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Sys::Syslog(3)	       Perl Programmers Reference Guide		Sys::Syslog(3)

NAME
       Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

VERSION
       Version 0.22

SYNOPSIS
	   use Sys::Syslog;			     # all except setlogsock(), or:
	   use Sys::Syslog qw(:DEFAULT setlogsock);  # default set, plus setlogsock()
	   use Sys::Syslog qw(:standard :macros);    # standard functions, plus macros

	   openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility;	     # don't forget this
	   syslog $priority, $format, @args;
	   $oldmask = setlogmask $mask_priority;
	   closelog;

DESCRIPTION
       "Sys::Syslog" is an interface to the UNIX syslog(3) program.  Call
       "syslog()" with a string priority and a list of "printf()" args just
       like syslog(3).

       You can find a kind of FAQ in "THE RULES OF SYS::SYSLOG".  Please read
       it before coding, and again before asking questions.

EXPORTS
       "Sys::Syslog" exports the following "Exporter" tags:

       ·   ":standard" exports the standard syslog(3) functions:

	       openlog closelog setlogmask syslog

       ·   ":extended" exports the Perl specific functions for syslog(3):

	       setlogsock

       ·   ":macros" exports the symbols corresponding to most of your
	   syslog(3) macros and the "LOG_UPTO()" and "LOG_MASK()" functions.
	   See "CONSTANTS" for the supported constants and their meaning.

       By default, "Sys::Syslog" exports the symbols from the ":standard" tag.

FUNCTIONS
       openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)
	   Opens the syslog.  $ident is prepended to every message.  $logopt
	   contains zero or more of the options detailed below.	 $facility
	   specifies the part of the system to report about, for example
	   "LOG_USER" or "LOG_LOCAL0": see "Facilities" for a list of well-
	   known facilities, and your syslog(3) documentation for the
	   facilities available in your system.	 Check "SEE ALSO" for useful
	   links. Facility can be given as a string or a numeric macro.

	   This function will croak if it can't connect to the syslog daemon.

	   Note that "openlog()" now takes three arguments, just like
	   openlog(3).

	   You should use "openlog()" before calling "syslog()".

	   Options

	   ·   "cons" - This option is ignored, since the failover mechanism
	       will drop down to the console automatically if all other media
	       fail.

	   ·   "ndelay" - Open the connection immediately (normally, the
	       connection is opened when the first message is logged).

	   ·   "nofatal" - When set to true, "openlog()" and "syslog()" will
	       only emit warnings instead of dying if the connection to the
	       syslog can't be established.

	   ·   "nowait" - Don't wait for child processes that may have been
	       created while logging the message.  (The GNU C library does not
	       create a child process, so this option has no effect on Linux.)

	   ·   "perror" - Write the message to standard error output as well
	       to the system log.

	   ·   "pid" - Include PID with each message.

	   Examples

	   Open the syslog with options "ndelay" and "pid", and with facility
	   "LOCAL0":

	       openlog($name, "ndelay,pid", "local0");

	   Same thing, but this time using the macro corresponding to
	   "LOCAL0":

	       openlog($name, "ndelay,pid", LOG_LOCAL0);

       syslog($priority, $message)
       syslog($priority, $format, @args)
	   If $priority permits, logs $message or "sprintf($format, @args)"
	   with the addition that %m in $message or $format is replaced with
	   "$!" (the latest error message).

	   $priority can specify a level, or a level and a facility.  Levels
	   and facilities can be given as strings or as macros.	 When using
	   the "eventlog" mechanism, priorities "DEBUG" and "INFO" are mapped
	   to event type "informational", "NOTICE" and "WARNIN" to "warning"
	   and "ERR" to "EMERG" to "error".

	   If you didn't use "openlog()" before using "syslog()", "syslog()"
	   will try to guess the $ident by extracting the shortest prefix of
	   $format that ends in a ":".

	   Examples

	       syslog("info", $message);	   # informational level
	       syslog(LOG_INFO, $message);	   # informational level

	       syslog("info|local0", $message);	       # information level, Local0 facility
	       syslog(LOG_INFO|LOG_LOCAL0, $message);  # information level, Local0 facility

	   Note
	       "Sys::Syslog" version v0.07 and older passed the $message as
	       the formatting string to "sprintf()" even when no formatting
	       arguments were provided.	 If the code calling "syslog()" might
	       execute with older versions of this module, make sure to call
	       the function as "syslog($priority, "%s", $message)" instead of
	       "syslog($priority, $message)".  This protects against hostile
	       formatting sequences that might show up if $message contains
	       tainted data.

       setlogmask($mask_priority)
	   Sets the log mask for the current process to $mask_priority and
	   returns the old mask.  If the mask argument is 0, the current log
	   mask is not modified.  See "Levels" for the list of available
	   levels.  You can use the "LOG_UPTO()" function to allow all levels
	   up to a given priority (but it only accept the numeric macros as
	   arguments).

