CDRDAO(1)CDRDAO(1)NAMEcdrdao - writes audio CD-Rs in disc-at-once mode
SYNOPSIScdrdao {show-toc|read-toc|read-cd|read-cddb|show-
data|read-test|disk-info|msinfo|unlock|simu
late|write|copy} [--device device] [--source-device
device] [--driver driver-id] [--source-driver driver-id]
[--simulate] [--speed writing-speed] [--datafile file]
[--read-raw] [--tao-source] [--tao-source-adjust link-
blocks] [--fast-toc] [--buffers buffer-count] [--multi]
[--overburn] [--eject] [--swap] [--session] [--force]
[--reload] [--keepimage] [--on-the-fly] [--paranoia-mode
mode] [--with-cddb] [--cddb-servers server-list] [--cddb-
timeout timeout] [--cddb-directory directory] [--save]
[-n] [-v verbose-level] toc-file
DESCRIPTIONcdrdao creates audio and data CD-Rs in disk-at-once (DAO)
mode driven by a description file called toc-file. In DAO
mode it is possible to create non standard track pre-gaps
that have other lengths than 2 seconds and contain nonzero
audio data. This is for example useful to divide live
recordings into tracks where 2 second gaps would be kind
of irritating.
Instead of a toc-file a cue file (used by a famous
DOS/Windows mastering tool) may be used. See the CUE FILES
section for more details.
COMMANDS
The first argument must be one of the following commands:
show-toc
Print out a summary about what will be written to
the CD-R.
read-toc
Analyze each track of the inserted CD and create a
toc-file that can be used to make a more or less
exact copy of the CD. This command does not read
out the audio or data tracks, use read-cd for this
purpose.
You can specify a filename for the data file via
the --datafile option.
read-cd
Copies all tracks of the inserted CD to an image
file and creates a corresponding toc-file. The
name of the image file defaults to "data.bin" if no
--datafile option is given.
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read-cddb
Tries to retrieve title and artist data from a CDDB
server for the CD represented by the given toc-
file. The retrieved data is added as CD-TEXT data
for language 0 to the toc-file. Existing CD-TEXT
data for language 0 will be overwritten.
show-data
Print out all samples that would be written to the
CD-R. Each line contains the sample number (start
ing at 0) and the decimal sample value for the left
and right channel. Useful to check if the byte
order of audio files is correct.
read-test
Check if all data can be read from the audio files
that are defined in the toc-file. This will also
check the communication with the slave process that
is responsible for writing the audio data to the
CD-recorder. Mainly used for testing.
disk-info
Shows information about the inserted CD-R. If the
CD-R has an open session it will also print the
start of the last and current session which is used
by mkisofs to create an image for a second or
higher session.
msinfo Shows information required for creating multi ses
sion disks with mkisofs. The output is meant for
processing by scripts.
unlock Tries to unlock the recorder device after a failed
write or simulation run. If you cannot eject the CD
after a cdrdao run try this command.
simulate
Like write but laser stays cold. It is a shortcut
for write--simulate.
write Write the CD-R according to the specifications in
the toc-file.
copy Performs all steps to copy a CD. The device con
taining the source CD must be specified with option
--source-device and the recorder device with option
--device. If only a single device is available the
option --source-device must be omitted and cdrdao
will prompt to insert the CD-R after an image of
the source CD was created.
The image file with name "cddata<pid>.bin" will be
created in the current working directory if no
--datafile option is given. The created image will
Apr 29, 2001 2
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be removed after it has been written.
If option --on-the-fly is given no image file is
created and the data will be directly piped from
the reading device to the CD recorder.
OPTIONS--device bus,id,lun
Sets the SCSI address of the CD-recorder in form of
a bus/id/lun triple, e.g. '0,2,0' for the logical
unit 0 of SCSI device with ID 2 on bus 0. On some
systems a device node may be specified directly,
e.g. '/dev/sg0' on Linux systems.
--source-device bus,id,lun
Like above but used for the copy command to specify
the source device.
--driver driver-id:option-flags
Force usage of specified driver instead of the
automatically determined driver. Available driver
IDs:
cdd2600, plextor, plextor-scan, generic-mmc,
generic-mmc-raw, ricoh-mp6200, yamaha-cdr10x, teac-
cdr55, sony-cdu920, sony-cdu948, taiyo-yuden,
toshiba.
Specifying an illegal driver ID will give a list of
available drivers. Option flags may be used to
modify the behavior of some drivers. See README for
details.
