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ADDUSER(8)							    ADDUSER(8)

NAME
       adduser, addgroup - add a user or group to the system

SYNOPSIS
       adduser	[options]  [--home  DIR]  [--shell  SHELL]  [--no-create-home]
       [--uid ID] [--firstuid ID] [--lastuid ID] [--ingroup GROUP | --gid  ID]
       [--disabled-password]	  [--disabled-login]	  [--gecos	GECOS]
       [--add_extra_groups] [--encrypt-home] user

       adduser --system [options] [--home DIR] [--shell	 SHELL]	 [--no-create-
       home]  [--uid  ID]  [--group | --ingroup GROUP | --gid ID] [--disabled-
       password] [--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] user

       addgroup [options] [--gid ID] group

       addgroup --system [options] [--gid ID] group

       adduser [options] user group

   COMMON OPTIONS
       [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h]  [--version]  [--conf
       FILE]

DESCRIPTION
       adduser	and  addgroup  add users and groups to the system according to
       command	  line	  options    and    configuration    information    in
       /etc/adduser.conf.   They  are  friendlier  front ends to the low level
       tools like useradd, groupadd and usermod programs, by default  choosing
       Debian  policy conformant UID and GID values, creating a home directory
       with skeletal configuration, running a custom script,  and  other  fea‐
       tures.  adduser and addgroup can be run in one of five modes:

   Add a normal user
       If  called  with	 one  non-option  argument and without the --system or
       --group options, adduser will add a normal user.

       adduser will choose the first available UID from	 the  range  specified
       for  normal users in the configuration file.  The UID can be overridden
       with the --uid option.

       The range specified in the configuration file may  be  overridden  with
       the --firstuid and --lastuid options.

       By  default,  each  user	 in  Debian GNU/Linux is given a corresponding
       group with the same name.  Usergroups allow group writable  directories
       to  be  easily  maintained  by placing the appropriate users in the new
       group, setting the set-group-ID bit in the directory, and ensuring that
       all  users use a umask of 002.  If this option is turned off by setting
       USERGROUPS to no, all users' GIDs are set to USERS_GID.	Users' primary
       groups  can  also be overridden from the command line with the --gid or
       --ingroup options to set the group by id or name, respectively.	 Also,
       users can be added to one or more groups defined in adduser.conf either
       by setting  ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS  to	 1  in	adduser.conf,  or  by  passing
       --add_extra_groups on the commandline.

       adduser	will create a home directory subject to DHOME, GROUPHOMES, and
       LETTERHOMES.  The home directory can be	overridden  from  the  command
       line with the --home option, and the shell with the --shell option. The
       home directory's set-group-ID bit is set if USERGROUPS is yes  so  that
       any  files  created  in the user's home directory will have the correct
       group.

       adduser will copy files from SKEL into the home	directory  and	prompt
       for  finger  (gecos) information and a password.	 The gecos may also be
       set with the --gecos option.  With  the	--disabled-login  option,  the
       account	will  be created but will be disabled until a password is set.
       The --disabled-password option will not set a password,	but  login  is
       still possible (for example with SSH RSA keys).	To set up an encrypted
       home directory for the new user, add the	 --encrypt-home	 option.   For
       more information, refer to the -b option of ecryptfs-setup-private(1).

       If  the	file /usr/local/sbin/adduser.local exists, it will be executed
       after the user account has been set up in order to do any local	setup.
       The arguments passed to adduser.local are:
       username uid gid home-directory
       The  environment	 variable  VERBOSE  is	set according to the following
       rule:

       0 if --quiet is specified

       1 if neither --quiet nor --debug is specified

       2 if --debug is specified

	      (The same applies to the variable DEBUG, but DEBUG is deprecated
	      and will be removed in a later version of adduser.)

   Add a system user
       If called with one non-option argument and the --system option, adduser
       will add a system user. If a user with the same name already exists  in
       the  system uid range (or, if the uid is specified, if a user with that
       uid already exists), adduser will exit with a warning. This warning can
       be suppressed by adding "--quiet".

       adduser	will  choose  the first available UID from the range specified
       for system  users  in  the  configuration  file	(FIRST_SYSTEM_UID  and
       LAST_SYSTEM_UID).  If  you want to have a specific UID, you can specify
       it using the --uid option.

       By default, system users are placed in the nogroup group.  To place the
       new  system  user  in  an  already  existing  group,  use  the --gid or
       --ingroup options.  To place the new system user in a  new  group  with
       the same ID, use the --group option.

       A home directory is created by the same rules as for normal users.  The
       new system user will have the shell /bin/false (unless overridden  with
       the  --shell option), and have logins disabled.	Skeletal configuration
       files are not copied.

