CCDCONFIG(8) BSD System Manager's Manual CCDCONFIG(8)NAMEccdconfig — configuration utility for the concatenated disk driver
SYNOPSISccdconfig [-cv] ccd ileave [flags] dev ...
ccdconfig-C [-v] [-f config_file]
ccdconfig-u [-v] ccd ...
ccdconfig-U [-v] [-f config_file]
ccdconfig-g [-M core] [-N system] [ccd ...]
DESCRIPTION
The ccdconfig utility is used to dynamically configure and unconfigure
concatenated disk devices, or ccds. For more information about the ccd,
see ccd(4).
The options are as follows:
-c Configure a ccd. This is the default behavior of ccdconfig.
-C Configure all ccd devices listed in the ccd configuration file.
-f config_file
When configuring or unconfiguring all devices, read the file
config_file instead of the default /etc/ccd.conf.
-g Dump the current ccd configuration in a format suitable for use
as the ccd configuration file. If no arguments are specified,
every configured ccd is dumped. Otherwise, the configuration of
each listed ccd is dumped.
-M core
Extract values associated with the name list from core instead of
the default /dev/mem.
-N system
Use system as the kernel instead of the running kernel (as deter‐
mined from getbootfile(3)).
-u Unconfigure a ccd.
-U Unconfigure all ccd devices listed the ccd configuration file.
-v Cause ccdconfig to be verbose.
A ccd is described on the command line and in the ccd configuration file
by the name of the ccd, the interleave factor, the ccd configuration
flags, and a list of one or more devices. The flags may be represented
as a decimal number, a hexadecimal number, a comma-separated list of
strings, or the word “none”. The flags are as follows:
CCDF_SWAP 0x01 Interleave should be dmmax
CCDF_UNIFORM 0x02 Use uniform interleave
CCDF_MIRROR 0x04 Support mirroring
CCDF_PARITY 0x08 Support parity (not implemented yet)
The format in the configuration file appears exactly as if it were
entered on the command line. Note that on the command line and in the
configuration file, the flags argument is optional.
#
# /etc/ccd.conf
# Configuration file for concatenated disk devices
#
# ccd ileave flags component devices
ccd0 16 none /dev/da2s0e /dev/da3s0e
The component devices need to name partitions of type FS_CCD (or “ccd” as
shown by disklabel(8)).
RECOVERY
An error on a ccd disk is usually unrecoverable unless you are using the
mirroring option. But mirroring has its own perils: It assumes that both
copies of the data at any given sector are the same. This holds true
until a write error occurs or until you replace either side of the mir‐
ror. This is a poor-man's mirroring implementation. It works well
enough that if you begin to get disk errors you should be able to backup
the ccd disk, replace the broken hardware, and then regenerate the ccd
disk. If you need more than this you should look into external hardware
RAID SCSI boxes, RAID controllers such as the dpt(4) controller, or soft‐
ware RAID systems such as vinum(8).
FILES
/etc/ccd.conf default ccd configuration file
EXAMPLES
A number of ccdconfig examples are shown below. The arguments passed to
ccdconfig are exactly the same as you might place in the /etc/ccd.conf
configuration file. The first example creates a 4-disk stripe out of
four SCSI disk partitions. The stripe uses a 64 sector interleave. The
second example is an example of a complex stripe/mirror combination. It
reads as a two disk stripe of da2s0e and da3s0e which is mirrored to a
two disk stripe of da4s0e and da5s0e. The last example is a simple mir‐
ror. /dev/da2s0e is mirrored with /dev/da4s0e and assigned to ccd0.
# ccdconfig ccd0 64 none /dev/da2s0e /dev/da3s0e /dev/da4s0e \
/dev/da5s0e
# ccdconfig ccd0 128 CCDF_MIRROR /dev/da2s0e /dev/da3s0e \
/dev/da4s0e /dev/da5s0e
# ccdconfig ccd0 128 CCDF_MIRROR /dev/da2s0e /dev/da4s0e
When you create a new ccd disk you generally want to label it, using
disklabel(8) or disklabel64(8), before doing anything else. Once you
create the initial label you can edit it, adding additional partitions.
The label itself takes up the first 16 sectors of the ccd disk. If all
you are doing is creating file systems with newfs(8), you do not have to
worry about this as newfs(8) will skip the label area. However, if you
intend to dd(1) to or from a ccd partition it is usually a good idea to
construct the partition such that it does not overlap the label area.
For example, if you have A ccd disk with 10000 sectors you might create a
‘d’ partition with offset 16 and size 9984.
# disklabel -r -w ccd0s0 auto
# disklabel -e ccd0s0
The disklabeling of a ccd disk is usually a one-time affair. If you
reboot the machine and reconfigure the ccd disk, the disklabel you had
created before will still be there and not require reinitialization.
Beware that changing any ccd parameters: interleave, flags, or the device
list making up the ccd disk, will usually destroy any prior data on that
ccd disk. If this occurs it is usually a good idea to reinitialize the
label before [re]constructing your ccd disk.
SEE ALSOdd(1), ccd(4), dpt(4), disklabel(8), disklabel64(8), rc(8), vinum(8)HISTORY
The ccdconfig utility first appeared in NetBSD 1.0A.
BSD February 8, 2009 BSD
