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BRLTTY(1)		     BRLTTY User's Manual		     BRLTTY(1)

NAME
       brltty - refreshable braille display driver for Linux/Unix

SYNOPSIS
       brltty [option ...]

DESCRIPTION
       brltty  is  a  background process (daemon) which provides access to the
       console screen (when in text mode) for a blind person using a  refresh‐
       able braille display.  It drives the braille display, and provides com‐
       plete screen review functionality.  Some	 speech	 capability  has  also
       been incorporated.

OPTIONS
       Options	can  be	 passed	 to  brltty in a number of ways.  From most to
       least influential, these are:

       1.  Command Line Options

       2.  Boot Parameters

       3.  Environment Variables (if the -E  (--environment-variables)	option
	   is in effect)

       4.  The Configuration File

       5.  Built-in Defaults

   Command Line Options
       The  options  are  processed  sequentially  from	 left to right.	 If an
       option is specified more than once, or  in  case	 of  a	conflict,  the
       rightmost specification takes precedence.

       The following options are supported:

       -a table (--attributes-table=)
	      The  path	 to the attributes table.  Relative paths are anchored
	      at /etc/brltty.  The .atb extension is optional.	 The  built-in
	      default is left_right.atb.

       -b driver,...|auto (--braille-driver=)
	      The  driver  for the braille display (see Driver Specification).
	      The built-in default is auto.

       -c table (--contraction-table=)
	      The path to the contraction table.  Relative paths are  anchored
	      at /etc/brltty.  The .ctb extension is optional.

       -d device,... (--braille-device=)
	      The  device  to  which  the  braille  display is connected.  The
	      built-in default is usb:.

	      The general form of a braille  device  specification  is	quali‐
	      fier:data.  For backward compatibility with earlier releases, if
	      the qualifier is omitted then serial: is assumed.	 The following
	      device types are supported:

	      Bluetooth
		     For  a  bluetooth	device,	 specify  bluez:address.   The
		     address must be six two-digit hexadecimal	numbers	 sepa‐
		     rated by colons, e.g.  01:23:45:67:89:AB.

	      Serial For a serial device, specify serial:/path/to/device.  The
		     serial: qualifier is optional (for	 backward  compatibil‐
		     ity).   If a relative path is given then it's anchored at
		     /dev/ (the usual location where devices are defined on  a
		     Unix-like	system).   The following device specifications
		     all    refer    to	   the	  primary    serial    device:
		     serial:/dev/ttyS0, serial:ttyS0, /dev/ttyS0, ttyS0.

	      USB    For  a  USB device, specify usb:.	brltty will search for
		     the first USB device which matches	 the  braille  display
		     driver  being  used.   If this is inadequate, e.g. if you
		     have more than one USB braille display which requires the
		     same driver, then you can refine the device specification
		     by appending the serial number of the display to it, e.g.
		     usb:12345.	  N.B.:	 The "identification by serial number"
		     feature doesn't work for some models because  some	 manu‐
		     facturers either don't set the USB serial number descrip‐
		     tor at all or do set it but not to a unique value.

	      A comma-delimited list of braille devices may be specified.   If
	      this  is	done  then  autodetection  is performed on each listed
	      device in sequence.  This feature is particularly useful if  you
	      have a braille display with more than one interface, e.g. both a
	      serial and a USB port.

       -e (--standard-error)
	      Write logs to standard error rather than to the system log (use‐
	      ful for debugging).

       -f file (--configuration-file=)
	      The path to the configuration file.  Relative paths are anchored
	      at the current  working  directory.   The	 built-in  default  is
	      /etc/brltty.conf.

       -h (--help)
	      Print a command line usage summary (commonly used options only),
	      and then exit.

       -i name (--speech-input=)
	      The file system object (FIFO, named  pipe,  named	 socket,  etc)
	      which  gives other applications access to brltty's speech driver
	      for text-to-speech conversion.  It's  created  at	 start-up  and
	      removed at termination.  Relative paths are anchored at the cur‐
	      rent working directory.  The built-in default is that  the  file
	      system object is not created.

       -k table (--key-table=)
	      The path to the keyboard key table.  Relative paths are anchored
	      at /etc/brltty.  The .ktb extension  and	the  kbd-  prefix  are
	      optional.

