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ALPHASORT(3P)		   POSIX Programmer's Manual		 ALPHASORT(3P)

PROLOG
       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the	 corresponding
       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.

NAME
       alphasort, scandir — scan a directory

SYNOPSIS
       #include <dirent.h>

       int alphasort(const struct dirent **d1, const struct dirent **d2);
       int scandir(const char *dir, struct dirent ***namelist,
	   int (*sel)(const struct dirent *),
	   int (*compar)(const struct dirent **, const struct dirent **));

DESCRIPTION
       The alphasort() function can be used as the comparison function for the
       scandir()  function  to	sort  the  directory  entries, d1 and d2, into
       alphabetical order. Sorting happens as  if  by  calling	the  strcoll()
       function	 on  the d_name element of the dirent structures passed as the
       two parameters. If the strcoll() function fails, the  return  value  of
       alphasort() is unspecified.

       The  alphasort() function shall not change the setting of errno if suc‐
       cessful. Since no return value is reserved to  indicate	an  error,  an
       application  wishing  to check for error situations should set errno to
       0, then call alphasort(), then check errno.

       The scandir() function shall scan the directory dir, calling the	 func‐
       tion  referenced	 by sel on each directory entry. Entries for which the
       function referenced by sel returns non-zero shall be stored in  strings
       allocated  as  if  by a call to malloc(), and sorted as if by a call to
       qsort() with the comparison function compar, except  that  compar  need
       not provide total ordering. The strings are collected in array namelist
       which shall be allocated as if by a call to malloc().  If sel is a null
       pointer,	 all  entries  shall  be selected.  If the comparison function
       compar does not provide total ordering, the order in which  the	direc‐
       tory entries are stored is unspecified.

RETURN VALUE
       Upon  successful	 completion,  the alphasort() function shall return an
       integer greater than, equal to, or less than 0,	according  to  whether
       the  name  of the directory entry pointed to by d1 is lexically greater
       than, equal to, or less than the directory pointed to by d2  when  both
       are  interpreted	 as  appropriate  to  the  current locale. There is no
       return value reserved to indicate an error.

       Upon successful completion, the scandir()  function  shall  return  the
       number  of  entries in the array and a pointer to the array through the
       parameter namelist.  Otherwise, the scandir() function shall return −1.

ERRORS
       The scandir() function shall fail if:

       EACCES Search permission is denied for the component of the path prefix
	      of dir or read permission is denied for dir.

       ELOOP  A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during resolution of
	      the dir argument.

       ENAMETOOLONG
	      The  length  of  a  component  of	 a  pathname  is  longer  than
	      {NAME_MAX}.

       ENOENT A component of dir does not name an existing directory or dir is
	      an empty string.

       ENOMEM Insufficient storage space is available.

       ENOTDIR
	      A component of dir names an existing  file  that	is  neither  a
	      directory nor a symbolic link to a directory.

       EOVERFLOW
	      One  of  the values to be returned or passed to a callback func‐
	      tion cannot be represented correctly.

       The scandir() function may fail if:

       ELOOP  More than {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were  encountered	during
	      resolution of the dir argument.

       EMFILE All  file	 descriptors  available	 to  the process are currently
	      open.

       ENAMETOOLONG
	      The length of a pathname exceeds {PATH_MAX}, or pathname resolu‐
	      tion  of	a symbolic link produced an intermediate result with a
	      length that exceeds {PATH_MAX}.

       ENFILE Too many files are currently open in the system.

       The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES
       An example to print the files in the current directory:

	   #include <dirent.h>
	   #include <stdio.h>
	   #include <stdlib.h>
	   ...
	   struct dirent **namelist;
	   int i,n;

	       n = scandir(".", &namelist, 0, alphasort);
	       if (n < 0)
		   perror("scandir");
	       else {
		   for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		       printf("%s\n", namelist[i]->d_name);
		       free(namelist[i]);
		       }
		   }
	       free(namelist);
	   ...

APPLICATION USAGE
       If dir contains filenames that do not form character strings, or	 which
       contain	characters outside the domain of the collating sequence of the
       current locale, the alphasort()	function  need	not  provide  a	 total
       ordering.  This	condition  is not possible if all filenames within the
       directory consist only of characters from the portable filename charac‐
       ter set.

       The  scandir()  function may allocate dynamic storage during its opera‐
       tion. If scandir() is forcibly terminated, such as by longjmp() or sig‐
       longjmp()  being	 executed by the function pointed to by sel or compar,
       or by an interrupt routine, scandir() does not have a  chance  to  free
       that storage, so it remains permanently allocated. A safe way to handle
       interrupts is to store the fact that an interrupt  has  occurred,  then
       wait until scandir() returns to act on the interrupt.

       For  functions  that allocate memory as if by malloc(), the application
       should release such memory when it is no longer required by a  call  to
       free().	For scandir(), this is namelist (including all of the individ‐
       ual strings in namelist).

RATIONALE
       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       qsort(), strcoll()

       The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, <dirent.h>

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in  electronic  form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),	The  Open  Group  Base
       Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of Electri‐
       cal and Electronics Engineers,  Inc  and	 The  Open  Group.   (This  is
       POSIX.1-2008  with  the	2013  Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The  Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
       is the referee document. The original Standard can be  obtained	online
       at http://www.unix.org/online.html .

       Any  typographical  or  formatting  errors that appear in this page are
       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
       files  to  man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.ker‐
       nel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2013			 ALPHASORT(3P)
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