	   Examples

	   Only log errors:

	       setlogmask( LOG_MASK(LOG_ERR) );

	   Log everything except informational messages:

	       setlogmask( ~(LOG_MASK(LOG_INFO)) );

	   Log critical messages, errors and warnings:

	       setlogmask( LOG_MASK(LOG_CRIT) | LOG_MASK(LOG_ERR) | LOG_MASK(LOG_WARNING) );

	   Log all messages up to debug:

	       setlogmask( LOG_UPTO(LOG_DEBUG) );

       setlogsock($sock_type)
       setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_location) (added in Perl 5.004_02)
	   Sets the socket type to be used for the next call to "openlog()" or
	   "syslog()" and returns true on success, "undef" on failure. The
	   available mechanisms are:

	   ·   "native" - use the native C functions from your syslog(3)
	       library (added in "Sys::Syslog" 0.15).

	   ·   "eventlog" - send messages to the Win32 events logger (Win32
	       only; added in "Sys::Syslog" 0.19).

	   ·   "tcp" - connect to a TCP socket, on the "syslog/tcp" or
	       "syslogng/tcp" service.

	   ·   "udp" - connect to a UDP socket, on the "syslog/udp" service.

	   ·   "inet" - connect to an INET socket, either TCP or UDP, tried in
	       that order.

	   ·   "unix" - connect to a UNIX domain socket (in some systems a
	       character special device).  The name of that socket is the
	       second parameter or, if you omit the second parameter, the
	       value returned by the "_PATH_LOG" macro (if your system defines
	       it), or /dev/log or /dev/conslog, whatever is writable.

	   ·   "stream" - connect to the stream indicated by the pathname
	       provided as the optional second parameter, or, if omitted, to
	       /dev/conslog.  For example Solaris and IRIX system may prefer
	       "stream" instead of "unix".

	   ·   "pipe" - connect to the named pipe indicated by the pathname
	       provided as the optional second parameter, or, if omitted, to
	       the value returned by the "_PATH_LOG" macro (if your system
	       defines it), or /dev/log (added in "Sys::Syslog" 0.21).

	   ·   "console" - send messages directly to the console, as for the
	       "cons" option of "openlog()".

	   A reference to an array can also be passed as the first parameter.
	   When this calling method is used, the array should contain a list
	   of mechanisms which are attempted in order.

	   The default is to try "native", "tcp", "udp", "unix", "stream",
	   "console".  Under systems with the Win32 API, "eventlog" will be
	   added as the first mechanism to try if "Win32::EventLog" is
	   available.

	   Giving an invalid value for $sock_type will "croak".

	   Examples

	   Select the UDP socket mechanism:

	       setlogsock("udp");

	   Select the native, UDP socket then UNIX domain socket mechanisms:

	       setlogsock(["native", "udp", "unix"]);

	   Note
	       Now that the "native" mechanism is supported by "Sys::Syslog"
	       and selected by default, the use of the "setlogsock()" function
	       is discouraged because other mechanisms are less portable
	       across operating systems.  Authors of modules and programs that
	       use this function, especially its cargo-cult form
	       "setlogsock("unix")", are advised to remove any occurence of it
	       unless they specifically want to use a given mechanism (like
	       TCP or UDP to connect to a remote host).

       closelog()
	   Closes the log file and returns true on success.

THE RULES OF SYS::SYSLOG
       The First Rule of Sys::Syslog is: You do not call "setlogsock".

       The Second Rule of Sys::Syslog is: You do not call "setlogsock".

       The Third Rule of Sys::Syslog is: The program crashes, "die"s, calls
       "closelog", the log is over.

       The Fourth Rule of Sys::Syslog is: One facility, one priority.

       The Fifth Rule of Sys::Syslog is: One log at a time.

       The Sixth Rule of Sys::Syslog is: No "syslog" before "openlog".

       The Seventh Rule of Sys::Syslog is: Logs will go on as long as they
       have to.

