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CONNECT(3XNET)							CONNECT(3XNET)

NAME
       connect - connect a socket

SYNOPSIS
       cc [ flag ... ] file ... -lxnet [ library ... ]
       #include <sys/socket.h>

       int connect(int socket, const struct sockaddr *address,
	   socklen_t address_len);

DESCRIPTION
       The  connect()  function	 requests a connection to be made on a socket.
       The function takes the following arguments:

       socket
		      Specifies	 the  file  descriptor	associated  with   the
		      socket.

       address
		      Points  to  a  sockaddr  structure  containing  the peer
		      address.	The length and format of the address depend on
		      the address family of the socket.

       address_len
		      Specifies	 the  length of the sockaddr structure pointed
		      to by the address argument.

       If the socket has not already been bound to a local address,  connect()
       will  bind  it  to an address which, unless the socket's address family
       is AF_UNIX, is an unused local address.

       If the initiating socket is not connection-mode,	 then  connect()  sets
       the  socket's  peer address, but no connection is made.	For SOCK_DGRAM
       sockets, the peer address identifies where all datagrams	 are  sent  on
       subsequent  send(3XNET)	calls, and limits the remote sender for subse‐
       quent recv(3XNET) calls. If address is a null address for the protocol,
       the socket's peer address will be reset.

       If the initiating socket is connection-mode, then connect() attempts to
       establish a connection to the address specified by  the	address	 argu‐
       ment.

       If  the	connection cannot be established immediately and O_NONBLOCK is
       not set for the file descriptor for the socket,	connect()  will	 block
       for  up	to  an	unspecified  timeout  interval until the connection is
       established.  If the timeout interval expires before the connection  is
       established,  connect()	will  fail  and the connection attempt will be
       aborted.	 If connect() is interrupted by a signal that is caught	 while
       blocked	waiting to establish a connection, connect() will fail and set
       errno to EINTR, but the connection request will not be aborted, and the
       connection will be established asynchronously.

       If  the	connection cannot be established immediately and O_NONBLOCK is
       set for the file descriptor for the socket, connect() will fail and set
       errno  to  EINPROGRESS, but the connection request will not be aborted,
       and the connection will be established asynchronously. Subsequent calls
       to connect() for the same socket, before the connection is established,
       will fail and set errno to EALREADY.

       When the connection has been established asynchronously, select(3C) and
       poll(2)	will indicate that the file descriptor for the socket is ready
       for writing.

       The socket in use may require the process to  have  appropriate	privi‐
       leges to use the connect() function.

USAGE
       If  connect()  fails, the state of the socket is unspecified.  Portable
       applications should close the file descriptor and create a  new	socket
       before attempting to reconnect.

RETURN VALUES
       Upon  successful	 completion,  connect()	 returns  0.  Otherwise, −1 is
       returned and errno is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
       The connect() function will fail if:

       EADDRNOTAVAIL
			The specified address is not available from the	 local
			machine.

       EAFNOSUPPORT
			The  specified	address is not a valid address for the
			address family of the specified socket.

       EALREADY
			A connection request is already in  progress  for  the
			specified socket.

       EBADF
			The socket argument is not a valid file descriptor.

       ECONNREFUSED
			The  target  address was not listening for connections
			or refused the connection request.

       EFAULT
			The address parameter can not be accessed.

       EINPROGRESS
			O_NONBLOCK is set for  the  file  descriptor  for  the
			socket and the connection cannot be immediately estab‐
			lished;	 the  connection  will	be  established	 asyn‐
			chronously.

       EINTR
			The  attempt to establish a connection was interrupted
			by delivery of a signal that was caught;  the  connec‐
			tion will be established asynchronously.

       EISCONN
			The specified socket is connection-mode and is already
			connected.

       ENETUNREACH
			No route to the network is present.

       ENOTSOCK
			The socket argument does not refer to a socket.

       EPROTOTYPE
			The specified address has a different  type  than  the
			socket bound to the specified peer address.

       ETIMEDOUT
			The  attempt  to connect timed out before a connection
			was made.

       If the address family of the socket is  AF_UNIX,	 then  connect()  will
       fail if:

       EIO
		       An  I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to
		       the file system.

       ELOOP
		       Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating
		       the pathname in address.

       ENAMETOOLONG
		       A component of a pathname exceeded NAME_MAX characters,
		       or an entire pathname exceeded PATH_MAX characters.

       ENOENT
		       A component of the pathname does not name  an  existing
		       file or the pathname is an empty string.

       ENOTDIR
		       A  component  of	 the  path  prefix  of the pathname in
		       address is not a directory.

       The connect() function may fail if:

       EACCES
		       Search permission is denied for a component of the path
		       prefix; or write access to the named socket is denied.

       EADDRINUSE
		       Attempt	to  establish a connection that uses addresses
		       that are already in use.

       ECONNRESET
		       Remote host reset the connection request.

       EHOSTUNREACH
		       The  destination	 host  cannot  be  reached   (probably
		       because	the  host  is  down  or a remote router cannot
		       reach it).

       EINVAL
		       The address_len argument is not a valid length for  the
		       address	family;	 or invalid address family in sockaddr
		       structure.

       ENAMETOOLONG
		       Pathname resolution of  a  symbolic  link  produced  an
		       intermediate result whose length exceeds PATH_MAX.

       ENETDOWN
		       The  local  interface  used to reach the destination is
		       down.

       ENOBUFS
		       No buffer space is available.

       ENOSR
		       There were insufficient STREAMS resources available  to
		       complete the operation.

       EOPNOTSUPP
		       The socket is listening and can not be connected.

ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       ┌────────────────────┬─────────────────┐
       │  ATTRIBUTE TYPE    │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
       ├────────────────────┼─────────────────┤
       │Interface Stability │ Standard	      │
       ├────────────────────┼─────────────────┤
       │MT-Level	    │ MT-Safe	      │
       └────────────────────┴─────────────────┘

SEE ALSO
       close(2),   poll(2),  accept(3XNET),  bind(3XNET),  getsockname(3XNET),
       select(3C), send(3XNET), shutdown(3XNET), socket(3XNET), attributes(5),
       standards(5)

				 Jun 10, 2002			CONNECT(3XNET)
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