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overview(3pm)	      User Contributed Perl Documentation	 overview(3pm)

NAME
       Tk::overview - An overview of an Object Oriented Tk8 extension for
       perl5

SYNOPSIS
       "use Tk;"

       "$main = MainWindow->new();"

       "$widget = $main->Widget(...);"

       "$widget->pack(...);"

       ...

       "MainLoop;"

DESCRIPTION
       In writing the perl Tk extension, the goals were to provide a complete
       interface to the latest production version of John Ousterhout's Tk,
       while providing an Object Oriented interface to perl code.

CONTENTS
       The package is composed of three loosely connected parts:

       pTk - Converted Tk source
	   The pTk sub-directory is a copy of the C code of Tk8.x, modified to
	   allow use by languages other than the original Tcl.	(The pTk can
	   be read as 'perl' Tk or 'portable' Tk, depending on your
	   sensibilities.)

       Tk to Perl 'Glue'
	   The top level directory provides Tk.xs and tkGlue.c which provide
	   the perl-callable interfaces to pTk

       Perl code for 'Widget' Classes
	   The Tk sub-directory contains the various perl modules that
	   comprise the "Classes" that are visible to Tk applications.

	   The "major" widgets such as Tk::Text are actually in separate
	   directories at the top level (e.g. Text/* for Tk::Text) and are
	   dynamically loaded as needed on platforms which support perl5's
	   DynaLoader.

CLASS HIERARCHY
       package Tk; - the 'base class'
	   All the "command names" documented in Tcl/Tk are made to look like
	   perl sub's and reside in the Tk package. Their names are all lower
	   case.  Typically there are very few commands at this level which
	   are called directly by applications.

       package Tk::Widget; - the 'Widget class'
	   There are no actual objects of the Tk::Widget class; however all
	   the various Tk window "widgets" inherit from it, and it in turn
	   inherits all the core Tk functions from Tk.

	   Tk::Widget provides various functions and interfaces which are
	   common to all Widgets.

	   A widget is represented to perl as a blessed reference to a hash.
	   There are some members of the hash which are private to Tk and its
	   tkGlue code.	 Keys starting with '.' and of the form
	   /_[A-Z][A-Za-z_]+_/ (i.e. starting and ending in _ and with	first
	   char after _ being upper case) should be considered reserved to Tk.

       Tk::Button, Tk::Entry, Tk::Text ...
	   There is one class for each of the "Tk" widget item types.  Some of
	   them like Tk::Frame do very little indeed, and really only exist so
	   that they can be derived from or so that focus or menu traversal
	   can discover the "kind" of window being processed.

	   Other classes, Tk::Text for example, provide a lot of methods used
	   with Tk's "bind" to provide a rich keyboard/mouse interface to the
	   widgets' data.

	   These widget classes also include conversions of the Tcl code for
	   event bindings, keyboard focus traversal, menu bars, and menu
	   keyboard traversal. All the Tcl functions have been converted, but
	   the names have changed (systematically) and they have been split up
	   between the various classes in what I hope is an appropriate
	   manner.  Name changes are normally: dropping initial tk_ as the Tk-
	   ness is implicit in the Tk:: prefix, and similarly dropping say
	   Menu from the name if it has been moved the Tk::Menu class.	Thus
	   'proc tkMenuNextEntry' becomes 'sub NextEntry' in the Tk::Menu
	   package.

       Tk::Image
	   This does for Tk8.x's "images" what Tk::Widget does for widgets.
	   Images are new to Tk8.x and the class structure is not mature
	   either.

	   There are three sub-classes Tk::Bitmap, Tk::Pixmap and Tk::Photo.

	   It is possible to create dynamic or auto-loaded image types
	   inherited from Tk::Image for other image types or photo formats
	   (e.g. support for TIFF format).

       Composite Widgets
	   A composite is some kind of 'frame' with subwidgets which give it
	   useful behaviour.  Tk::Dialog is an example of a composite widget
	   classes built from the basic Tk ones.  It is intended that user
	   code should not need to be aware that a particular class is a
	   composite, and create and configure such widgets in the same manner
	   as any other kind. The configure mechanism and the methods of the
	   class manipulate the subwidgets as required.

	   Composite widgets are implemented via Tk::Frame and multiple
	   inheritance.	 The two 'frame' base classes Tk::Frame and
	   Tk::Toplevel include the additional class Tk::Derived in their
	   inheritance. Tk::Derived provides methods to allow additional
	   configure options to be defined for a widget.

	   A Composite widget is typically defined as derived from Tk::Frame
	   or Tk::Toplevel (e.g. Tk::Dialog).

perl v5.26.0			  2017-07-22			 overview(3pm)
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