       The Eighth, and Final Rule of Sys::Syslog is: If this is your first use
       of Sys::Syslog, you must read the doc.

EXAMPLES
       An example:

	   openlog($program, 'cons,pid', 'user');
	   syslog('info', '%s', 'this is another test');
	   syslog('mail|warning', 'this is a better test: %d', time);
	   closelog();

	   syslog('debug', 'this is the last test');

       Another example:

	   openlog("$program $$", 'ndelay', 'user');
	   syslog('notice', 'fooprogram: this is really done');

       Example of use of %m:

	   $! = 55;
	   syslog('info', 'problem was %m');   # %m == $! in syslog(3)

       Log to UDP port on $remotehost instead of logging locally:

	   setlogsock('udp');
	   $Sys::Syslog::host = $remotehost;
	   openlog($program, 'ndelay', 'user');
	   syslog('info', 'something happened over here');

CONSTANTS
       Facilities

       ·   "LOG_AUDIT" - audit daemon (IRIX); falls back to "LOG_AUTH"

       ·   "LOG_AUTH" - security/authorization messages

       ·   "LOG_AUTHPRIV" - security/authorization messages (private)

       ·   "LOG_CONSOLE" - "/dev/console" output (FreeBSD); falls back to
	   "LOG_USER"

       ·   "LOG_CRON" - clock daemons (cron and at)

       ·   "LOG_DAEMON" - system daemons without separate facility value

       ·   "LOG_FTP" - FTP daemon

       ·   "LOG_KERN" - kernel messages

       ·   "LOG_INSTALL" - installer subsystem (Mac OS X); falls back to
	   "LOG_USER"

       ·   "LOG_LAUNCHD" - launchd - general bootstrap daemon (Mac OS X);
	   falls back to "LOG_DAEMON"

       ·   "LOG_LFMT" - logalert facility; falls back to "LOG_USER"

       ·   "LOG_LOCAL0" through "LOG_LOCAL7" - reserved for local use

       ·   "LOG_LPR" - line printer subsystem

       ·   "LOG_MAIL" - mail subsystem

       ·   "LOG_NETINFO" - NetInfo subsystem (Mac OS X); falls back to
	   "LOG_DAEMON"

       ·   "LOG_NEWS" - USENET news subsystem

       ·   "LOG_NTP" - NTP subsystem (FreeBSD, NetBSD); falls back to
	   "LOG_DAEMON"

       ·   "LOG_RAS" - Remote Access Service (VPN / PPP) (Mac OS X); falls
	   back to "LOG_AUTH"

       ·   "LOG_REMOTEAUTH" - remote authentication/authorization (Mac OS X);
	   falls back to "LOG_AUTH"

       ·   "LOG_SECURITY" - security subsystems (firewalling, etc.) (FreeBSD);
	   falls back to "LOG_AUTH"

       ·   "LOG_SYSLOG" - messages generated internally by syslogd

       ·   "LOG_USER" (default) - generic user-level messages

       ·   "LOG_UUCP" - UUCP subsystem

       Levels

       ·   "LOG_EMERG" - system is unusable

       ·   "LOG_ALERT" - action must be taken immediately

       ·   "LOG_CRIT" - critical conditions

       ·   "LOG_ERR" - error conditions

       ·   "LOG_WARNING" - warning conditions

       ·   "LOG_NOTICE" - normal, but significant, condition

       ·   "LOG_INFO" - informational message

       ·   "LOG_DEBUG" - debug-level message

DIAGNOSTICS
       "Invalid argument passed to setlogsock"
	   (F) You gave "setlogsock()" an invalid value for $sock_type.

       "eventlog passed to setlogsock, but no Win32 API available"
	   (W) You asked "setlogsock()" to use the Win32 event logger but the
	   operating system running the program isn't Win32 or does not
	   provides Win32 compatible facilities.

       "no connection to syslog available"
	   (F) "syslog()" failed to connect to the specified socket.

       "stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable"
	   (W) You asked "setlogsock()" to use a stream socket, but the given
	   path is not writable.

       "stream passed to setlogsock, but could not find any device"
	   (W) You asked "setlogsock()" to use a stream socket, but didn't
	   provide a path, and "Sys::Syslog" was unable to find an appropriate
	   one.

       "tcp passed to setlogsock, but tcp service unavailable"
	   (W) You asked "setlogsock()" to use a TCP socket, but the service
	   is not available on the system.