--source-driver driver-id:option-flags
Like above but used for the device specified with
option --source-device.
--speed value
Set the writing speed to value. Default is the
highest possible speed.
--datafile file
Used for read-toc,read-cd and copy. Set the
default data file placed in the toc-file by read-
toc.Use-toindicateSTDIN. For commands read-cd and
copy it specifies the name of the created image
file.
--read-raw
Only used for command read-cd. All data sectors
will be written as 2352 byte blocks including the
sector header and L-EC data to the image file. The
track mode will be set to MODE1_RAW or MODE2_RAW in
the created toc-file.
Apr 29, 2001 3
CDRDAO(1)CDRDAO(1)--tao-source
This option indicates to the commands read-toc and
read-cd that the source CD was written in TAO mode.
It will be assumed that the pre-gap length between
all tracks (except between two audio tracks) is the
standard 150 blocks plus the number of link blocks
(usually 2). The number of link blocks can be con
trolled with option --tao-source-adjust.
Use this option only if read-toc or read-cd give
error messages in the transition areas between two
tracks. If you use this option with pressed CDs or
CDs written in DAO mode you will get wrong results.
--tao-source-adjust link-blocks
Specifies the number of link blocks for tracks
written in TAO mode. This option has only an effect
if option --tao-source is given.
--fast-toc
Only used for command read-toc. This option sup
presses the pre-gap length and index mark extrac
tion which speeds up the read-toc process. Standard
2 second pre-gaps (but no silence!) will be placed
into the toc-file. The resulting CD will sound like
the source CD. Only the CD player's display will
behave slightly different in the transition area
between two tracks.
This option might help, too, if read-toc fails with
your drive otherwise.
--buffers buffer-count
Specifies the number of buffers that are allocated
to avoid buffer under runs. The minimal buffer
count is fixed to 10, default is 32 except on
FreeBSD systems, on which default is 20. Each
buffer holds 1 second of audio data so that divid
ing buffer-count by the writing speed gives the
maximum time for which reading of audio data may be
stalled.
--multi
If this option is given the session will not be
closed after the audio data is successfully writ
ten. It is possible to append another session on
such disks, e.g. to create a CD-EXTRA.
--overburn
By default cdrdao will not allow to write more data
on a medium than specified by the current medium.
This option allows to ignore this condition.
Apr 29, 2001 4
CDRDAO(1)CDRDAO(1)--eject
Eject the CD-R after writing or write simulation.
--swap Swap the byte order of all samples that are send to
the CD-recorder.
--session session-nr
Used for read-toc and read-cd to specify the ses
sion which should be processed on multi session
CDs.
--reload
Indicates that the tray may be opened before writ
ing without prompting the user to reset the disk
status after a simulation run.
--force
Forces the execution of an operation that otherwise
would not be performed.
--paranoia-mode mode
Sets the correction mode for digital audio extrac
tion. 0: No checking, data is copied directly from
the drive. 1: Perform overlapped reading to avoid
jitter. 2: Like 1 but with additional checks of the
read audio data. 3: Like 2 but with additional
scratch detection and repair.
The extraction speed reduces from 0 to 3.
Default is the full paranoia mode (3).
--keepimage
If a CD is copied with command copy this option
will cause that the created image is not removed
after the copy process has finished.
--on-the-fly
Perform CD copy on the fly without creating an
image file.
--with-cddb
Enables the automatic fetching of CDDB data for use
as CD-TEXT data for commands copy, read-toc and
read-cd.
--cddb-servers server-list
Sets space or ',' separated list of CDDB servers
used for command read-cddb or for commands where
the --with-cddb option is active. A server entry
may have the following forms:
<server>
Connect to <server>, default cddbp port (888), use
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cddbp protocol.
<server>:<port>
Connect to <server>, port <port>, use cddbp proto
col.
<server>:<cgi-bin-path>
Connect to <server>, default http port (80), use
http protocol, url: <cgi-bin-path>.
<server>:<port>:<cgi-bin-path>
Connect to <server>, port <port>, use http proto
col, url: <cgi-bin-path>.
<server>:<port>:<cgi-bin-path>:<proxy-server>
Connect to <proxy-server>, default http port (80),
use http protocol, url:
http://<server>:<port>/<cgi-bin-path>.
<server>:<port>:<cgi-bin-path>:<proxy-server>:<proxy-port>
Connect to <proxy-server>, port <proxy-port>, use
http protocol, url: http://<server>:<port>/<cgi-
bin-path>.
