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CLANG(1)			     Clang			      CLANG(1)

NAME
       clang - the Clang C, C++, and Objective-C compiler

SYNOPSIS
       clang [options] filename …

DESCRIPTION
       clang  is  a C, C++, and Objective-C compiler which encompasses prepro‐
       cessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking.
       Depending  on  which high-level mode setting is passed, Clang will stop
       before doing a full link.  While Clang  is  highly  integrated,	it  is
       important to understand the stages of compilation, to understand how to
       invoke it.  These stages are:

       Driver The clang executable is actually a small driver  which  controls
	      the  overall  execution  of  other  tools	 such as the compiler,
	      assembler and linker.  Typically you do  not  need  to  interact
	      with  the	 driver, but you transparently use it to run the other
	      tools.

       Preprocessing
	      This stage handles tokenization of the input source file,	 macro
	      expansion, #include expansion and handling of other preprocessor
	      directives.  The output of this stage is typically called a “.i”
	      (for  C),	 “.ii”	(for  C++), “.mi” (for Objective-C), or “.mii”
	      (for Objective-C++) file.

       Parsing and Semantic Analysis
	      This stage  parses  the  input  file,  translating  preprocessor
	      tokens  into a parse tree.  Once in the form of a parse tree, it
	      applies semantic analysis to compute types  for  expressions  as
	      well  and	 determine whether the code is well formed. This stage
	      is responsible for generating most of the compiler  warnings  as
	      well  as	parse errors. The output of this stage is an “Abstract
	      Syntax Tree” (AST).

       Code Generation and Optimization
	      This stage translates an AST into	 low-level  intermediate  code
	      (known as “LLVM IR”) and ultimately to machine code.  This phase
	      is responsible for optimizing the generated  code	 and  handling
	      target-specific  code  generation.   The output of this stage is
	      typically called a “.s” file or “assembly” file.

	      Clang also supports the use of an integrated assembler, in which
	      the  code	 generator produces object files directly. This avoids
	      the overhead of generating the “.s” file and of calling the tar‐
	      get assembler.

       Assembler
	      This  stage runs the target assembler to translate the output of
	      the compiler into a target object file. The output of this stage
	      is typically called a “.o” file or “object” file.

       Linker This stage runs the target linker to merge multiple object files
	      into an executable or dynamic library. The output of this	 stage
	      is typically called an “a.out”, “.dylib” or “.so” file.

       Clang Static Analyzer

       The  Clang  Static  Analyzer is a tool that scans source code to try to
       find bugs through code analysis.	 This tool uses many  parts  of	 Clang
       and    is    built    into    the   same	  driver.    Please   see   <‐
       http://clang-analyzer.llvm.org> for more details	 on  how  to  use  the
       static analyzer.

OPTIONS
   Stage Selection Options
       -E     Run the preprocessor stage.

       -fsyntax-only
	      Run the preprocessor, parser and type checking stages.

       -S     Run the previous stages as well as LLVM generation and optimiza‐
	      tion stages and target-specific code  generation,	 producing  an
	      assembly file.

       -c     Run  all	of  the above, plus the assembler, generating a target
	      “.o” object file.

       no stage selection option
	      If no stage selection option is specified, all stages above  are
	      run,  and	 the linker is run to combine the results into an exe‐
	      cutable or shared library.

   Language Selection and Mode Options
       -x <language>
	      Treat subsequent input files as having type language.

       -std=<language>
	      Specify the language standard to compile for.

       -stdlib=<library>
	      Specify the C++ standard library to use; supported  options  are
	      libstdc++ and libc++.

       -ansi  Same as -std=c89.

       -ObjC, -ObjC++
	      Treat  source  input  files as Objective-C and Object-C++ inputs
	      respectively.

       -trigraphs
	      Enable trigraphs.

       -ffreestanding
	      Indicate that the file should be compiled	 for  a	 freestanding,
	      not a hosted, environment.

       -fno-builtin
	      Disable  special handling and optimizations of builtin functions
	      like strlen() and malloc().

       -fmath-errno
	      Indicate that math  functions  should  be	 treated  as  updating
	      errno.

       -fpascal-strings
	      Enable support for Pascal-style strings with “\pfoo”.

       -fms-extensions
	      Enable support for Microsoft extensions.

       -fmsc-version=
	      Set _MSC_VER. Defaults to 1300 on Windows. Not set otherwise.

       -fborland-extensions
	      Enable support for Borland extensions.

       -fwritable-strings
	      Make  all	 string	 literals  default to writable.	 This disables
	      uniquing of strings and other optimizations.

       -flax-vector-conversions
	      Allow loose type checking rules for implicit vector conversions.

       -fblocks
	      Enable the “Blocks” language feature.

       -fobjc-gc-only
	      Indicate that Objective-C code should  be	 compiled  in  GC-only
	      mode,  which  only  works when Objective-C Garbage Collection is
	      enabled.

