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CRYPTO(9)		      BSD Kernel Manual			     CRYPTO(9)

NAME
     crypto - API for cryptographic services in the kernel

SYNOPSIS
     #include <crypto/cryptodev.h>

     int32_t
     crypto_get_driverid(u_int8_t);

     int
     crypto_register(u_int32_t, int *,
	     int (*)(u_int32_t *, struct cryptoini *), int (*)(u_int64_t),
	     int (*)(struct cryptop *));

     int
     crypto_kregister(u_int32_t, int *, int (*)(struct cryptkop *));

     int
     crypto_unregister(u_int32_t, int);

     void
     crypto_done(struct cryptop *);

     void
     crypto_kdone(struct cryptkop *);

     int
     crypto_newsession(u_int64_t *, struct cryptoini *, int);

     int
     crypto_freesession(u_int64_t);

     int
     crypto_dispatch(struct cryptop *);

     int
     crypto_kdispatch(struct cryptkop *);

     struct cryptop *
     crypto_getreq(int);

     void
     crypto_freereq(struct cryptop *);

     #define EALG_MAX_BLOCK_LEN	     16

     struct cryptoini {
	     int		cri_alg;
	     int		cri_klen;
	     int		cri_rnd;
	     caddr_t		cri_key;
	     u_int8_t		cri_iv[EALG_MAX_BLOCK_LEN];
	     struct cryptoini  *cri_next;
     };

     struct cryptodesc {
	     int		crd_skip;
	     int		crd_len;
	     int		crd_inject;
	     int		crd_flags;
	     struct cryptoini	CRD_INI;
	     struct cryptodesc *crd_next;
     };

     struct cryptop {
	     u_int64_t		crp_sid;
	     int		crp_ilen;
	     int		crp_olen;
	     int		crp_alloctype;
	     int		crp_etype;
	     int		crp_flags;
	     caddr_t		crp_buf;
	     caddr_t		crp_opaque;
	     struct cryptodesc *crp_desc;
	     int	      (*crp_callback)(struct cryptop *);
	     struct cryptop    *crp_next;
	     caddr_t		crp_mac;
     };

     struct crparam {
	     caddr_t	     crp_p;
	     u_int	     crp_nbits;
     };

     #define CRK_MAXPARAM    8

     struct cryptkop {
	     u_int		krp_op;		/* ie. CRK_MOD_EXP or other */
	     u_int		krp_status;	/* return status */
	     u_short		krp_iparams;	/* # of input parameters */
	     u_short		krp_oparams;	/* # of output parameters */
	     u_int32_t		krp_hid;
	     struct crparam	krp_param[CRK_MAXPARAM];       /* kvm */
	     int	       (*krp_callback)(struct cryptkop *);
	     struct cryptkop   *krp_next;
     };

DESCRIPTION
     crypto is a framework for drivers of cryptographic hardware to register
     with the kernel so "consumers" (other kernel subsystems, and eventually
     users through an appropriate device) are able to make use of it. Drivers
     register with the framework the algorithms they support, and provide en-
     try points (functions) the framework may call to establish, use, and tear
     down sessions. Sessions are used to cache cryptographic information in a
     particular driver (or associated hardware), so initialization is not
     needed with every request. Consumers of cryptographic services pass a set
     of descriptors that instruct the framework (and the drivers registered
     with it) of the operations that should be applied on the data (more than
     one cryptographic operation can be requested).

     Keying operations are supported as well. Unlike the symmetric operators
     described above, these sessionless commands perform mathematical opera-
     tions using input and output parameters.

     Since the consumers may not be associated with a process, drivers may not
     use tsleep(9). The same holds for the framework. Thus, a callback mechan-
     ism is used to notify a consumer that a request has been completed (the
     callback is specified by the consumer on an per-request basis). The call-
     back is invoked by the framework whether the request was successfully
     completed or not. An error indication is provided in the latter case. A
     specific error code, EAGAIN, is used to indicate that a session number
     has changed and that the request may be re-submitted immediately with the
     new session number. Errors are only returned to the invoking function if
     not enough information to call the callback is available (meaning, there
     was a fatal error in verifying the arguments). For session initialization
     and teardown there is no callback mechanism used.

