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ppp.Systems(4)							ppp.Systems(4)

NAME
       ppp.Systems - PPP neighboring systems description file format

DESCRIPTION
       The file describes how to connect with neighboring systems via PPP.

   Format
       Entries	are  one  to  a line; blank lines are ignored.	Comments begin
       with a and extend to the end of the line.   Upper/lower	case  distinc‐
       tions are ignored in hostname specifications, but are significant else‐
       where.  Fields on a  line  are  separated  by  horizontal  white	 space
       (blanks or tabs).  If a chat script ends with a backslash the next line
       is considered a continuation of the  chat  script.   Continuations  may
       only occur in the midst of a chat script.

       Each entry must contain six fields, in the following order:

       name	 The  hostname or IP address of the destination machine, which
		 should be resolvable locally.

       when	 A string that indicates the days of the week and the times of
		 day   when   the   system   can   be	called	(for  example,
		 MoTuTh0800-1740).  The day portion may be a  list  containing
		 any  of Su, Mo, Tu, We, Th, Fr or Sa.	The day may also be Wk
		 for any weekday (same as MoTuWeThFr) or Any for any day (same
		 as SuMoTuWeThFrSa).

		 You  can  indicate hours in a range (for example, 0800-1230).
		 If you do not specify a time, calls will be  allowed  at  any
		 time.

		 Note  that  a	time  range that spans 0000 is permitted.  For
		 example, 0800-0600 means that all times  are  allowed	except
		 times between 6 AM and 8 AM.

		 Multiple date specifications that are separated by a vertical
		 bar (|) are allowed.  For example,  Any0100-0600|Sa|Su	 means
		 that  the  system can be called any day between 1 AM and 6 AM
		 or any time on Saturday and Sunday.

		 The entire (sequence of) days and times may be followed by  a
		 semicolon  and	 up  to	 three	decimal	 numbers  separated by
		 hyphens:

		 one	 If only one number follows the semicolon, it is  used
			 as  the  redial  delay, which is the initial time (in
			 seconds) before a failed call will be	retried.   For
			 example,  Any;60  means  call	any  time, but wait at
			 least 60 seconds after a failure has occurred	before
			 trying	 to  call  again.  If a call retry fails, will
			 double the delay before trying again.	If no  initial
			 retry delay is specified, 10 seconds is assumed.

		 two	 If  two numbers follow the semicolon, the second num‐
			 ber is used as the maximum redial delay, which is the
			 maximum  time (in seconds) to delay before retrying a
			 call.	The retry time will double  with  each	unsuc‐
			 cessful call until it reaches this value, after which
			 the call will be retried every time the maximum  num‐
			 ber  of seconds passes.  If no maximum retry delay is
			 specified, 3600 seconds is assumed.

		 three	 If three numbers follow the semicolon, the  first  is
			 used  as the callback delay, the second as the redial
			 delay, and the third as  the  maximum	redial	delay.
			 The  callback	delay is the time (in seconds) to wait
			 before attempting to re-establish a previously active
			 connection  that ended because of an abrupt line dis‐
			 connection (a Hangup  or  SIGHUP  event  in  the  log
			 file).	  The  default	is not to delay before calling
			 back.

		 During the delay following an unsuccessful call, any level  7
		 debugging messages written to will have the message appended.

       device	 If  set  to  any device in with a matching speed may be used.
		 The device's dialer chat script will be executed first,  fol‐
		 lowed by the chat script.

		 If  set  to the name of a device in the directory etc.), then
		 there may be an optional corresponding entry in will  not  be
		 consulted, and only the chat script will be executed.

		 If set to then it must be followed by a slash, then the host‐
		 name or IP address of the system that will serve as the  des‐
		 tination of the PPP link, then another slash, then the socket
		 number on which to contact the remote PPP daemon.

       speed	 The speed of the connection.  If the device field is ACU, the
		 speed	field will be string matched against entries in Speeds
		 must either be valid speed numbers or must  begin  with  them
		 (2400,	 38400,	 19200-PEP,  etc.).  If the device field is or
		 the speed field is ignored, but must be present as  a	place-
		 holder.

       phone number
		 The  value  to	 replace  the  escape  sequence	 in the dialer
		 script.  If the device field names an entry in the phone num‐
		 ber  field  is optional.  If the device field is or the phone
		 number field is ignored if present, but must be present as  a
		 placeholder.

       chat script
		 A  description of the conversation that holds with the remote
		 machine.

   Chat Script Particulars
       A chat script takes the form of a word to  expect  the  remote  end  to
       send,  followed	by  a  word to send in response.  Unless a string ends
       with will follow it by  sending	a  carriage  return  character	(ASCII
       0x0d).

       Chat  scripts are or where the send following the hyphen is executed if
       the preceding expect fails to match received text.

       Certain special words may be used in chat script strings to control the
       behavior	 of as it attempts to dial.  Both ABORT and TIMEOUT must be in
       the phase of the chat script.

