum and ellipsoid of the source coordinate
       system is assumed.  Note	 that  the  source  and
       destination  coordinate	system can both be pro‐
       jections, both be geographic, or one of each and
       may have the same or different datums.

       Additional  projection control parameters may be
       contained in two auxiliary  control  files:  the
       first   is   optionally	 referenced   with  the
       +init=file:id and the second is always processed
       after the name of the projection has been estab‐
       lished from either the run-line or the  contents
       of   +init   file.   The	 environment  parameter
       PROJ_LIB establishes the default directory for a
       file  reference	without an absolute path.  This
       is also used for	 supporting  files  like  datum
       shift files.

       One  or	more  files (processed in left to right
       order) specify the source of data to  be	 trans‐
       formed.	 A  - will specify the location of pro‐
       cessing standard input.	If no files are	 speci‐
       fied,  the  input  is  assumed to be from stdin.
       For input data the two data values  must	 be  in
       the  first  two white space separated fields and
       when both input and output are ASCII all	 trail‐
       ing  portions  of the input line are appended to
       the output line.

       Input geographic data (longitude	 and  latitude)
       must  be	 in DMS format and input cartesian data
       must be in units consistent with	 the  ellipsoid
       major  axis or sphere radius units.  Output geo‐
       graphic coordinates will be in DMS  (if	the  -w
       switch  is  not	employed) and precise to 0.001"
       with trailing, zero-valued minute-second	 fields
       deleted.

EXAMPLE
       The following script
	     cs2cs +proj=latlong +datum=NAD83
		   +to	+proj=utm +zone=10 +datum=NAD27
	    -r <<EOF
	     45d15'33.1"   111.5W
	     45d15.551666667N	-111d30
	     +45.25919444444	111d30'000w
	     EOF
       will transform the input NAD83 geographic  coor‐
       dinates	into  NAD27 coordinates in the UTM pro‐
       jection with zone 10 selected.	The  geographic
       values  of this example are equivalent and meant
       as examples of various forms of DMS input.   The
       x-y output data will appear as three lines of:
	     1402285.99	     5076292.42 0.000

SEE ALSO
       proj(1U),
       Cartographic  Projection Procedures for the UNIX
       Environment—A  User's  Manual,  (Evenden,  1990,
       Open-file report 90-284).
       Map  Projections	 Used  by  the U. S. Geological
       Survey (Snyder, 1984, USGS Bulletin 1532).
       Map Projections—A Working Manual (Snyder,  1988,
       USGS Prof. Paper 1395).
       An  Album  of Map Projections (Snyder & Voxland,
       1989, USGS Prof. Paper 1453).

HOME PAGE
       http://www.remotesensing.org/proj

		  2000/03/21 Rel. 4.4		PROJ(1)
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