       -l level (--log-level=)
	      The minimum severity level for messages written to the log.  Any
	      of the following numbers, or any abbreviation  of	 their	corre‐
	      sponding names, may be specified:

	      0	  emergency

	      1	  alert

	      2	  critical

	      3	  error

	      4	  warning

	      5	  notice

	      6	  information

	      7	  debug

       The built-in default is notice.

       -m device (--midi-device=)
	      The  device to use for the Musical Instrument Digital Interface.
	      For ALSA it's client:port, where each may be either a number  or
	      a	 case-sensitive	 substring  of its name.  For other interfaces
	      it's the full path to an appropriate system device.  The	built-
	      in default is:

	      Linux/ALSA  the first available MIDI output port

	      Linux/OSS	  /dev/sequencer

       -n (--no-daemon)
	      Remain in the foreground (useful for debugging).

       -p device (--pcm-device=)
	      The  device to use for digital audio.  For ALSA it's name[:argu‐
	      ment,...].  For other interfaces it's the full path to an appro‐
	      priate system device.  The built-in default is:

	      FreeBSD	  /dev/dsp

	      Linux/ALSA  hw:0,0

	      Linux/OSS	  /dev/dsp

	      NetBSD	  /dev/audio

	      OpenBSD	  /dev/audio

	      Qnx	  the preferred PCM output device

	      Solaris	  /dev/audio

       -q (--quiet)
	      Suppress	the  start-up  messages.  This is done by reducing the
	      default log level (see the -l (--log-level=) option) to  warning
	      (information  if	either -v (--verify) or -V (--version) is also
	      specified).

       -r (--release-device)
	      Release the device to which the  braille	display	 is  connected
	      when the current screen or window can't be read.

       -s driver,...|auto (--speech-driver=)
	      The  driver  for	the  speech synthesizer (see Driver Specifica‐
	      tion).  The built-in default is auto.

       -t table (--text-table=)
	      The path to the text table.   Relative  paths  are  anchored  at
	      /etc/brltty.   The  .ttb	extension  is  optional.  The built-in
	      default is en-nabcc.ttb (the  North  American  Braille  Computer
	      Code).

       -v (--verify)
	      Print the start-up messages and then exit.  This always includes
	      the versions of brltty itself, the server side of	 its  applica‐
	      tion programming interface, and each of the selected braille and
	      speech drivers.  If the -q (--quiet) option isn't also specified
	      then  it	also  includes	the  values  of	 the options after all
	      sources have been considered.  If more than one  braille	driver
	      and/or  more  than  one  braille	device has been specified then
	      braille display autodetection is performed.  If  more  than  one
	      speech driver has been specified then speech synthesizer autode‐
	      tection is performed.

       -x driver (--screen-driver=)
	      The screen driver.  The built-in	default	 is  operating	system
	      appropriate.

       -A name=value,... (--api-parameters=)
	      Parameters  for  the  application programming interface.	If the
	      same parameter is specified more than once  then	the  rightmost
	      specification is used.  Parameter names may be abbreviated.

       -B [driver:]name=value,... (--braille-parameters=)
	      Parameters  for the braille display driver.  If the same parame‐
	      ter is specified more than once then the rightmost specification
	      is  used.	  Parameter  names may be abbreviated.	If a parameter
	      assignment is qualified with a driver identification  code  then
	      it's  only  processed  if	 that  braille display driver is being
	      used.

       -D directory (--drivers-directory=)
	      The path to the directory which contains the  dynamically	 load‐
	      able driver objects.  The built-in default is /lib/brltty.

       -E (--environment-variables)
	      Recognize environment variables.

       -F file (--preferences-file=)
	      The  path	 to the preferences file.  Relative paths are anchored
	      at /var/lib/brltty.  The built-in default is brltty.prefs.

       -H (--full-help)
	      Print a command line usage summary (all options), and then exit.

       -I (--install-service)
	      (Windows only) Install brltty as the BrlAPI service so  that  it
	      will  be automatically started when the system is booted, and so
	      that applications can know that a BrlAPI server is running.

       -K arg (--keyboard-properties=)
	      Properties of the keyboard.

       -L file (--log-file=)
	      The file to which log messages are written.  Relative paths  are
	      anchored	at  the	 current working directory.  The default is to
	      send log messages to the system log.

       -M csecs (--message-delay=)
	      The message hold time in hundredths of a second.	 The  built-in
	      default is 400 (4 seconds).