The <cgi-bin-path> is usually "/~cddb/cddb.cgi".
All servers of the server list will be tried in the
given order until a successful connection can be
established. For http proxy servers the first suc
cessful connected http proxy server will be used
independent of the ability to connect to the target
http server.
Example: freedb.freedb.org:/~cddb/cddb.cgi
--cddb-timeout timeout
Sets the timeout in seconds used for connections to
CDDB servers.
--cddb-directory directory
Specifies the local CDDB database directory where
fetched CDDB records will be stored. If this option
is not given a fetched CDDB record will not be
stored locally.
--save Saves some of the current options to the settings
file "$HOME/.cdrdao". See section 'SETTINGS' for
more details.
-n Suppresses the 10 second pause before writing or
simulating.
-v verbose-level
Sets verbose level. Levels > 2 are debug levels
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which produce a lot of output.
TOC FILES
The toc-file describes what data is written to the CD-R
and allows control over track/index positions, pre-gaps
and sub-channel information. It is a simple text file, use
your favorite text editor to create it.
A toc-file contains an optional header and a sequence of
track specifications. Comments starting with '//' reaching
until end of line can be placed anywhere.
Header
CATALOG "ddddddddddddd"
Specifies the optional catalog number of the CD.
The string must contain exactly 13 digits.
The following flags specify the type of session that will
be created. It is used to create the correct CD-TOC format
and to check the consistency of the track modes for the
desired session type. If multiple flags are given the last
one will take effect.
CD_DA The disc contains only audio tracks.
CD_ROM The disc contains just mode 1 tracks or mode 1 and
audio tracks (mixed mode CD).
CD_ROM_XA
The disc contains mode 2 form 1 or mode 2 form 2
tracks. Audio tracks are allowed, too. This type
must be used if multi session disks are created
(option --multi).
CD_TEXT { ... }
Defines global CD-TEXT data like the album title
and the used languages. See the CD-TEXT section
below for the syntax of the CD-TEXT block contents.
Track Specification
TRACK <track-mode>
Starts a new track, the track number is incremented
by 1. The length of a track must be at least 4 sec
onds. The block length of the input data depends on
the <track-mode>: AUDIO: 2352 bytes (588 samples),
MODE1: 2048 bytes, MODE1_RAW: 2352 bytes, MODE2:
2336 bytes, MODE2_FORM1: 2048 bytes, MODE2_FORM2:
2324 bytes, MODE2_FORM_MIX: 2336 bytes including
the sub-header, MODE2_RAW: 2352 bytes. If the
input data length is not a multiple of the block
length it will be padded with zeros.
Apr 29, 2001 7
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The following flags may follow the track start statement.
They are used to set sub-channel information for the cur
rent track. Each flag is optional. If not given the fol
lowing defaults are used: copy not permitted, no pre
emphasis, two channel audio, no ISRC code.
[ NO ] COPY
Sets or clears the copy permitted flag.
[ NO ] PRE_EMPHASIS
Sets or clears the pre emphasis flag (only for
audio tracks).
TWO_CHANNEL_AUDIO
Indicates that track contains two channel audio
data (only for audio tracks).
FOUR_CHANNEL_AUDIO
Indicates that track contains four channel audio
data (only for audio tracks).
ISRC "CCOOOYYSSSSS"
Sets ISRC code of track (only for audio tracks).
C: country code (upper case letters or digits)
O: owner code (upper case letters or digits)
Y: year (digits)
S: serial number (digits)
An optional CD-TEXT block that defines the CD-TEXT data
for this track may follow. See the CD-TEXT section below
for the syntax of the CD-TEXT block contents.
CD_TEXT { ... }
At least one of the following statements must appear to
specify the data for the actual track. Lengths and start
positions may be expressed in samples (1/44100 seconds)
for audio tracks or in bytes for data tracks. It is also
possible to give the length in blocks with the MSF format
'MM:SS:FF' specifying minutes, seconds and frames (0 <=
'FF' < 75) . A frame equals one block.
If more than one statement is used the track will be com
posed by concatenating the data in the specified order.
SILENCE <length>
Adds zero audio data of specified length to actual
audio track. Useful to create silent pre-gaps.
ZERO <length>
Adds zero data to data tracks. Must be used to
define pre- or post-gaps between tracks of differ
ent mode.
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[ FILE | AUDIOFILE ] "<filename>" <start> [ <length> ]
Adds the audio data of specified file to actual
audio track. It is possible to select a portion of
an audio file with <start> and <length> which
allows non destructive cutting. The first sample of
an audio file is addressed with <start> = 0. If
<length> is omitted or set to 0 all audio data from
<start> until the end of file is used.