     The crypto_newsession() routine is called by consumers of cryptographic
     services (such as the ipsec(4) stack) that wish to establish a new ses-
     sion with the framework. On success, the first argument will contain the
     Session Identifier (SID). The second argument contains all the necessary
     information for the driver to establish the session. The third argument
     indicates whether a hardware driver should be used (1) or not (0). The
     various fields in the cryptoini structure are:

     cri_alg	   Contains an algorithm identifier. Currently supported algo-
		   rithms are:

		   CRYPTO_DES_CBC
		   CRYPTO_3DES_CBC
		   CRYPTO_BLF_CBC
		   CRYPTO_CAST_CBC
		   CRYPTO_SKIPJACK_CBC
		   CRYPTO_MD5_HMAC
		   CRYPTO_SHA1_HMAC
		   CRYPTO_RIPEMD160_HMAC
		   CRYPTO_MD5_KPDK
		   CRYPTO_SHA1_KPDK
		   CRYPTO_AES_CBC
		   CRYPTO_ARC4
		   CRYPTO_MD5
		   CRYPTO_SHA1

     cri_klen	   Specifies the length of the key in bits, for variable-size
		   key algorithms.

     cri_rnd	   Specifies the number of rounds to be used with the algo-
		   rithm, for variable-round algorithms.

     cri_key	   Contains the key to be used with the algorithm.

     cri_iv	   Contains an explicit initialization vector (IV), if it does
		   not prefix the data. This field is ignored during initiali-
		   zation. If no IV is explicitly passed (see below on de-
		   tails), a random IV is used by the device driver processing
		   the request.

     cri_next	   Contains a pointer to another cryptoini structure. Multiple
		   such structures may be linked to establish multi-algorithm
		   sessions (ipsec(4) is an example consumer of such a
		   feature).

     The cryptoini structure and its contents will not be modified by the
     framework (or the drivers used). Subsequent requests for processing that
     use the SID returned will avoid the cost of re-initializing the hardware
     (in essence, SID acts as an index in the session cache of the driver).

     crypto_freesession() is called with the SID returned by
     crypto_newsession() to disestablish the session.

     crypto_dispatch() is called to process a request. The various fields in
     the cryptop structure are:

     crp_sid	    Contains the SID.

     crp_ilen	    Indicates the total length in bytes of the buffer to be
		    processed.

     crp_olen	    On return, contains the length of the result, not includ-
		    ing crd_skip. For symmetric crypto operations, this will
		    be the same as the input length.

     crp_alloctype  Indicates the type of buffer, as used in the kernel
		    malloc(9) routine. This will be used if the framework
		    needs to allocate a new buffer for the result (or for re-
		    formatting the input).

     crp_callback   This routine is invoked upon completion of the request,
		    whether successful or not. It is invoked through the
		    crypto_done() routine. If the request was not successful,
		    an error code is set in the crp_etype field. It is the
		    responsibility of the callback routine to set the ap-
		    propriate spl(9) level.

     crp_etype	    Contains the error type, if any errors were encountered,
		    or zero if the request was successfully processed. If the
		    EAGAIN error code is returned, the SID has changed (and
		    has been recorded in the crp_sid field). The consumer
		    should record the new SID and use it in all subsequent re-
		    quests. In this case, the request may be re-submitted im-
		    mediately. This mechanism is used by the framework to per-
		    form session migration (move a session from one driver to
		    another, because of availability, performance, or other
		    considerations).

		    Note that this field only makes sense when examined by the
		    callback routine specified in crp_callback. Errors are re-
		    turned to the invoker of crypto_process() only when enough
		    information is not present to call the callback routine
		    (i.e., if the pointer passed is NULL or if no callback
		    routine was specified).

     crp_flags	    Is a bitmask of flags associated with this request.
		    Currently defined flags are:

		    CRYPTO_F_IMBUF  The buffer pointed to by crp_buf is an
				    mbuf chain.

     crp_buf	    Points to the input buffer. On return (when the callback
		    is invoked), it contains the result of the request. The
		    input buffer may be an mbuf chain or a contiguous buffer
		    (of a type identified by crp_alloctype), depending on
		    crp_flags.

     crp_opaque	    This is passed through the crypto framework untouched and
		    is intended for the invoking application's use.

