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ciphers(1ssl)							 ciphers(1ssl)

NAME
       ciphers - SSL cipher display and cipher list tool

SYNOPSIS
       openssl ciphers [-ssl2] [-ssl3] [-tls1] [-cipherlist]

OPTIONS
       Verbose	option.	 Lists ciphers with a complete description of protocol
       version (SSLv2 or  SSLv3;  the  latter  includes	 TLS),	key  exchange,
       authentication,	encryption  and mac algorithms used along with any key
       size restrictions and whether the algorithm is  classed	as  an	export
       cipher.	Without	 the  -v option, ciphers may seem to appear twice in a
       cipher list; this is when similar ciphers are available for SSL v2  and
       for  SSL	 v3/TLS v1.  Only include SSL v3 ciphers.  Only include SSL v2
       ciphers.	 Only include TLS v1 ciphers.  Prints a brief  usage  message.
       A  cipher  list	to  convert  to a cipher preference list. If it is not
       included then the default cipher list will be used.

   CIPHER LIST FORMAT
       The cipher list consists of one or more	cipher	strings	 separated  by
       colons.	Commas or spaces are also acceptable separators but colons are
       normally used.

       The actual cipher string can take several different forms.

       It can consist of a single cipher suite such as RC4-SHA.

       It can represent a list of cipher suites	 containing  a	certain	 algo‐
       rithm,  or cipher suites of a certain type. For example SHA1 represents
       all ciphers suites using the digest algorithm SHA1,  and	 SSLv3	repre‐
       sents all SSL v3 algorithms.

       Lists  of cipher suites can be combined in a single cipher string using
       the + character. This is used as a logical and operation.  For  example
       SHA1+DES	 represents  all cipher suites containing the SHA1 and the DES
       algorithms.

       Each cipher string can be optionally preceded by the characters !, - or
       +.

       If  !   is used then the ciphers are permanently deleted from the list.
       The ciphers deleted can never reappear in the list  even	 if  they  are
       explicitly stated.

       If  -  is  used then the ciphers are deleted from the list, but some or
       all of the ciphers can be added again by later options.

       If + is used then the ciphers are moved to the end of  the  list.  This
       option  doesn't	add  any  new  ciphers it just moves matching existing
       ones.

       If none of these characters is present then the string is  just	inter‐
       preted  as  a  list of ciphers to be appended to the current preference
       list. If the list includes any ciphers already  present	they  will  be
       ignored; that is, they will not move to the end of the list.

       Additionally  the  cipher  string @STRENGTH can be used at any point to
       sort the current cipher list  in	 order	of  encryption	algorithm  key
       length.

   CIPHER STRINGS
       Following is a list of all permitted cipher strings and their meanings.
       The default cipher list. This is determined at compile time and is nor‐
       mally  ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+SSLv2:@STRENGTH. This must be the first cipher
       string specified.  All cipher suites except  the	 eNULL	ciphers	 which
       must  be explicitly enabled.  Hiigh encryption cipher suites. This cur‐
       rently means those with key lengths  larger   than  128	bits.	Medium
       encryption  cipher  suites,  currently  those using 128 bit encryption.
       Low encryption cipher suites,  currently	 those	using  64  or  56  bit
       encryption  algorithms	but  excluding	export	cipher suites.	Export
       encryption algorithms. Including 40 and 56  bits	 algorithms.   40  bit
       export  encryption  algorithms.	 56  bit export encryption algorithms.
       The NULL ciphers, that is those offering no encryption.	Because	 these
       offer  no  encryption  at all and are a security risk they are disabled
       unless explicitly included.  The cipher suites offering no  authentica‐
       tion.  This  is	currently  the	anonymous  DH algorithms. These cipher
       suites are vulnerable to a “man in the middle” attack, and so their use
       is normally discouraged.	 Cipher suites using RSA key exchange.	Cipher
       suites using ephemeral DH key agreement.	 Cipher suites	using  DH  key
       agreement  and  DH  certificates	 signed	 by  CAs with RSA and DSS keys
       respectively. Not implemented.  Cipher suites using RSA authentication,
       i.e.  the certificates carry RSA keys.  Cipher suites using DSS authen‐
       tication, i.e. the certificates carry DSS keys.	Cipher	suites	effec‐
       tively  using  DH  authentication, i.e. the certificates carry DH keys.
       Not implemented.	 Cipher suites using FORTEZZA key exchange,  authenti‐
       cation,	encryption  or	all FORTEZZA algorithms. Not implemented.  TLS
       v1.0, SSL v3.0 or SSL v2.0 cipher suites respectively.	Cipher	suites
       using  DH, including anonymous DH.  Anonymous DH cipher suites.	Cipher
       suites using triple DES.	 Cipher suites using  DES  (not	 triple	 DES).
       Cipher suites using RC4.	 Cipher suites using RC2.  Cipher suites using
       IDEA.  Cipher suites using MD5.	Cipher suites using SHA1.

