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BASENAME(3)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		   BASENAME(3)

NAME
       basename, dirname - parse pathname components

SYNOPSIS
       #include <libgen.h>

       char *dirname(char *path);

       char *basename(char *path);

DESCRIPTION
       Warning: there are two different functions basename() - see below.

       The functions dirname() and basename() break a null-terminated pathname
       string into directory and filename  components.	 In  the  usual	 case,
       dirname()  returns  the string up to, but not including, the final '/',
       and basename() returns the component following the final '/'.  Trailing
       '/' characters are not counted as part of the pathname.

       If  path	 does  not  contain  a slash, dirname() returns the string "."
       while basename() returns a copy of path.	 If path is  the  string  "/",
       then both dirname() and basename() return the string "/".  If path is a
       null pointer or points to an empty  string,  then  both	dirname()  and
       basename() return the string ".".

       Concatenating  the  string returned by dirname(), a "/", and the string
       returned by basename() yields a complete pathname.

       Both dirname() and basename() may modify the contents of	 path,	so  it
       may be desirable to pass a copy when calling one of these functions.

       These  functions	 may  return  pointers	to statically allocated memory
       which may be overwritten by subsequent calls.  Alternatively, they  may
       return  a  pointer to some part of path, so that the string referred to
       by path should not be modified or freed until the pointer  returned  by
       the function is no longer required.

       The  following  list  of	 examples (taken from SUSv2) shows the strings
       returned by dirname() and basename() for different paths:

	      path	 dirname   basename
	      /usr/lib	 /usr	   lib
	      /usr/	 /	   usr
	      usr	 .	   usr
	      /		 /	   /
	      .		 .	   .
	      ..	 .	   ..

RETURN VALUE
       Both  dirname()	and  basename()	 return	 pointers  to  null-terminated
       strings.	 (Do not pass these pointers to free(3).)

ATTRIBUTES
       For   an	  explanation	of   the  terms	 used  in  this	 section,  see
       attributes(7).

       ┌──────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
       │Interface	      │ Attribute     │ Value	│
       ├──────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
       │basename(), dirname() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
       └──────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
CONFORMING TO
       POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.

NOTES
       There are two different versions of  basename()	-  the	POSIX  version
       described above, and the GNU version, which one gets after

	       #define _GNU_SOURCE	   /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
	       #include <string.h>

       The  GNU	 version  never	 modifies  its argument, and returns the empty
       string when path has a trailing slash, and in particular also  when  it
       is "/".	There is no GNU version of dirname().

       With glibc, one gets the POSIX version of basename() when <libgen.h> is
       included, and the GNU version otherwise.

BUGS
       In the glibc implementation, the POSIX versions of these functions mod‐
       ify  the	 path  argument, and segfault when called with a static string
       such as "/usr/".

       Before glibc 2.2.1, the glibc version of dirname()  did	not  correctly
       handle pathnames with trailing '/' characters, and generated a segfault
       if given a NULL argument.

EXAMPLE
	   char *dirc, *basec, *bname, *dname;
	   char *path = "/etc/passwd";

	   dirc = strdup(path);
	   basec = strdup(path);
	   dname = dirname(dirc);
	   bname = basename(basec);
	   printf("dirname=%s, basename=%s\n", dname, bname);

SEE ALSO
       basename(1), dirname(1)

COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 4.14 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
       description  of	the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
       latest	 version    of	  this	  page,	   can	   be	  found	    at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

GNU				  2017-09-15			   BASENAME(3)
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