       -fobjc-gc
	      Indicate that Objective-C code should be compiled	 in  hybrid-GC
	      mode, which works with both GC and non-GC mode.

       -fobjc-abi-version=version
	      Select  the  Objective-C	ABI version to use. Available versions
	      are 1 (legacy “fragile” ABI),  2	(non-fragile  ABI  1),	and  3
	      (non-fragile ABI 2).

       -fobjc-nonfragile-abi-version=<version>
	      Select  the  Objective-C	non-fragile  ABI  version  to  use  by
	      default. This will only be used as the Objective-C ABI when  the
	      non-fragile ABI is enabled (either via -fobjc-nonfragile-abi, or
	      because it is the platform default).

       -fobjc-nonfragile-abi, -fno-objc-nonfragile-abi
	      Enable use of the Objective-C non-fragile ABI. On platforms  for
	      which  this  is  the  default  ABI,  it  can  be	disabled  with
	      -fno-objc-nonfragile-abi.

   Target Selection Options
       Clang fully supports cross compilation  as  an  inherent	 part  of  its
       design.	 Depending  on how your version of Clang is configured, it may
       have support for a number of cross compilers, or	 may  only  support  a
       native target.

       -arch <architecture>
	      Specify the architecture to build for.

       -mmacosx-version-min=<version>
	      When  building  for  Mac	OS X, specify the minimum version sup‐
	      ported by your application.

       -miphoneos-version-min
	      When building for iPhone OS, specify the	minimum	 version  sup‐
	      ported by your application.

       -march=<cpu>
	      Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor
	      family  member  and  later.   For	 example,   if	 you   specify
	      -march=i486,  the	 compiler  is allowed to generate instructions
	      that are valid on i486 and later processors, but which  may  not
	      exist on earlier ones.

   Code Generation Options
       -O0, -O1, -O2, -O3, -Ofast, -Os, -Oz, -O, -O4
	      Specify which optimization level to use:
		 -O0  Means “no optimization”: this level compiles the fastest
		 and generates the most debuggable code.

		 -O1 Somewhere between -O0 and -O2.

		 -O2 Moderate level of optimization which enables  most	 opti‐
		 mizations.

		 -O3  Like -O2, except that it enables optimizations that take
		 longer to perform or that may generate	 larger	 code  (in  an
		 attempt to make the program run faster).

		 -Ofast	 Enables  all  the  optimizations  from -O3 along with
		 other aggressive optimizations that may violate  strict  com‐
		 pliance with language standards.

		 -Os Like -O2 with extra optimizations to reduce code size.

		 -Oz Like -Os (and thus -O2), but reduces code size further.

		 -O Equivalent to -O2.

		 -O4 and higher
		     Currently equivalent to -O3

       -g, -gline-tables-only, -gmodules
	      Control  debug information output.  Note that Clang debug infor‐
	      mation works best at -O0.	 When more than	 one  option  starting
	      with -g is specified, the last one wins:
		 -g Generate debug information.

		 -gline-tables-only  Generate  only  line table debug informa‐
		 tion. This allows for symbolicated backtraces	with  inlining
		 information, but does not include any information about vari‐
		 ables, their locations or types.

		 -gmodules Generate debug information that  contains  external
		 references  to	 types defined in Clang modules or precompiled
		 headers instead of emitting redundant debug type  information
		 into  every  object file.  This option transparently switches
		 the Clang module format to object file containers  that  hold
		 the  Clang  module together with the debug information.  When
		 compiling a program that uses Clang  modules  or  precompiled
		 headers, this option produces complete debug information with
		 faster compile times and much smaller object files.

		 This option should not be used when building static libraries
		 for  distribution  to	other  machines because the debug info
		 will contain references to the module cache  on  the  machine
		 the object files in the library were built on.

       -fstandalone-debug -fno-standalone-debug
	      Clang  supports  a number of optimizations to reduce the size of
	      debug information in the binary. They work based on the  assump‐
	      tion that the debug type information can be spread out over mul‐
	      tiple compilation units.	For instance, Clang will not emit type
	      definitions  for types that are not needed by a module and could
	      be replaced with a forward  declaration.	 Further,  Clang  will
	      only  emit  type info for a dynamic C++ class in the module that
	      contains the vtable for the class.

	      The -fstandalone-debug option  turns  off	 these	optimizations.
	      This  is useful when working with 3rd-party libraries that don’t
	      come with debug information.  This is  the  default  on  Darwin.
	      Note  that Clang will never emit type information for types that
	      are not referenced at all by the program.

       -fexceptions
	      Enable generation of unwind information. This allows  exceptions
	      to be thrown through Clang compiled stack frames.	 This is on by
	      default in x86-64.

       -ftrapv
	      Generate code to catch integer overflow errors.  Signed  integer
	      overflow is undefined in C. With this flag, extra code is gener‐
	      ated to detect this and abort when it happens.

       -fvisibility
	      This flag sets the default visibility level.