   CIPHER SUITE NAMES
       The following lists give the SSL or TLS cipher suites  names  from  the
       relevant specification and their OpenSSL equivalents.

       SSL v3.0 cipher suites

	SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5			NULL-MD5
	SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA			NULL-SHA
	SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5		EXP-RC4-MD5
	SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5		RC4-MD5
	SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA		RC4-SHA
	SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5	EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5
	SSL_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA		IDEA-CBC-SHA
	SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	EXP-DES-CBC-SHA
	SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		DES-CBC-SHA
	SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA		DES-CBC3-SHA

	SSL_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	Not implemented.
	SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		Not implemented.
	SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA	Not implemented.
	SSL_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	Not implemented.
	SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		Not implemented.
	SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA	Not implemented.
	SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
	SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA
	SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA	EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA
	SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
	SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
	SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA	EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA

	SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5	EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5
	SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5		ADH-RC4-MD5
	SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
	SSL_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
	SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA	ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA

	SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_NULL_SHA		Not implemented.
	SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_FORTEZZA_CBC_SHA	Not implemented.
	SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA	Not implemented.

       TLS v1.0 cipher suites

	TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5			NULL-MD5
	TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA			NULL-SHA
	TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5		EXP-RC4-MD5
	TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5		RC4-MD5
	TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA		RC4-SHA
	TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5	EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5
	TLS_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA		IDEA-CBC-SHA
	TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	EXP-DES-CBC-SHA
	TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		DES-CBC-SHA
	TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA		DES-CBC3-SHA

	TLS_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	Not implemented.
	TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		Not implemented.
	TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA	Not implemented.
	TLS_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	Not implemented.
	TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		Not implemented.
	TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA	Not implemented.
	TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
	TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA
	TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA	EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA
	TLS_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
	TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
	TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA	EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA

	TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5	EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5
	TLS_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5		ADH-RC4-MD5
	TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA	EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
	TLS_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA		ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
	TLS_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA	ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA

       Additional Export 1024 and other cipher suites

       These ciphers can also be used in SSL v3.
	TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA	EXP1024-DES-CBC-SHA
	TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA	EXP1024-RC4-SHA
	TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
	TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA	EXP1024-DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA
	TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_RC4_128_SHA		DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA

       SSL v2.0 cipher suites.

	SSL_CK_RC4_128_WITH_MD5			RC4-MD5
	SSL_CK_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5	EXP-RC4-MD5
	SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_WITH_MD5		RC2-MD5
	SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5	EXP-RC2-MD5
	SSL_CK_IDEA_128_CBC_WITH_MD5		IDEA-CBC-MD5
	SSL_CK_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5		DES-CBC-MD5
	SSL_CK_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5	DES-CBC3-MD5

DESCRIPTION
       The  cipherlist	command converts OpenSSL cipher lists into ordered SSL
       cipher preference lists. It can be used as a test tool to determine the
       appropriate cipherlist.

NOTES
       The  non-ephemeral  DH  modes  are  currently  unimplemented in OpenSSL
       because there is no support for DH certificates.

       Some compiled versions of OpenSSL  may  not  include  all  the  ciphers
       listed here because some ciphers were excluded at compile time.

EXAMPLES
       Verbose listing of all OpenSSL ciphers including NULL ciphers:
	openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:eNULL'

       Include all ciphers except NULL and anonymous DH then sort by strength:
	openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:!ADH:@STRENGTH'

       Include only 3DES ciphers and then place RSA ciphers last:
	openssl ciphers -v '3DES:+RSA'

SEE ALSO
       Commands: s_client(1ssl), s_server(1ssl)

       Functions: ssl(3)

								 ciphers(1ssl)
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