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CHGRP(1P)		   POSIX Programmer's Manual		     CHGRP(1P)

PROLOG
       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the	 corresponding
       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.

NAME
       chgrp - change the file group ownership

SYNOPSIS
       chgrp [-hR] group file ...

       chgrp -R [-H | -L | -P ] group file ...

DESCRIPTION
       The chgrp utility shall set the group ID of the file named by each file
       operand to the group ID specified by the group operand.

       For  each file operand, or, if the -R option is used, each file encoun‐
       tered while walking the directory trees specified by the file operands,
       the chgrp utility shall perform actions equivalent to the chown() func‐
       tion defined in the System Interfaces volume  of	 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
       called with the following arguments:

	* The file operand shall be used as the path argument.

	* The user ID of the file shall be used as the owner argument.

	* The specified group ID shall be used as the group argument.

       Unless  chgrp  is invoked by a process with appropriate privileges, the
       set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of a regular file  shall  be  cleared
       upon  successful	 completion;  the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of
       other file types may be cleared.

OPTIONS
       The chgrp utility shall conform	to  the	 Base  Definitions  volume  of
       IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.

       The following options shall be supported by the implementation:

       -h     If  the  system  supports group IDs for symbolic links, for each
	      file operand that names a file  of  type	symbolic  link,	 chgrp
	      shall  attempt  to set the group ID of the symbolic link instead
	      of the file referenced by the symbolic link. If the system  does
	      not  support group IDs for symbolic links, for each file operand
	      that names a file of type symbolic link, chgrp shall do  nothing
	      more  with  the  current	file  and shall go on to any remaining
	      files.

       -H     If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link referencing  a
	      file  of	type directory is specified on the command line, chgrp
	      shall change the group of the directory referenced by  the  sym‐
	      bolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below it.

       -L     If  the -R option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a
	      file of type directory is	 specified  on	the  command  line  or
	      encountered  during  the	traversal  of  a file hierarchy, chgrp
	      shall change the group of the directory referenced by  the  sym‐
	      bolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below it.

       -P     If  the  -R option is specified and a symbolic link is specified
	      on the command line or encountered during	 the  traversal	 of  a
	      file  hierarchy, chgrp shall change the group ID of the symbolic
	      link if the system supports this operation.  The	chgrp  utility
	      shall not follow the symbolic link to any other part of the file
	      hierarchy.

       -R     Recursively change file group IDs. For each  file	 operand  that
	      names a directory, chgrp shall change the group of the directory
	      and all files in the file hierarchy below it. Unless a  -H,  -L,
	      or  -P  option  is  specified,  it is unspecified which of these
	      options will be used as the default.

       Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options -H, -L,  and
       -P  shall  not be considered an error.  The last option specified shall
       determine the behavior of the utility.

OPERANDS
       The following operands shall be supported:

       group  A group name from the group database  or	a  numeric  group  ID.
	      Either  specifies	 a  group ID to be given to each file named by
	      one of the file operands. If a numeric group operand  exists  in
	      the  group database as a group name, the group ID number associ‐
	      ated with that group name is used as the group ID.

       file   A pathname of a file whose group ID is to be modified.

STDIN
       Not used.

INPUT FILES
       None.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       The following environment  variables  shall  affect  the	 execution  of
       chgrp:

       LANG   Provide  a  default value for the internationalization variables
	      that are unset or null. (See  the	 Base  Definitions  volume  of
	      IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section  8.2,  Internationalization Vari‐
	      ables for the precedence of internationalization variables  used
	      to determine the values of locale categories.)

       LC_ALL If  set  to a non-empty string value, override the values of all
	      the other internationalization variables.

       LC_CTYPE
	      Determine the locale for	the  interpretation  of	 sequences  of
	      bytes  of	 text  data as characters (for example, single-byte as
	      opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).

       LC_MESSAGES
	      Determine the locale that should be used to  affect  the	format
	      and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.

       NLSPATH
	      Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of
	      LC_MESSAGES .

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
       Default.

STDOUT
       Not used.

STDERR
       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OUTPUT FILES
       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
       None.

EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values shall be returned:

	0     The utility executed successfully and all requested changes were
	      made.

       >0     An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
       Default.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE
       Only  the  owner	 of a file or the user with appropriate privileges may
       change the owner or group of a file.

       Some implementations restrict the use of chgrp to a user with appropri‐
       ate  privileges	when the group specified is not the effective group ID
       or one of the supplementary group IDs of the calling process.

EXAMPLES
       None.

RATIONALE
       The System V and BSD versions use different  exit  status  codes.  Some
       implementations used the exit status as a count of the number of errors
       that occurred; this practice is unworkable since it  can	 overflow  the
       range  of  valid	 exit  status values. The standard developers chose to
       mask these by specifying only 0 and >0 as exit values.

       The functionality of chgrp is described	substantially  through	refer‐
       ences  to  chown().  In	this  way,  there  is no duplication of effort
       required for  describing	 the  interactions  of	permissions,  multiple
       groups, and so on.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       chmod(), chown(), the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
       chown()

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in  electronic  form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),	The  Open  Group  Base
       Specifications  Issue  6,  Copyright  (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
       Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open  Group.  In  the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group  Standard
       is  the	referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
       at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2003			     CHGRP(1P)
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