     crp_desc	    This is a linked list of descriptors. Each descriptor pro-
		    vides information about what type of cryptographic opera-
		    tion should be done on the input buffer. The various
		    fields are:

		    crd_skip
		      The offset in the input buffer where processing should
		      start.

		    crd_len
		      How many bytes, after crd_skip, should be processed.

		    crd_inject
		      Offset from the beginning of the buffer to insert any
		      results. For encryption algorithms, this is where the
		      initialization vector (IV) will be inserted when en-
		      crypting or where it can be found when decrypting (sub-
		      ject to crd_flags). For MAC algorithms, this is where
		      the result of the keyed hash will be inserted.

		    crd_flags
		      The following flags are defined:

		      CRD_F_ENCRYPT	 For encryption algorithms, this bit
					 is set when encryption is required
					 (when not set, decryption is per-
					 formed).

		      CRD_F_IV_PRESENT	 For encryption algorithms, this bit
					 is set when the IV already precedes
					 the data, so the crd_inject value
					 will be ignored and no IV will be
					 written in the buffer. Otherwise, the
					 IV used to encrypt the packet will be
					 written at the location pointed to by
					 crd_inject. The IV length is assumed
					 to be equal to the blocksize of the
					 encryption algorithm. Some applica-
					 tions that do special "IV cooking",
					 such as the half-IV mode in ipsec(4),
					 can use this flag to indicate that
					 the IV should not be written on the
					 packet. This flag is typically used
					 in conjunction with the
					 CRD_F_IV_EXPLICIT flag.

		      CRD_F_IV_EXPLICIT	 For encryption algorithms, this bit
					 is set when the IV is explicitly pro-
					 vided by the consumer in the crd_iv
					 fields. Otherwise, for encryption
					 operations the IV is provided for by
					 the driver used to perform the opera-
					 tion, whereas for decryption opera-
					 tions it is pointed to by the
					 crd_inject field. This flag is typi-
					 cally used when the IV is calculated
					 "on the fly" by the consumer, and
					 does not precede the data (some
					 ipsec(4) configurations, and the en-
					 crypted swap are two such examples).

		      CRD_F_COMP	 For compression algorithms, this bit
					 is set when compression is required
					 (when not set, decompression is per-
					 formed).

		    CRD_INI
		      This cryptoini structure will not be modified by the
		      framework or the device drivers. Since this information
		      accompanies every cryptographic operation request,
		      drivers may re-initialize state on-demand (typically an
		      expensive operation). Furthermore, the cryptographic
		      framework may re-route requests as a result of full
		      queues or hardware failure, as described above.

		    crd_next
		      Point to the next descriptor. Linked operations are use-
		      ful in protocols such as ipsec(4), where multiple cryp-
		      tographic transforms may be applied on the same block of
		      data.

     crypto_getreq() allocates a cryptop structure with a linked list of as
     many cryptodesc structures as were specified in the argument passed to
     it.

     crypto_freereq() deallocates a structure cryptop and any cryptodesc
     structures linked to it. Note that it is the responsibility of the call-
     back routine to do the necessary cleanups associated with the opaque
     field in the cryptop structure.

     crypto_kdispatch() is called to perform a keying operation. The various
     fields in the cryptkop structure are:

     krp_op	    Operation code, such as CRK_MOD_EXP.

     krp_status	    Return code. This errno-style variable indicates whether
		    there were lower level reasons for operation failure.

     krp_iparams    Number of input parameters to the specified operation.
		    Note that each operation has a (typically hardwired)
		    number of such parameters.

     krp_oparams    Number of output parameters from the specified operation.
		    Note that each operation has a (typically hardwired)
		    number of such parameters.

     krp_kvp	    An array of kernel memory blocks containing the parame-
		    ters.

     krp_hid	    Identifier specifying which low-level driver is being
		    used.

     krp_callback   Callback called on completion of a keying operation.