       -N (--no-api)
	      Don't start the application programming interface.

       -P file (--pid-file=)
	      The full path to the process identifier file.  If this option is
	      supplied, brltty writes its process identifier  (pid)  into  the
	      specified	 file  at  start-up.   The file is removed when brltty
	      terminates.

       -R (--remove-service)
	      (Windows only) Remove the BrlAPI service so that brltty will not
	      be  automatically started when the system is booted, and so that
	      applications can know that no BrlAPI server is running.

       -S [driver:]name=value,... (--speech-parameters=)
	      Parameters for the  speech  synthesizer  driver.	 If  the  same
	      parameter	 is specified more than once then the rightmost speci‐
	      fication is used.	 Parameter names may  be  abbreviated.	 If  a
	      parameter	 assignment  is qualified with a driver identification
	      code then it's only processed if that speech synthesizer	driver
	      is being used.

       -T directory (--tables-directory=)
	      The  path	 to the directory which contains the text, attributes,
	      contraction,  and	 key  tables.	 The   built-in	  default   is
	      /etc/brltty.

       -V (--version)
	      Print  the  versions  of	brltty	itself, the server side of its
	      application programming interface, and those drivers which  were
	      configured in at build-time, and then exit.  If the -q (--quiet)
	      option isn't also specified then also print  copyright  informa‐
	      tion.

       -W directory (--writable-directory=)
	      The  path	 to a directory which can be written to.  The built-in
	      default is /var/run/brltty.

       -X name=value,... (--screen-parameters=)
	      Parameters for the screen driver.	  If  the  same	 parameter  is
	      specified	 more  than  once  then the rightmost specification is
	      used.  Parameter names may be abbreviated.

   Environment Variables
       The following environment variables are recognized if the  -E  (--envi‐
       ronment-variables) option is specified:

       BRLTTY_API_PARAMETERS=name=value,...
	      Parameters  for  the application programming interface.  See the
	      -A (--api-parameters=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_ATTRIBUTES_TABLE=table
	      The attributes table.  See the -a	 (--attributes-table=)	option
	      for details.

       BRLTTY_BRAILLE_DEVICE=device,...
	      The  device  to which the braille display is connected.  See the
	      -d (--braille-device=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_BRAILLE_DRIVER=driver,...|auto
	      The   driver   for   the	 braille   display.    See   the    -b
	      (--braille-driver=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_BRAILLE_PARAMETERS=[driver:]name=value,...
	      Parameters   for	 the  braille  display	driver.	  See  the  -B
	      (--braille-parameters=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_CONFIGURATION_FILE=file
	      The configuration	 file.	 See  the  -f  (--configuration-file=)
	      option for details.

       BRLTTY_CONTRACTION_TABLE=table
	      The contraction table.  See the -c (--contraction-table=) option
	      for details.

       BRLTTY_MIDI_DEVICE=device
	      The device to use for the Musical Instrument Digital  Interface.
	      See the -m (--midi-device=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_PCM_DEVICE=device
	      The device to use for digital audio.  See the -p (--pcm-device=)
	      option for details.

       BRLTTY_PREFERENCES_FILE=file
	      The preferences file.  See the -F	 (--preferences-file=)	option
	      for details.

       BRLTTY_RELEASE_DEVICE=on|off
	      Release  the  device  to	which the braille display is connected
	      when the current screen or window can't be  read.	  See  the  -r
	      (--release-device) option for details.

       BRLTTY_SCREEN_DRIVER=driver
	      The  screen  driver.   See  the -x (--screen-driver=) option for
	      details.

       BRLTTY_SCREEN_PARAMETERS=name=value,...
	      Parameters for the screen driver.	 See the -X  (--screen-parame‐
	      ters=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_SPEECH_DRIVER=driver,...|auto
	      The   driver   for   the	 speech	  synthesizer.	  See  the  -s
	      (--speech-driver=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_SPEECH_INPUT=name
	      The file system object which gives other applications access  to
	      brltty's	speech	driver for text-to-speech conversion.  See the
	      -i (--speech-input=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_SPEECH_PARAMETERS=[driver:]name=value,...
	      Parameters for  the  speech  synthesizer	driver.	  See  the  -S
	      (--speech-parameters=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_TEXT_TABLE=table
	      The text table.  See the -t (--text-table=) option for details.

