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exit(2)								       exit(2)

NAME
       exit, atexit, _exit - Terminate a process

SYNOPSIS
       #include <stdlib.h>

       int atexit(
	       void (*function)(void) ); void exit(
	       int status ); #include <unistd.h>

       void _exit(
	       int status );

LIBRARY
       Standard C Library (libc)

STANDARDS
       Interfaces  documented on this reference page conform to industry stan‐
       dards as follows:

       exit(), _exit(), atexit(): XSH4.0, XSH4.2, XSH5.0

       Refer to the standards(5) reference page	 for  more  information	 about
       industry standards and associated tags.

PARAMETERS
       Indicates  the  status  of  the	process.  Points to a function that is
       called at normal process termination for cleanup processing. The number
       of  exit	 handlers  that can be specified with the atexit() function is
       limited by the amount of available virtual memory.

DESCRIPTION
       The atexit() function  registers	 functions  to	be  called  at	normal
       process	termination for cleanup processing. The function adds a single
       exit handler to a list of handlers to be called at process termination.
       The  system  calls the functions in reverse order, calling the function
       at the top of the list first. Any function that is registered more than
       once will be repeated.

       The  exit()  function  terminates the calling process after calling the
       _cleanup() function to flush any buffered output.  Then	it  calls  any
       functions  registered  previously for the process by the atexit() func‐
       tion, in the reverse order to that in which they	 were  registered.  In
       addition,  the  exit() function flushes all open output streams, closes
       all open streams, and removes all files created by the tmpfile()	 func‐
       tion.  Finally,	it calls the _exit() function, which completes process
       termination and does not return.

       The _exit() and exit() functions	 terminate  the	 calling  process  and
       cause the following to occur: All of the file descriptors and directory
       streams open in the calling process are closed. Since the exit()	 func‐
       tion  terminates the process, any errors encountered during these close
       operations go unreported. Message catalog  descriptors  and  conversion
       descriptors  opened  in	the  calling  process  are also closed with no
       reporting of errors.  The parent process ID of all the calling process'
       existing	 child processes and zombie processes is reset. The child pro‐
       cesses continue executing; however, their parent process ID is  set  to
       the  process  ID of the init process. The init process thus adopts each
       of these processes, catches the SIGCHLD signals that they generate, and
       calls  the  wait() function for each of them.  If the parent process of
       the calling process is running a wait()	or  waitpid()  function,  that
       parent  process	is  notified  that the calling process is being termi‐
       nated. The low-order 8 bits (that is, bits 0377 or 0xFF) of the	status
       parameter are made available to the parent process.

	      [XSH4.2]	[XSH5.0]  This	behavior  also	applies	 if the parent
	      process is running a wait3() or waitid() function.  In addition,
	      this  behavior only applies when the parent process of the call‐
	      ing process has  neither	set  its  SA_NOCLDWAIT	flag  nor  set
	      SIGCHLD  to  SIG_IGN.   If  the  parent process is not running a
	      wait() or waitpid() function when the child process  terminates,
	      the  parent  process receives a SIGCHLD signal to notify it that
	      the child process is terminating. The child  process  is	trans‐
	      formed into a zombie process.

	      Once  the	 parent process calls the wait() or waitpid() routine,
	      the child process completes termination and the low-order 8 bits
	      (that  is,  bits	0377 or 0xFF) of the status parameter are made
	      available to it.

	      [XSH4.2]	[XSH5.0]  This behavior also applies  to  the  wait3()
	      and  waitid() functions. In addition, this behavior only applies
	      when the parent process has not set its SA_NOCLDWAIT flag or set
	      SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN.  The parent process is sent a SIGCHLD signal
	      when a child terminates; however, since the default  action  for
	      this signal is to ignore it, the signal usually is not seen.  If
	      the process is a controlling process, the system sends a	SIGHUP
	      signal to each process executing in the foreground on the termi‐
	      nal that belongs to the calling process. The terminal is	disas‐
	      sociated	from  the session, allowing it to be acquired by a new
	      controlling process.  If the termination of a process  causes  a
	      process group to become orphaned, and if any member of the newly
	      orphaned process group is stopped, a SIGHUP signal, followed  by
	      a	 SIGCONT  signal,  is  sent  to	 each  newly orphaned process.
	      [XSH4.2]	[XSH5.0]   If the parent process has set its SA_NOCLD‐
	      WAIT  flag  or  set SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN, the status is discarded,
	      and the  lifetime	 of  the  calling  process  ends  immediately.
	      [XSH4.2]	[XSH5.0]  Each mapped memory object is unmapped.  Each
	      attached shared memory segment is	 detached  and	the  value  of
	      shm_nattach  in  the  data  structure associated with its shared
	      memory identifier is decremented by 1. (See shmget(2) for infor‐
	      mation  about the data structure.)  For each semaphore for which
	      the calling process has set a semadj value, that semadj value is
	      added to the semval of the specified semaphore. (See semop(2)for
	      information about semaphore operations.)	[Tru64	UNIX]  If  the
	      process has a process lock, text lock, or data lock, an unlock()
	      is performed. (See plock(2) for information on locking.)	[Tru64
	      UNIX]  An accounting record is written to the accounting file if
	      the system accounting  routine  is  enabled.  (See  acct(2)  for
	      information   about   enabling   accounting  routines.)	[Tru64
	      UNIX]  Locks set by the fcntl(), flock(), and lockf()  functions
	      are removed.

       [Tru64  UNIX]  If  a  thread  calls  the	 _exit()  function, the entire
       process exits and all threads within the process are terminated.

NOTES
       [XSH4.2]	 [XSH5.0]  An application should call sysconf() to obtain  the
       value  of  ATEXIT_MAX,  the  number of handlers that can be registered.
       There is no way for an application to  tell  how	 many  functions  have
       already been registered with atexit().

       To prematurely terminate atexit() handler processing from within a han‐
       dler, _exit() can be called. It is not recommended to call exit()  from
       within an atexit() handler.

RETURN VALUES
       The exit() function and _exit() function do not return.

       The  atexit()  function	returns	 0 (zero) if successful.  The function
       fails if an application attempts to register more process cleanup func‐
       tions  than available virtual memory allows. In this case, the function
       returns a nonzero value.

SEE ALSO
       Functions: acct(2), sigaction(2),  sigvec(2),  wait(2),	ldr_atexit(3),
       times(3)

       Standards: standards(5)

								       exit(2)
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