Audio files may have raw or WAVE format with 16
bits per sample, 44.1 kHz sampling rate, stereo.
Raw files must have the layout 'MSBLeft LSBLeft
MSBRight LSBRight ...' (big endian byte order).
WAVE files are expected to have little endian byte
order. The option --swap reverses the expected byte
order for all raw and WAVE files. Only filenames
with a ".wav" ending are treated as WAVE files, all
other names are assumed to be raw audio files. Use
tools like sox(1) to convert other file formats to
supported formats.
Specifying a "-" as filename causes data to be read
from STDIN. Currently only raw files are supported
from STDIN.
If you are unsure about the byte order of your
audio files try the command 'show-data'. If the
byte order is correct you will see a sequence of
increasing or decreasing numbers for both channels.
Otherwise numbers are jumping between very high and
low values - high volume static.
DATAFILE "<filename>" [ <length> ]
Adds data from given file to actual data track. If
<length> is omitted the actual file length will be
used.
START [ MM:SS:FF ]
Defines the length of the pre-gap (position where
index switches from 0 to 1). If the MSF value is
omitted the current track length is used. If the
current track length is not a multiple of the block
length the pre-gap length will be rounded up to
next block boundary.
If no START statement is given the track will not
have a pre-gap.
PREGAP MM:SS:FF
This is an alternate way to specify a pre-gap with
zero audio data. It may appear before the first
SILENCE, ZERO or FILE statement. Either PREGAP or
START can be used within a track specification. It
is equivalent to the sequence
Apr 29, 2001 9
CDRDAO(1)CDRDAO(1)
SILENCE MM:SS:FF
START
for audio tracks or
ZERO MM:SS:FF
START
for data tracks.
Nothing prevents mixing 'DATAFILE'/'ZERO' and
'AUDIOFILE'/'SILENCE' statements within the same track.
The results, however, are undefined.
The end of a track specification may contain zero or more
index increment statements:
INDEX MM:SS:FF
Increments the index number at given position
within the track. The first statement will incre
ment from 1 to 2. The position is relative to the
real track start, not counting an existing pre-gap.
CD-TEXT Blocks
A CD-TEXT block may be placed in the global section to
define data valid for the whole CD and in each track spec
ification of a toc-file. The global section must define a
language map that is used to map a language-number to
country codes. Up to 8 different languages can be defined:
LANGUAGE_MAP { 0 : c1 1 : c2 ... 7 : c7 }
The country code may be an integer value in the
range 0..255 or one of the following countries (the
corresponding integer value is placed in braces
behind the token): EN(9, English)
It is just necessary to define a mapping for the
used languages.
If no mapping exists for a language-number the data for
this language will be ignored.
For each language a language block must exist that defines
the actual data for a certain language.
LANGUAGE language-number { cd-text-item cd-text-data cd-
text-item cd-text-data ... }
Defines the CD-TEXT items for given language-number
which must be defined in the language map.
The cd-text-data may be either a string enclosed by " or
binary data like
{ 0, 10, 255, ... }
where each integer number must be in the range 0..255.
The cd-text-item may be one of the following:
Apr 29, 2001 10
CDRDAO(1)CDRDAO(1)
TITLE String data: Title of CD or track.
PERFORMER
String data.
SONGWRITER
String data.
COMPOSER
String data.
ARRANGER
String data.
MESSAGE
String data. Message to the user.
DISC_ID
String data: Should only appear in the global CD-
TEXT block. The format is usually: XY12345
GENRE Mixture of binary data (genre code) and string
data. Should only appear in the global CD-TEXT
block. Useful entries will be created by gcdmaster.
TOC_INFO1
Binary data: Optional table of contents 1. Should
only appear in the global CD-TEXT block.
TOC_INFO2
Binary data: Optional table of contents 2. Should
only appear in the global CD-TEXT block.
UPC_EAN
String data: This item should only appear in the
global CD-TEXT block. Was always an empty string on
the CD-TEXT CDs I had access to.
ISRC String data: ISRC code of track. The format is usu
ally: CC-OOO-YY-SSSSS
SIZE_INFO
Binary data: Contains summary about all CD-TEXT
data and should only appear in the global CD-TEXT
block. The data will be automatically (re)created
when the CD-TEXT data is written.
