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BIND(9)								       BIND(9)

NAME
       bind - Arrange for events to invoke Tk scripts

SYNOPSIS
       bind tag sequence script

       bind tag sequence +script

DESCRIPTION
       The  bind  command  associates  Tk  scripts with window events.	If all
       three arguments are specified, bind  will  arrange  for	script	(a  Tk
       script)	to  be evaluated whenever the event(s) given by sequence occur
       in the window(s) identified by tag.   If	 script	 is  prefixed  with  a
       ``+'',  then it is appended to any existing binding for sequence;  oth‐
       erwise script replaces any existing binding.  If	 script	 is  an	 empty
       string  then  the  current  binding  for sequence is destroyed, leaving
       sequence unbound.  In all of the cases where a script argument is  pro‐
       vided,  bind  returns  an  empty	 string.  If script is prefixed with a
       ``-'', then any existing binding for sequence, whose script is  exactly
       the same as script, is removed.	The tag argument gives the pathname of
       the window to which sequence is bound.

   Event Patterns
       The sequence argument specifies a sequence of one or  more  event  pat‐
       terns, with optional white space between the patterns.  Each event pat‐
       tern may take one of two forms.	In the simplest case it	 is  a	single
       printing	 ASCII	character, such as a or [.  The character may not be a
       space character or the character <.  This form  of  pattern  matches  a
       KeyPress	 event	for the particular character.  The second form of pat‐
       tern is longer but more general.	 It has the following syntax:

	      <event-event-...-event>

       The following events are accepted:

       Key or Keypress
	      This represents the press of  the	 character  in	the  following
	      event.   If  there  is  no  following event, this represents the
	      press of any key. The key letter may be escaped with a backslash
	      (\)  to  prevent any character (e.g.  >) from being treated spe‐
	      cially.

       Configure
	      This event occurs whenever the widget is	configured  such  that
	      its requested size changes.

       Control
	      This  represents	the  press  of	the character in the following
	      event with the Control key pressed. The character may be	quoted
	      as for Key.

       ButtonPress or Button
	      This  represents	the pressed state of the mouse button given by
	      the following event, which should be 1, 2, or 3. If there is  no
	      following	 event,	 this  represents the press of any button.  If
	      the mouse is moved with a button pressed, the  Button  event  is
	      delivered in combination with a Motion event so long as the but‐
	      ton remains pressed.

       ButtonRelease
	      Like ButtonPress, but represents the release of any button.

       Motion Mouse movement.

       Double Any events in the sequence representing button presses  must  be
	      double-clicked for the sequence to match.

       Map    The event that a toplevel widget is mapped onto the screen.

       Unmap  The event that a toplevel widget is unmapped from the screen.

       Enter  The event of the mouse entering the widget from outside.

       Leave  The event of the mouse leaving the boundaries of the widget.

       FocusIn
	      The event of the widget getting the keyboard focus.

       FocusOut
	      The event of the widget losing the keyboard focus.

       Destroy
	      The  event  of  the  widget being destroyed.  See destroy(9) for
	      details of widget destruction.

The event sequence can contain any combination of the above events.  They  are
treated	 independently,	 and if any of the events occur, the sequence matches.
You cannot combine key presses of more than one key. Events will not  be  combined  on  delivery,  except  that  Motion  events may be combined with button
presses (possibly doubled).

   Binding Scripts and Substitutions
       The script argument to bind is a Tk  script,  which  will  be  executed
       whenever	 the  given  event  sequence occurs.  If script contains any %
       characters, then the script will not be executed directly.  Instead,  a
       new  script  will  be  generated by replacing each %, and the character
       following it, with information from the current event.  The replacement
       depends on the character following the %, as defined in the list below.
       Unless otherwise indicated, the replacement string is the decimal value
       of  the	given field from the current event.  Some of the substitutions
       are only valid for certain types of events;  if they are used for other
       types of events the value substituted is undefined.

       %%   Replaced with a single percent.

       %b   The number of the button that was pressed or released.  Valid only
	    for ButtonPress and ButtonRelease events.

       %h   For Configure events, this is the old requested height of the wid‐
	    get.

       %s   For mouse events, this is the logical OR of the mouse buttons; for
	    keyboard events, it is the decimal value of the pressed character.

       %w   For Configure events, this is the old requested width of the  wid‐
	    get.

       %x   The	 x  coordinate	from  the event, relative to the origin of the
	    toplevel window. Valid only for Enter, Leave, and mouse events.

       %y   The y coordinate from the event, relative to  the  origin  of  the
	    toplevel window. Valid only for Enter, Leave, and mouse events.

       %A   The ASCII character corresponding to a Key event.

       %K   The	 pressed  character for the event, as four hexadecimal digits.
	    Valid only for Key events.

       %W   The path name of the window to which the event was	reported  (the
	    window field from the event).  Valid for all event types.

       %X   Same as %x except that the screen coordinate system is used.

       %Y   Same as %y except that the screen coordinate system is used.

       The  replacement string for a %-replacement is formatted as a proper Tk
       list element.  This means that it will be surrounded with braces if  it
       contains	 spaces, or special characters such as $ and { may be preceded
       by backslashes.	This guarantees that the string will be passed through
       the Tk parser when the binding script is evaluated.

BUGS
       The  above  scheme  is  not  ideal,  and	 will probably be fixed in the
       future.	Quoting is a mess - in particular, the	quoting	 provided  for
       the  %A substitution does not work correctly when a quoted character is
       re-interpreted by Tk.

       The length of binding scripts is limited to 128 characters.

								       BIND(9)
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