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ASA(1P)			   POSIX Programmer's Manual		       ASA(1P)

PROLOG
       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the	 corresponding
       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.

NAME
       asa - interpret carriage-control characters

SYNOPSIS
       asa [ file ... ]

DESCRIPTION
       The asa utility shall write its input files to standard output, mapping
       carriage-control characters from the text files to line-printer control
       sequences in an implementation-defined manner.

       The first character of every line shall be removed from the input,  and
       the following actions are performed.

       If the character removed is:

       <space>
	      The rest of the line is output without change.

       0      A <newline> is output, then the rest of the input line.

       1      One  or  more  implementation-defined  characters that causes an
	      advance to the next page shall be output, followed by  the  rest
	      of the input line.

       +      The <newline> of the previous line shall be replaced with one or
	      more implementation-defined characters that causes  printing  to
	      return  to  column position 1, followed by the rest of the input
	      line. If the '+' is the first character in the input,  it	 shall
	      be equivalent to <space>.

       The  action  of	the  asa  utility is unspecified upon encountering any
       character other than those listed above as the  first  character	 in  a
       line.

OPTIONS
       None.

OPERANDS
       file   A	 pathname  of  a text file used for input. If no file operands
	      are specified, the standard input shall be used.

STDIN
       The standard input shall be used only if no file	 operands  are	speci‐
       fied; see the INPUT FILES section.

INPUT FILES
       The input files shall be text files.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       The following environment variables shall affect the execution of asa:

       LANG   Provide  a  default value for the internationalization variables
	      that are unset or null. (See  the	 Base  Definitions  volume  of
	      IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section  8.2,  Internationalization Vari‐
	      ables for the precedence of internationalization variables  used
	      to determine the values of locale categories.)

       LC_ALL If  set  to a non-empty string value, override the values of all
	      the other internationalization variables.

       LC_CTYPE
	      Determine the locale for	the  interpretation  of	 sequences  of
	      bytes  of	 text  data as characters (for example, single-byte as
	      opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files).

       LC_MESSAGES
	      Determine the locale that should be used to  affect  the	format
	      and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.

       NLSPATH
	      Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of
	      LC_MESSAGES .

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
       Default.

STDOUT
       The standard output shall be the text from the input file  modified  as
       described in the DESCRIPTION section.

STDERR
       None.

OUTPUT FILES
       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
       None.

EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values shall be returned:

	0     All input files were output successfully.

       >0     An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
       Default.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE
       None.

EXAMPLES
	1. The following command:

	   asa file

       permits	the  viewing of file (created by a program using FORTRAN-style
       carriage-control characters) on a terminal.

	2. The following command:

	   a.out | asa | lp

       formats the FORTRAN output of a.out and directs it to the printer.

RATIONALE
       The asa utility is needed to map "standard" FORTRAN 77  output  into  a
       form  acceptable to contemporary printers. Usually, asa is used to pipe
       data to the lp utility; see lp.

       This utility is generally used only by FORTRAN programs.	 The  standard
       developers decided to retain asa to avoid breaking the historical large
       base of FORTRAN applications that put  carriage-control	characters  in
       their  output  files. There is no requirement that a system have a FOR‐
       TRAN compiler in order to run applications that need asa.

       Historical implementations have used an ASCII <form-feed>  in  response
       to a 1 and an ASCII <carriage-return> in response to a '+' . It is sug‐
       gested that implementations treat characters other than 0, 1,  and  '+'
       as  <space>  in	the  absence of any compelling reason to do otherwise.
       However, the action is listed  here  as	"unspecified",	permitting  an
       implementation to provide extensions to access fast multiple-line slew‐
       ing and channel seeking in a non-portable manner.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       fort77, lp

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in  electronic  form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),	The  Open  Group  Base
       Specifications  Issue  6,  Copyright  (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
       Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open  Group.  In  the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group  Standard
       is  the	referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
       at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2003			       ASA(1P)
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