   The Configuration File
       Blank  lines  are  ignored.  If the character # occurs on any line then
       all characters from it to the end of that line are treated  as  a  com‐
       ment.

       The following configuration directives are supported:

       api-parameters name=value,...
	      Parameters  for  the application programming interface.  See the
	      -A (--api-parameters=) option for details.

       attributes-table table
	      The attributes table.  See the -a	 (--attributes-table=)	option
	      for details.

       braille-device device,...
	      The  device  to which the braille display is connected.  See the
	      -d (--braille-device=) option for details.

       braille-driver driver,...|auto
	      The   driver   for   the	 braille   display.    See   the    -b
	      (--braille-driver=) option for details.

       braille-parameters [driver:]name=value,...
	      Parameters   for	 the  braille  display	driver.	  See  the  -B
	      (--braille-parameters=) option for details.

       contraction-table table
	      The contraction table.  See the -c (--contraction-table=) option
	      for details.

       midi-device device
	      The  device to use for the Musical Instrument Digital Interface.
	      See the -m (--midi-device=) option for details.

       pcm-device device
	      The device to use for digital audio.  See the -p (--pcm-device=)
	      option for details.

       preferences-file file
	      The  preferences	file.  See the -F (--preferences-file=) option
	      for details.

       release-device on|off
	      Release the device to which the  braille	display	 is  connected
	      when  the	 current  screen  or window can't be read.  See the -r
	      (--release-device) option for details.

       screen-driver driver
	      The screen driver.  See the  -x  (--screen-driver=)  option  for
	      details.

       screen-parameters name=value,...
	      Parameters  for the screen driver.  See the -X (--screen-parame‐
	      ters=) option for details.

       speech-driver driver,...|auto
	      The  driver  for	 the   speech	synthesizer.	See   the   -s
	      (--speech-driver=) option for details.

       speech-input 0me
	      The  file system object which gives other applications access to
	      brltty's speech driver for text-to-speech conversion.   See  the
	      -i (--speech-input=) option for details.

       speech-parameters [driver:]name=value,...
	      Parameters  for  the  speech  synthesizer	 driver.   See	the -S
	      (--speech-parameters=) option for details.

       text-table table
	      The text table.  See the -t (--text-table=) option for details.

   Driver Specification
       A braille display or speech synthesizer driver must  be	specified  via
       its identification code:

	      al  Alva

	      an  Android

	      at  Albatross

	      ba  BrlAPI

	      bc  BrailComm

	      bd  Braudi

	      bg  B2G

	      bl  BrailleLite

	      bm  Baum

	      bn  BrailleNote

	      cb  CombiBraille

	      ec  EcoBraille

	      es  eSpeak

	      eu  EuroBraille

	      fl  FestivalLite

	      fs  FreedomScientific

	      fv  Festival

	      gs  GenericSay

	      hm  HIMS

	      ht  HandyTech

	      hw  HumanWare

	      ir  Iris

	      lb  Libbraille

	      lt  LogText

	      mb  MultiBraille

	      md  MDV

	      mm  BrailleMemo

	      mn  MiniBraille

	      mp  Mikropuhe

	      mt  Metec

	      no  no driver

	      np  NinePoint

	      pg  Pegasus

	      pm  Papenmeier

	      sd  SpeechDispatcher

	      sk  Seika

	      sw  Swift

	      th  Theta

	      tn  TechniBraille Systems Inc.

	      ts  Telesensory Systems Inc.

	      tt  TTY

	      vd  VideoBraille

	      vo  Voyager, Part232 (serial adapter), BraillePen/EasyLink

	      vr  Virtual

	      vs  VisioBraille

	      vv  ViaVoice

	      xs  ExternalSpeech

	      xw  XWindow

	      A	 comma-delimited list of drivers may be specified.  If this is
	      done then autodetection is performed using each listed driver in
	      sequence.	  You may need to experiment in order to determine the
	      most reliable order since some drivers  autodetect  better  than
	      others.

	      If  the single word auto is specified then autodetection is per‐
	      formed using only those drivers which are known to  be  reliable
	      for this purpose.

SEE ALSO
       For    full    documentation,	see   brltty's	 on-line   manual   at
       [http://mielke.cc/brltty/documentation.html].

brltty 5.0			  2014-01-27			     BRLTTY(1)
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