If one of the CD-TEXT items TITLE, PERFORMER, SONG
WRITER, COMPOSER, ARRANGER, ISRC is defined for at
least on track or in the global section it must be
defined for all tracks and in the global section.
If a DISC_ID item is defined in the global section,
an ISRC entry must be defined for each track.
Apr 29, 2001 11
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Examples
Simple track without pre-gap with all audio data from WAVE
file "data.wav":
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data.wav" 0
Standard track with two second pre-gap, ISRC code and CD-
TEXT:
CD_DA
CD_TEXT {
LANGUAGE_MAP {
0 : EN
}
LANGUAGE 0 {
TITLE "CD Title"
PERFORMER "Performer"
DISC_ID "XY12345"
UPC_EAN ""
}
}
TRACK AUDIO
ISRC "DEXXX9800001"
CD_TEXT {
LANGUAGE 0 {
TITLE "Track Title"
PERFORMER "Performer"
ISRC "DE-XXX-98-00001"
}
}
PREGAP 0:2:0
FILE "data.wav" 0
Track with 10 second pre-gap containing audio data from
raw file "data.cdr":
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data.cdr" 0
START 0:10:0
Composed track with data from different files. Pre-gap
data and length is taken from "pregapdata.wav". The first
minute of "track.cdr" is omitted and two seconds silence
are inserted at '2:0:0'. Index will be incremented after 2
and 4 minutes past track start:
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "pregapdata.wav" 0
START
FILE "track.cdr" 1:0:0 1:0:0
SILENCE 0:2:0
FILE "track.cdr" 2:0:0
Apr 29, 2001 12
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INDEX 2:0:0
INDEX 4:0:0
Mixed mode CD with a data track as first track followed by
two audio tracks.
CD_ROM
TRACK MODE1
DATAFILE "data_1"
ZERO 00:02:00 // post-gap
TRACK AUDIO
SILENCE 00:02:00 // pre-gap
START
FILE "data_2.wav" 0
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data_3.wav" 0
CUE FILES
Cue files may be used wherever a toc-file is expected. The
corresponding bin file is not taken from the FILE state
ment of a cue file but constructed from the cue file name
by replacing ".cue" by ".bin". The cue file must have
exactly one FILE statement.
Currently, following track modes are supported:
MODE1/2048, MODE1/2352, MODE2/2336, MODE2/2352. The CATA
LOG, ISRC and POSTGAP statements are parsed but not evalu
ated, yet.
SETTINGS
Some of the command line options can be stored as settings
at following locations. The files will be read on startup
of cdrdao in that order:
1. /etc/cdrdao.conf
2. /etc/defaults/cdrdao
3. $HOME/.cdrdao
Command line options will overwrite the loaded settings.
The settings file contains name - value pairs separated by
a colon. String values should be enclosed by ". The file
is automatically written if the command line option --save
is used but it is also possible to modify it manually.
Following values are defined:
write_device
Device used for operations simulate, write, copy,
blank, disk-info and unlock. Corresponding option:
Apr 29, 2001 13
CDRDAO(1)CDRDAO(1)--device
write_driver
Driver (including driver options) that is used for
operations simulate, write, copy, blank, disk-info
and unlock. Corresponding option: --driver
write_speed
Specifies writing speed. Corresponding option:
--speed
write_buffers
Specifies fifo buffers used for recording. Corre
sponding option: --buffers
read_device
Device used for operations read-toc, read-cd and
copy. Corresponding option: --device or --source-
device
read_driver
Driver (including driver options) used for opera
tions read-toc, read-cd and copy. Corresponding
option: --driver or --source-driver
read_paranoia_mode
Paranoia mode used for operations read-cd and copy.
Corresponding option: --paranoia-mode
cddb_server_list
CDDB server list for read-cddb. Corresponding
option: --cddb-servers
cddb_timeout
CDDB connection timeout in seconds used by read-
cddb. Corresponding option: --cddb-timeout
cddb_directory
Local directory where fetched CDDB records will be
stored, used by read-cddb. Corresponding option:
--cddb-directory
BUGS
If the program is terminated during the write/simulation
process used IPC resources may not be released. Use
ipcs(8) and ipcrm(8) to delete them.
AUTHOR
Andreas Mueller mueller@daneb.ping.de
Apr 29, 2001 14
CDRDAO(1)CDRDAO(1)SEE ALSOgcdmaster(1), cdrecord(1), cdda2wav(1), cdparanoia(1),
sox(1), ipcs(8), ipcrm(8)
Apr 29, 2001 15