   Add a user group
       If adduser is called with the --group option and without	 the  --system
       option, or addgroup is called respectively, a user group will be added.

       A  GID  will  be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the
       configuration file (FIRST_GID, LAST_GID). To  override  that  mechanism
       you can give the GID using the --gid option.

       The group is created with no users.

   Add a system group
       If  addgroup is called with the --system option, a system group will be
       added.

       A GID will be chosen from the range specified for system	 GIDS  in  the
       configuration  file  (FIRST_SYSTEM_GID,	LAST_SYSTEM_GID).  To override
       that mechanism you can give the GID using the --gid option.

       The group is created with no users.

   Add an existing user to an existing group
       If called with two non-option arguments, adduser will add  an  existing
       user to an existing group.

OPTIONS
       --conf FILE
	      Use FILE instead of /etc/adduser.conf.

       --disabled-login
	      Do  not  run passwd to set the password.	The user won't be able
	      to use her account until the password is set.

       --disabled-password
	      Like --disabled-login, but logins are still possible (for	 exam‐
	      ple using SSH RSA keys) but not using password authentication.

       --force-badname
	      By default, user and group names are checked against the config‐
	      urable regular expression NAME_REGEX  (or	 NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM  if
	      --system is specified) specified in the configuration file. This
	      option forces adduser and addgroup to apply only	a  weak	 check
	      for validity of the name.

       --gecos GECOS
	      Set  the	gecos field for the new entry generated.  adduser will
	      not ask for finger information if this option is given.

       --gid ID
	      When creating a group, this option forces the new groupid to  be
	      the  given  number.   When creating a user, this option will put
	      the user in that group.

       --group
	      When combined with --system, a group with the same name  and  ID
	      as the system user is created.  If not combined with --system, a
	      group with the given name	 is  created.	This  is  the  default
	      action if the program is invoked as addgroup.

       --help Display brief instructions.

       --home DIR
	      Use  DIR	as  the user's home directory, rather than the default
	      specified by the configuration file.  If the directory does  not
	      exist, it is created and skeleton files are copied.

       --shell SHELL
	      Use  SHELL  as  the  user's login shell, rather than the default
	      specified by the configuration file.

       --ingroup GROUP
	      Add the new user to GROUP instead of a usergroup or the  default
	      group  defined  by  USERS_GID  in	 the configuration file.  This
	      affects the users primary group.	To add additional groups,  see
	      the add_extra_groups option

       --no-create-home
	      Do not create the home directory, even if it doesn't exist.

       --quiet
	      Suppress informational messages, only show warnings and errors.

       --debug
	      Be  verbose, most useful if you want to nail down a problem with
	      adduser.

       --system
	      Create a system user or group.

       --uid ID
	      Force the new userid to be the given number.  adduser will  fail
	      if the userid is already taken.

       --firstuid ID
	      Override	the first uid in the range that the uid is chosen from
	      (overrides FIRST_UID specified in the configuration file).

       --lastuid ID
	      Override the last uid in the range that the uid is chosen from (
	      LAST_UID )

       --add_extra_groups
	      Add new user to extra groups defined in the configuration file.

       --version
	      Display version and copyright information.

EXIT VALUES
       0      The  user	 exists as specified. This can have 2 causes: The user
	      was created by adduser or the user was already  present  on  the
	      system  before adduser was invoked. If adduser was returning 0 ,
	      invoking adduser a second	 time  with  the  same	parameters  as
	      before also returns 0.

       1      Creating the user or group failed because it was already present
	      with other UID/GID than specified. The username or groupname was
	      rejected	because	 of  a	mismatch  with	the configured regular
	      expressions, see adduser.conf(5). Adduser has been aborted by  a
	      signal.
	      Or  for many other yet undocumented reasons which are printed to
	      console then. You may then consider to remove  --quiet  to  make
	      adduser more verbose.

FILES
       /etc/adduser.conf
	      Default configuration file for adduser and addgroup

SEE ALSO
       adduser.conf(5),	  deluser(8),	useradd(8),  groupadd(8),  usermod(8),
       Debian Policy 9.2.2.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999 Guy Maor. Modifications by Roland Bauer‐
       schmidt	and  Marc  Haber.  Additional patches by Joerg Hoh and Stephen
       Gran.
       Copyright (C) 1995 Ted Hajek, with a great deal borrowed from the orig‐
       inal Debian adduser
       Copyright  (C) 1994 Ian Murdock.	 adduser is free software; see the GNU
       General Public Licence version  2  or  later  for  copying  conditions.
       There is no warranty.

Debian GNU/Linux	     Version 3.112ubuntu1		    ADDUSER(8)
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