Socket man page on MirBSD

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Socket(3p)	Perl Programmers Reference Guide       Socket(3p)

NAME
     Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa -
     load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators

SYNOPSIS
	 use Socket;

	 $proto = getprotobyname('udp');
	 socket(Socket_Handle, PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, $proto);
	 $iaddr = gethostbyname('hishost.com');
	 $port = getservbyname('time', 'udp');
	 $sin = sockaddr_in($port, $iaddr);
	 send(Socket_Handle, 0, 0, $sin);

	 $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
	 socket(Socket_Handle, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto);
	 $port = getservbyname('smtp', 'tcp');
	 $sin = sockaddr_in($port,inet_aton("127.1"));
	 $sin = sockaddr_in(7,inet_aton("localhost"));
	 $sin = sockaddr_in(7,INADDR_LOOPBACK);
	 connect(Socket_Handle,$sin);

	 ($port, $iaddr) = sockaddr_in(getpeername(Socket_Handle));
	 $peer_host = gethostbyaddr($iaddr, AF_INET);
	 $peer_addr = inet_ntoa($iaddr);

	 $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
	 socket(Socket_Handle, PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, $proto);
	 unlink('/var/run/usock');
	 $sun = sockaddr_un('/var/run/usock');
	 connect(Socket_Handle,$sun);

DESCRIPTION
     This module is just a translation of the C socket.h file.
     Unlike the old mechanism of requiring a translated socket.ph
     file, this uses the h2xs program (see the Perl source dis-
     tribution) and your native C compiler.  This means that it
     has a far more likely chance of getting the numbers right.
     This includes all of the commonly used pound-defines like
     AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, etc.

     Also, some common socket "newline" constants are provided:
     the constants "CR", "LF", and "CRLF", as well as $CR, $LF,
     and $CRLF, which map to "\015", "\012", and "\015\012".  If
     you do not want to use the literal characters in your pro-
     grams, then use the constants provided here.  They are not
     exported by default, but can be imported individually, and
     with the ":crlf" export tag:

	 use Socket qw(:DEFAULT :crlf);

perl v5.8.8		   2005-02-05				1

Socket(3p)	Perl Programmers Reference Guide       Socket(3p)

     In addition, some structure manipulation functions are
     available:

     inet_aton HOSTNAME
	 Takes a string giving the name of a host, and translates
	 that to an opaque string (if programming in C, struct
	 in_addr). Takes arguments of both the 'rtfm.mit.edu'
	 type and '18.181.0.24'. If the host name cannot be
	 resolved, returns undef.  For multi-homed hosts (hosts
	 with more than one address), the first address found is
	 returned.

	 For portability do not assume that the result of
	 inet_aton() is 32 bits wide, in other words, that it
	 would contain only the IPv4 address in network order.

     inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS
	 Takes a string (an opaque string as returned by
	 inet_aton(), or a v-string representing the four octets
	 of the IPv4 address in network order) and translates it
	 into a string of the form 'd.d.d.d' where the 'd's are
	 numbers less than 256 (the normal human-readable four
	 dotted number notation for Internet addresses).

     INADDR_ANY
	 Note: does not return a number, but a packed string.

	 Returns the 4-byte wildcard ip address which specifies
	 any of the hosts ip addresses.	 (A particular machine
	 can have more than one ip address, each address
	 corresponding to a particular network interface. This
	 wildcard address allows you to bind to all of them
	 simultaneously.) Normally equivalent to
	 inet_aton('0.0.0.0').

     INADDR_BROADCAST
	 Note: does not return a number, but a packed string.

	 Returns the 4-byte 'this-lan' ip broadcast address. This
	 can be useful for some protocols to solicit information
	 from all servers on the same LAN cable. Normally
	 equivalent to inet_aton('255.255.255.255').

     INADDR_LOOPBACK
	 Note - does not return a number.

	 Returns the 4-byte loopback address.  Normally
	 equivalent to inet_aton('localhost').

     INADDR_NONE
	 Note - does not return a number.

perl v5.8.8		   2005-02-05				2

Socket(3p)	Perl Programmers Reference Guide       Socket(3p)

	 Returns the 4-byte 'invalid' ip address.  Normally
	 equivalent to inet_aton('255.255.255.255').

     sockaddr_family SOCKADDR
	 Takes a sockaddr structure (as returned by
	 pack_sockaddr_in(), pack_sockaddr_un() or the perl buil-
	 tin functions getsockname() and getpeername()) and
	 returns the address family tag.  It will match the con-
	 stant AF_INET for a sockaddr_in and AF_UNIX for a
	 sockaddr_un.  It can be used to figure out what unpacker
	 to use for a sockaddr of unknown type.

     sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS
     sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN
	 In a list context, unpacks its SOCKADDR_IN argument and
	 returns an array consisting of (PORT, ADDRESS).  In a
	 scalar context, packs its (PORT, ADDRESS) arguments as a
	 SOCKADDR_IN and returns it.  If this is confusing, use
	 pack_sockaddr_in() and unpack_sockaddr_in() explicitly.

     pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS
	 Takes two arguments, a port number and an opaque string,
	 IP_ADDRESS (as returned by inet_aton(), or a v-string).
	 Returns the sockaddr_in structure with those arguments
	 packed in with AF_INET filled in.  For Internet domain
	 sockets, this structure is normally what you need for
	 the arguments in bind(), connect(), and send(), and is
	 also returned by getpeername(), getsockname() and
	 recv().

     unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN
	 Takes a sockaddr_in structure (as returned by
	 pack_sockaddr_in()) and returns an array of two ele-
	 ments: the port and an opaque string representing the IP
	 address (you can use inet_ntoa() to convert the address
	 to the four-dotted numeric format).  Will croak if the
	 structure does not have AF_INET in the right place.

     sockaddr_un PATHNAME
     sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
	 In a list context, unpacks its SOCKADDR_UN argument and
	 returns an array consisting of (PATHNAME).  In a scalar
	 context, packs its PATHNAME arguments as a SOCKADDR_UN
	 and returns it.  If this is confusing, use
	 pack_sockaddr_un() and unpack_sockaddr_un() explicitly.
	 These are only supported if your system has <sys/un.h>.

     pack_sockaddr_un PATH
	 Takes one argument, a pathname. Returns the sockaddr_un
	 structure with that path packed in with AF_UNIX filled
	 in. For unix domain sockets, this structure is normally
	 what you need for the arguments in bind(), connect(),

perl v5.8.8		   2005-02-05				3

Socket(3p)	Perl Programmers Reference Guide       Socket(3p)

	 and send(), and is also returned by getpeername(), get-
	 sockname() and recv().

     unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
	 Takes a sockaddr_un structure (as returned by
	 pack_sockaddr_un()) and returns the pathname.	Will
	 croak if the structure does not have AF_UNIX in the
	 right place.

perl v5.8.8		   2005-02-05				4

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