DRIVER-SIDE API
     The crypto_get_driverid(), crypto_register(), crypto_kregister(),
     crypto_unregister(), and crypto_done() routines are used by drivers that
     provide support for cryptographic primitives to register and unregister
     with the kernel crypto services framework. Drivers must first use the
     crypto_get_driverid() function to acquire a driver identifier, specifying
     the cc_flags as an argument (normally 0, but software-only drivers should
     specify CRYPTOCAP_F_SOFTWARE). For each algorithm the driver supports, it
     must then call crypto_register(). The first argument is the driver iden-
     tifier. The second argument is an array of CRYPTO_ALGORITHM_MAX + 1 ele-
     ments, indicating which algorithms are supported. The last three argu-
     ments are pointers to three driver-provided functions that the framework
     may call to establish new cryptographic context with the driver, free al-
     ready established context, and ask for a request to be processed (en-
     crypt, decrypt, etc.) crypto_unregister() is called by drivers that wish
     to withdraw support for an algorithm. The two arguments are the driver
     and algorithm identifiers, respectively. Typically, drivers for pcmcia(4)
     crypto cards that are being ejected will invoke this routine for all al-
     gorithms supported by the card. If called with CRYPTO_ALGORITHM_ALL, all
     algorithms registered for a driver will be unregistered in one go and the
     driver will be disabled (no new sessions will be allocated on that
     driver, and any existing sessions will be migrated to other drivers). The
     same will be done if all algorithms associated with a driver are unre-
     gistered one by one.

     The calling convention for the three driver-supplied routines is:

     int (*newsession) (u_int32_t *, struct cryptoini *);
     int (*freesession) (u_int64_t);
     int (*process) (struct cryptop *);
     int (*kprocess) (struct cryptkop *);

     On invocation, the first argument to newsession() contains the driver
     identifier obtained via crypto_get_driverid(). On successfully returning,
     it should contain a driver-specific session identifier. The second argu-
     ment is identical to that of crypto_newsession().

     The freesession() routine takes as argument the SID (which is the con-
     catenation of the driver identifier and the driver-specific session iden-
     tifier). It should clear any context associated with the session (clear
     hardware registers, memory, etc.).

     The process() routine is invoked with a request to perform crypto pro-
     cessing. This routine must not block, but should queue the request and
     return immediately. Upon processing the request, the callback routine
     should be invoked. In case of error, the error indication must be placed
     in the crp_etype field of the cryptop structure. When the request is com-
     pleted, or an error is detected, the process() routine should invoke
     crypto_done(). Session migration may be performed, as mentioned previous-
     ly.

     The kprocess() routine is invoked with a request to perform crypto key
     processing. This routine must not block, but should queue the request and
     return immediately. Upon processing the request, the callback routine
     should be invoked. In case of error, the error indication must be placed
     in the krp_status field of the cryptkop structure. When the request is
     completed, or an error is detected, the kprocess() routine should invoke
     crypto_kdone().

RETURN VALUES
     crypto_register(), crypto_kregister(), crypto_unregister(),
     crypto_newsession(), and crypto_freesession() return 0 on success, or an
     error code on failure. crypto_get_driverid() returns a non-negative value
     on error, and -1 on failure. crypto_getreq() returns a pointer to a
     cryptop structure and NULL on failure. crypto_dispatch() returns EINVAL
     if its argument or the callback function was NULL, and 0 otherwise. The
     callback is provided with an error code in case of failure, in the
     crp_etype field.

FILES
     sys/crypto/crypto.c  most of the framework code

SEE ALSO
     ipsec(4), pcmcia(4), malloc(9), tsleep(9)

HISTORY
     The cryptographic framework first appeared in OpenBSD 2.7 and was written
     by Angelos D. Keromytis <angelos@openbsd.org>.

BUGS
     The framework currently assumes that all the algorithms in a
     crypto_newsession() operation must be available by the same driver. If
     that's not the case, session initialization will fail.

     The framework also needs a mechanism for determining which driver is best
     for a specific set of algorithms associated with a session. Some type of
     benchmarking is in order here.

     Multiple instances of the same algorithm in the same session are not sup-
     ported. Note that 3DES is considered one algorithm (and not three in-
     stances of DES). Thus, 3DES and DES could be mixed in the same request.

     A queue for completed operations should be implemented and processed at
     some software spl(9) level, to avoid overall system latency issues, and
     potential kernel stack exhaustion while processing a callback.

     When SMP time comes, we will support use of a second processor (or more)
     as a crypto device (this is actually AMP, but we need the same basic sup-
     port).

MirOS BSD #10-current		April 21, 2000				     6
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