       -fcommon, -fno-common
	      This flag specifies that variables without initializers get com‐
	      mon linkage.  It can be disabled with -fno-common.

       -ftls-model=<model>
	      Set  the	default	 thread-local  storage	(TLS) model to use for
	      thread-local  variables.	Valid  values  are:  “global-dynamic”,
	      “local-dynamic”, “initial-exec” and “local-exec”. The default is
	      “global-dynamic”. The default model can be overridden  with  the
	      tls_model	 attribute.  The  compiler  will  try to choose a more
	      efficient model if possible.

       -flto, -emit-llvm
	      Generate output files in LLVM formats, suitable  for  link  time
	      optimization.   When used with -S this generates LLVM intermedi‐
	      ate language assembly files, otherwise this generates LLVM  bit‐
	      code  format  object  files  (which  may be passed to the linker
	      depending on the stage selection options).

   Driver Options
       -###   Print (but do not run) the commands to run for this compilation.

       --help Display available options.

       -Qunused-arguments
	      Do not emit any warnings for unused driver arguments.

       -Wa,<args>
	      Pass the comma separated arguments in args to the assembler.

       -Wl,<args>
	      Pass the comma separated arguments in args to the linker.

       -Wp,<args>
	      Pass the comma separated arguments in args to the preprocessor.

       -Xanalyzer <arg>
	      Pass arg to the static analyzer.

       -Xassembler <arg>
	      Pass arg to the assembler.

       -Xlinker <arg>
	      Pass arg to the linker.

       -Xpreprocessor <arg>
	      Pass arg to the preprocessor.

       -o <file>
	      Write output to file.

       -print-file-name=<file>
	      Print the full library path of file.

       -print-libgcc-file-name
	      Print the library path for “libgcc.a”.

       -print-prog-name=<name>
	      Print the full program path of name.

       -print-search-dirs
	      Print the paths used for finding libraries and programs.

       -save-temps
	      Save intermediate compilation results.

       -integrated-as, -no-integrated-as
	      Used to enable and disable, respectively, the use of  the	 inte‐
	      grated  assembler.  Whether  the	integrated  assembler is on by
	      default is target dependent.

       -time  Time individual commands.

       -ftime-report
	      Print timing summary of each stage of compilation.

       -v     Show commands to run and use verbose output.

   Diagnostics Options
       -fshow-column, -fshow-source-location, -fcaret-diagnostics,  -fdiagnos‐
       tics-fixit-info,	      -fdiagnostics-parseable-fixits,	    -fdiagnos‐
       tics-print-source-range-info,   -fprint-source-range-info,   -fdiagnos‐
       tics-show-option, -fmessage-length
	      These  options  control  how  Clang prints out information about
	      diagnostics (errors and warnings). Please see the	 Clang	User’s
	      Manual for more information.

   Preprocessor Options
       -D<macroname>=<value>
	      Adds  an	implicit  #define  into the predefines buffer which is
	      read before the source file is preprocessed.

       -U<macroname>
	      Adds an implicit #undef into the predefines buffer which is read
	      before the source file is preprocessed.

       -include <filename>
	      Adds  an	implicit  #include into the predefines buffer which is
	      read before the source file is preprocessed.

       -I<directory>
	      Add the specified directory  to  the  search  path  for  include
	      files.

       -F<directory>
	      Add  the	specified  directory  to the search path for framework
	      include files.

       -nostdinc
	      Do not  search  the  standard  system  directories  or  compiler
	      builtin directories for include files.

       -nostdlibinc
	      Do not search the standard system directories for include files,
	      but do search compiler builtin include directories.

       -nobuiltininc
	      Do not search clang’s builtin directory for include files.

ENVIRONMENT
       TMPDIR, TEMP, TMP
	      These environment variables are checked, in order, for the loca‐
	      tion  to	write  temporary  files	 used  during  the compilation
	      process.

       CPATH  If this environment variable is present,	it  is	treated	 as  a
	      delimited	 list  of  paths  to  be  added	 to the default system
	      include path list.  The  delimiter  is  the  platform  dependent
	      delimiter, as used in the PATH environment variable.

	      Empty components in the environment variable are ignored.

       C_INCLUDE_PATH,	   OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH,	  CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH,	 OBJC‐
       PLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
	      These environment variables specify  additional  paths,  as  for
	      CPATH,  which are only used when processing the appropriate lan‐
	      guage.

       MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET
	      If -mmacosx-version-min is unspecified, the  default  deployment
	      target  is read from this environment variable. This option only
	      affects Darwin targets.

BUGS
       To report bugs, please visit <http://llvm.org/bugs/>.  Most bug reports
       should  include	preprocessed  source files (use the -E option) and the
       full output of the compiler, along with information to reproduce.

SEE ALSO
       as(1), ld(1)

AUTHOR
       Maintained by the Clang / LLVM Team (<http://clang.llvm.org>)

COPYRIGHT
       2007-2017, The Clang Team

3.9				 Dec 22, 2017			      CLANG(1)
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