       "syslog: expecting argument %s"
	   (F) You forgot to give "syslog()" the indicated argument.

       "syslog: invalid level/facility: %s"
	   (F) You specified an invalid level or facility.

       "syslog: too many levels given: %s"
	   (F) You specified too many levels.

       "syslog: too many facilities given: %s"
	   (F) You specified too many facilities.

       "syslog: level must be given"
	   (F) You forgot to specify a level.

       "udp passed to setlogsock, but udp service unavailable"
	   (W) You asked "setlogsock()" to use a UDP socket, but the service
	   is not available on the system.

       "unix passed to setlogsock, but path not available"
	   (W) You asked "setlogsock()" to use a UNIX socket, but
	   "Sys::Syslog" was unable to find an appropriate an appropriate
	   device.

SEE ALSO
       Manual Pages

       syslog(3)

       SUSv3 issue 6, IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 edition,
       <http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/basedefs/syslog.h.html>

       GNU C Library documentation on syslog,
       <http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Syslog.html>

       Solaris 10 documentation on syslog,
       <http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/816-5168/6mbb3hruo?a=view>

       IRIX 6.4 documentation on syslog,
       <http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/tpl/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?coll=0640&db=man&fname=3c+syslog>

       AIX 5L 5.3 documentation on syslog,
       <http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/v5r3/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.aix.basetechref/doc/basetrf2/syslog.htm>

       HP-UX 11i documentation on syslog,
       <http://docs.hp.com/en/B9106-90010/syslog.3C.html>

       Tru64 5.1 documentation on syslog,
       <http://h30097.www3.hp.com/docs/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/V51_HTML/MAN/MAN3/0193____.HTM>

       Stratus VOS 15.1,
       <http://stratadoc.stratus.com/vos/15.1.1/r502-01/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm?context=r502-01&file=ch5r502-01bi.html>

       RFCs

       RFC 3164 - The BSD syslog Protocol,
       <http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3164.html> -- Please note that this is an
       informational RFC, and therefore does not specify a standard of any
       kind.

       RFC 3195 - Reliable Delivery for syslog,
       <http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3195.html>

       Articles

       Syslogging with Perl, <http://lexington.pm.org/meetings/022001.html>

       Event Log

       Windows Event Log,
       <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/wes/wes/windows_event_log.asp>

AUTHORS & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
       Tom Christiansen <tchrist (at) perl.com> and Larry Wall <larry (at)
       wall.org>.

       UNIX domain sockets added by Sean Robinson <robinson_s (at)
       sc.maricopa.edu> with support from Tim Bunce <Tim.Bunce (at) ig.co.uk>
       and the "perl5-porters" mailing list.

       Dependency on syslog.ph replaced with XS code by Tom Hughes <tom (at)
       compton.nu>.

       Code for "constant()"s regenerated by Nicholas Clark <nick (at)
       ccl4.org>.

       Failover to different communication modes by Nick Williams
       <Nick.Williams (at) morganstanley.com>.

       Extracted from core distribution for publishing on the CPAN by
       Sebastien Aperghis-Tramoni <sebastien (at) aperghis.net>.

       XS code for using native C functions borrowed from "Unix::Syslog",
       written by Marcus Harnisch <marcus.harnisch (at) gmx.net>.

       Yves Orton suggested and helped for making "Sys::Syslog" use the native
       event logger under Win32 systems.

       Jerry D. Hedden and Reini Urban provided greatly appreciated help to
       debug and polish "Sys::Syslog" under Cygwin.

BUGS
       Please report any bugs or feature requests to "bug-sys-syslog (at)
       rt.cpan.org", or through the web interface at
       <http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Sys-Syslog>.  I will
       be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on
       your bug as I make changes.

SUPPORT
       You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.

	   perldoc Sys::Syslog

       You can also look for information at:

       ·   AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation

	   <http://annocpan.org/dist/Sys-Syslog>

       ·   CPAN Ratings

	   <http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/Sys-Syslog>

       ·   RT: CPAN's request tracker

	   <http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Sys-Syslog>

       ·   Search CPAN

	   <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Sys-Syslog/>

       ·   Kobes' CPAN Search

	   <http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/dist/Sys-Syslog>

       ·   Perl Documentation

	   <http://perldoc.perl.org/Sys/Syslog.html>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 1990-2007 by Larry Wall and others.

LICENSE
       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under the same terms as Perl itself.

perl v5.10.0			  2007-12-18			Sys::Syslog(3)
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