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ber_encode(3LDAP)	    LDAP Library Functions	     ber_encode(3LDAP)

NAME
       ber_encode,   ber_alloc,	  ber_printf,	ber_put_int,  ber_put_ostring,
       ber_put_string,	 ber_put_null,	 ber_put_boolean,   ber_put_bitstring,
       ber_start_seq,  ber_start_set,  ber_put_seq,  ber_put_set  - simplified
       Basic Encoding Rules library encoding functions

SYNOPSIS
       cc[ flag... ] file... -lldap[ library... ]
       #include <lber.h>

       BerElement *ber_alloc();

       ber_printf(BerElement *ber, char **fmt[, arg... ]);

       ber_put_int(BerElement *ber, long num, char tag);

       ber_put_ostring(BerElement *ber, char **str, unsigned long len,
	    char tag);

       ber_put_string(BerElement *ber, char **str, char tag);

       ber_put_null(BerElement *ber, char tag);

       ber_put_boolean(BerElement *ber, int bool, char tag);

       ber_put_bitstring(BerElement *ber, char *str, int blen, char tag);

       ber_start_seq(BerElement *ber, char tag);

       ber_start_set(BerElement *ber, char tag);

       ber_put_seq(BerElement *ber);

       ber_put_set(BerElement *ber);

DESCRIPTION
       These functions provide a subfunction interface to a simplified	imple‐
       mentation  of  the  Basic  Encoding Rules of ASN.1.  The version of BER
       these functions support is the one defined for the LDAP protocol.   The
       encoding	 rules	are  the  same as BER, except that  only definite form
       lengths are used, and bitstrings and octet strings are  always  encoded
       in  primitive  form.   In  addition,  these  lightweight	 BER functions
       restrict tags and class to fit in a single octet (this means the actual
       tag must be less than 31). When a "tag"is specified in the descriptions
       below, it refers to the tag, class, and primitive or constructed bit in
       the  first octet of the encoding.  This man page describes the encoding
       functions in the lber library.  See ber_decode(3LDAP)  for  details  on
       the corresponding decoding functions.

       Normally,  the only functions that need be called by an application are
       ber_alloc(), to allocate a BER element,	and  ber_printf()  to  do  the
       actual  encoding.   The other functions are provided for those applica‐
       tions that need more control than  ber_printf() provides.  In  general,
       these  functions	 return the length of the element encoded, or −1 if an
       error occurred.

       The  ber_alloc() function is used to allocate a new BER element.

       The  ber_printf() function is used to encode a BER element in much  the
       same way that  sprintf(3S) works.  One important difference, though, is
       that some state information is kept with the ber parameter so that mul‐
       tiple calls can be made to  ber_printf() to append things to the end of
       the BER element.	  Ber_printf() writes to ber, a pointer to  a  BerEle‐
       ment  such  as  returned by  ber_alloc(). It interprets and formats its
       arguments according to the format string fmt.  The  format  string  can
       contain the following characters:

       b    Boolean.  An integer parameter should be supplied.	A boolean ele‐
	    ment is output.

       B    Bitstring.	A char * pointer to the start of the bitstring is sup‐
	    plied,  followed  by  the number of bits in the bitstring.	A bit‐
	    string element is output.

       i    Integer.  An integer parameter should  be  supplied.   An  integer
	    element is output.

       n    Null.  No parameter is required.  A null element is output.

       o    Octet string.  A char * is supplied, followed by the length of the
	    string pointed to.	An octet string element is output.

       O    Octet string.  A struct berval * is	 supplied.   An	 octet	string
	    element is output.

       s    Octet  string.   A	null-terminated	 string is supplied.  An octet
	    string element is output, not including the trailing null octet.

       t    Tag.  An int specifying the tag to give the next element  is  pro‐
	    vided. This works across calls.

       v    Several  octet strings.  A null-terminated array of char * is sup‐
	    plied.  Note that a construct like '{v}' is	 required  to  get  an
	    actual sequence of octet strings.

       {    Begin sequence.  No parameter is required.

       }    End sequence.  No parameter is required.

       [    Begin set.	No parameter is required.

       ]    End set.  No parameter is required.

       The   ber_put_int()  function writes the integer element num to the BER
       element ber.

       The  ber_put_boolean() function writes the boolean value given by  bool
       to the BER element.

       The  ber_put_bitstring() function writes blen bits starting at str as a
       bitstring value to the given BER element.  Note that blen is the length
       in bits of the bitstring.

       The  ber_put_ostring() function writes len bytes starting at str to the
       BER element as an octet string.

       The  ber_put_string() function writes the null-terminated string (minus
       the terminating '') to the BER element as an octet string.

       The  ber_put_null() function writes a  NULL element to the BER element.

       The   ber_start_seq()  function	is used to start a sequence in the BER
       element.	 The  ber_start_set() function works similarly. The end of the
       sequence	  or   set   is	  marked  by  the  nearest  matching  call  to
       ber_put_seq() or	 ber_put_set(), respectively.

       The  ber_first_element() function is used to return the tag and	length
       of the first element in a set or sequence.  It also returns in cookie a
       magic cookie parameter that should be passed  to	 subsequent  calls  to
       ber_next_element(), which returns similar information.

EXAMPLES
       Example	1  Assuming  the following variable declarations, and that the
       variables have been assigned appropriately, an BER encoding of the fol‐
       lowing ASN.1 object:

	       AlmostASearchRequest := SEQUENCE {
		   baseObject	   DistinguishedName,
		   scope	   ENUMERATED {
		       baseObject    (0),
		       singleLevel   (1),
		       wholeSubtree  (2)
		   },
		   derefAliases	   ENUMERATED {
		       neverDerefaliases   (0),
		       derefInSearching	   (1),
		       derefFindingBaseObj (2),
		       alwaysDerefAliases  (3N)
		   },
		   sizelimit	   INTEGER (0 .. 65535),
		   timelimit	   INTEGER (0 .. 65535),
		   attrsOnly	   BOOLEAN,
		   attributes	   SEQUENCE OF AttributeType
	       }

       can be achieved like so:

	       int    scope, ali, size, time, attrsonly;
	       char   *dn, **attrs;

	       /* ... fill in values ... */
	       if ( (ber = ber_alloc()) == NULLBER )
	       /* error */

	       if ( ber_printf( ber, "{siiiib{v}}", dn, scope, ali,
		   size, time, attrsonly, attrs ) == -1 )
		       /* error */
	       else
		       /* success */

RETURN VALUES
       If  an  error  occurs  during encoding, ber_alloc() returns NULL; other
       functions generally return −1.

ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(5) for a description of the following attributes:

       ┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
       │      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     │	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   │
       ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │Availability		     │SUNWcsl (32-bit)		   │
       ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │			     │SUNWcslx (64-bit)		   │
       ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │Interface Stability	     │Committed			   │
       └─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘

SEE ALSO
       ber_decode(3LDAP), attributes(5)

       Yeong, W., Howes, T., and Hardcastle-Kille, S., "Lightweight  Directory
       Access Protocol", OSI-DS-26, April 1992.

       Information Processing - Open Systems Interconnection - Model and Nota‐
       tion - Service Definition - Specification of Basic Encoding  Rules  for
       Abstract	 Syntax Notation One, International Organization for Standard‐
       ization, International Standard 8825.

NOTES
       The return values for all of these functions are declared in <lber.h>.

SunOS 5.10			  6 Oct 2008		     ber_encode(3LDAP)
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