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CONNECT(3P)		   POSIX Programmer's Manual		   CONNECT(3P)

PROLOG
       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the	 corresponding
       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.

NAME
       connect - connect a socket

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/socket.h>

       int connect(int socket, const struct sockaddr *address,
	      socklen_t address_len);

DESCRIPTION
       The connect() function shall attempt to make a connection on a  socket.
       The function takes the following arguments:

       socket Specifies the file descriptor associated with the socket.

       address
	      Points to a sockaddr structure containing the peer address.  The
	      length and format of the address depend on the address family of
	      the socket.

       address_len
	      Specifies the length of the sockaddr structure pointed to by the
	      address argument.

       If the socket has not already been bound to a local address,  connect()
       shall  bind  it to an address which, unless the socket's address family
       is AF_UNIX, is an unused local address.

       If the initiating socket is not connection-mode, then  connect()	 shall
       set  the	 socket's  peer	 address,  and	no  connection	is  made.  For
       SOCK_DGRAM sockets, the peer address identifies where all datagrams are
       sent  on	 subsequent send() functions, and limits the remote sender for
       subsequent recv() functions. If address is a null address for the  pro‐
       tocol, the socket's peer address shall be reset.

       If  the	initiating  socket  is	connection-mode,  then connect() shall
       attempt to establish a connection  to  the  address  specified  by  the
       address	argument.  If the connection cannot be established immediately
       and O_NONBLOCK is not set for the file descriptor for the socket,  con‐
       nect()  shall block for up to an unspecified timeout interval until the
       connection is established. If the timeout interval expires  before  the
       connection  is  established,  connect()	shall  fail and the connection
       attempt shall be aborted. If connect() is interrupted by a signal  that
       is  caught  while  blocked waiting to establish a connection, connect()
       shall fail and set errno to [EINTR], but the connection	request	 shall
       not be aborted, and the connection shall be established asynchronously.

       If  the	connection cannot be established immediately and O_NONBLOCK is
       set for the file descriptor for the socket, connect()  shall  fail  and
       set  errno  to  [EINPROGRESS],  but the connection request shall not be
       aborted, and the connection shall be established asynchronously. Subse‐
       quent  calls to connect() for the same socket, before the connection is
       established, shall fail and set errno to [EALREADY].

       When the connection has been established asynchronously,	 select()  and
       poll()  shall indicate that the file descriptor for the socket is ready
       for writing.

       The socket in use may require the process to  have  appropriate	privi‐
       leges to use the connect() function.

RETURN VALUE
       Upon  successful	 completion,  connect()	 shall return 0; otherwise, -1
       shall be returned and errno set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
       The connect() function shall fail if:

       EADDRNOTAVAIL
	      The specified address is not available from the local machine.

       EAFNOSUPPORT
	      The specified address is not a valid  address  for  the  address
	      family of the specified socket.

       EALREADY
	      A	 connection  request  is already in progress for the specified
	      socket.

       EBADF  The socket argument is not a valid file descriptor.

       ECONNREFUSED
	      The target address was not listening for connections or  refused
	      the connection request.

       EINPROGRESS
	      O_NONBLOCK is set for the file descriptor for the socket and the
	      connection cannot be  immediately	 established;  the  connection
	      shall be established asynchronously.

       EINTR  The  attempt to establish a connection was interrupted by deliv‐
	      ery of a signal that was caught; the connection shall be	estab‐
	      lished asynchronously.

       EISCONN
	      The  specified  socket  is  connection-mode  and is already con‐
	      nected.

       ENETUNREACH
	      No route to the network is present.

       ENOTSOCK
	      The socket argument does not refer to a socket.

       EPROTOTYPE
	      The specified address has a different type than the socket bound
	      to the specified peer address.

       ETIMEDOUT
	      The attempt to connect timed out before a connection was made.

       If  the	address	 family of the socket is AF_UNIX, then connect() shall
       fail if:

       EIO    An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the  file
	      system.

       ELOOP  A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during resolution of
	      the pathname in address.

       ENAMETOOLONG
	      A component of a pathname exceeded {NAME_MAX} characters, or  an
	      entire pathname exceeded {PATH_MAX} characters.

       ENOENT A	 component  of	the pathname does not name an existing file or
	      the pathname is an empty string.

       ENOTDIR
	      A component of the path prefix of the pathname in address is not
	      a directory.

       The connect() function may fail if:

       EACCES Search  permission is denied for a component of the path prefix;
	      or write access to the named socket is denied.

       EADDRINUSE
	      Attempt to establish a connection that uses addresses  that  are
	      already in use.

       ECONNRESET
	      Remote host reset the connection request.

       EHOSTUNREACH
	      The  destination	host  cannot  be reached (probably because the
	      host is down or a remote router cannot reach it).

       EINVAL The address_len argument is not a valid length for  the  address
	      family; or invalid address family in the sockaddr structure.

       ELOOP  More  than  {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were encountered during
	      resolution of the pathname in address.

       ENAMETOOLONG
	      Pathname resolution of a symbolic link produced an  intermediate
	      result whose length exceeds {PATH_MAX}.

       ENETDOWN
	      The  local  network  interface  used to reach the destination is
	      down.

       ENOBUFS
	      No buffer space is available.

       EOPNOTSUPP
	      The socket is listening and cannot be connected.

       The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES
       None.

APPLICATION USAGE
       If connect() fails, the state of the socket is unspecified.  Conforming
       applications  should  close the file descriptor and create a new socket
       before attempting to reconnect.

RATIONALE
       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       accept(), bind(), close(),  getsockname(),  poll(),  select(),  send(),
       shutdown(),     socket(),    the	   Base	   Definitions	  volume    of
       IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <sys/socket.h>

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in  electronic  form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),	The  Open  Group  Base
       Specifications  Issue  6,  Copyright  (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
       Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open  Group.  In  the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group  Standard
       is  the	referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
       at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2003			   CONNECT(3P)
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