	      If		       sees abort-string while	executing  the
				       remainder of the chat script, abort the
				       dialing attempt and note the failure in
				       the log file.

	      While executing the current chat script, wait timeout-time
				       seconds for an expected response before
				       regarding the dialing attempt as having
				       failed.	 Writes have a fixed 60-second
				       timeout.

       The expect-send couplet of 'sets the line parity accordingly:

	      Set transmission parity based on the parity observed in  charac‐
	      ters
			received in strings.  This is the default.

	      Transmit	characters with the parity bit set to zero (8 bits, no
	      parity).

	      Transmit characters with the parity bit set to one.

	      Transmit characters with even parity.

	      Transmit characters with odd parity.

       The backquote character surrounds the name of a program that is	to  be
       run  before  proceeding.	  If the program is run in the phase of a chat
       script couplet, its standard output will be sent to the peer  when  the
       program	exits.	 Chat  script  processing  continues  when the program
       exits.

       In the midst of either an string or a string, gets translated into  the
       appropriate  control character, and gets translated into x.  Other spe‐
       cial sequences are:

	      Send or receive a space character (ASCII 0x20).

	      Send or receive a horizontal tab character (ASCII 0x09).

	      Send or receive a line feed character (ASCII 0x0a).

	      Send or receive a carriage return character (ASCII 0x0d).

	      Send or receive a backslash character (ASCII 0x5c).

	      Send or receive a carat character (ASCII 0x5e).

	      Send or receive the single character Ctrl-character (ASCII 0x00
			  through 0x1f).

	      Send or receive a character, specified in octal digits.

	      Pause for .25 second before proceeding (send only).

	      Delay for two seconds before proceeding (send only).

	      Send a break (.25 second of zero bits).

	      Disable hangups (sets CLOCAL or LNOHANG).

	      enable hangups (unsets CLOCAL or LNOHANG) (the default).

	      Don't append a carriage return character after sending the  pre‐
	      ceding string (send only).

	      Don't  print  following  send  strings (e.g., a password) in any
	      debugging
			  or  logging  output.	 Subsequent  sequences	toggle
			  mode.

	      Parse the incoming string as an IP address, written as four dec‐
	      imal
			  numbers separated by periods, and  use  it  for  the
			  local	 end of the point-to-point connection (receive
			  only).

EXAMPLES
       In the example below, we call host using a Telebit PEP modem  with  its
       DTE interface set at 19200 bps.	We call host using a V.32/V.42/V.42bis
       modem that's capable of driving a 38400 DTE, and we  are	 connected  to
       host  via a direct cable attached to running asynchronous PPP.  We talk
       to via a T1 CSU/DSU attached to port 0 on a SnapLink.  And  we  connect
       with  pseudo-one	 via  a PPP connection tunneled across a TCP stream to
       port 77 on realone.somewhere.com.

       If we are unsuccessful at connecting with we will try again in two sec‐
       onds.  If that attempt fails, we will wait four seconds before the next
       attempt; then eight, then sixteen, then thirty two, then forty seconds.
       We  will continue attempting to contact every forty seconds.  Our retry
       intervals and maximum backoff values for and are the default

       The notation "" "" means to expect nothing, then send nothing (followed
       by  a  carriage	return).  The implicit carriage return is often useful
       for eliciting a response from a remote system.

	      #
	      #	      Systems - PPP systems file
	      #
	      everyone Any ACU 19200-PEP 5551212 in:--in: Pwe word: \qfoObar
	      nobody Any ACU 38400 5551213 in:--in: Pthey word: \qbaZz1ng
	      someone Any;2-40 cua 38400 0 in:--in: Pthem word: \qmeumBle
	      anyone Any rsd0a/0 1536000
	      pseudo-one Any;2-2 tcp/realone.somewhere.com/57

RECOMMENDATIONS
       The default retry time and backoff (i.e., Any;10-3600) are  appropriate
       for  use	 with  dialup  connections  where  the	PPP connection must be
       reestablished as quickly as possible after an interruption but where it
       is  not	desirable  to  continuously redial a host that may be down.  A
       much shorter maximum would be appropriate for a dedicated line  between
       two systems, or where call attempts cost nothing.

       Moderate	 call  retry  times,  such as 60 seconds, work well on systems
       that can establish connections in either direction using dialup modems,
       to avoid deadlocks waiting for telephone busy signals from each calling
       the other at the same time.  Because  of	 the  difference  between  the
       behaviors  of  originating  and	answering modems, the 60-second clocks
       will usually start ticking at different times,  allowing	 one  side  to
       call  the  other	 without  interference.	 Alternatively, different call
       retry times may be specified at either end of a link to help  keep  the
       two systems from calling each other simultaneously.

       If  you	specify host names, be sure that their addresses are available
       locally, even with the connection down.	If  you	 find  that  you  must
       bring  up  a  connection	 to resolve a domain name, consider using that
       host's IP address (decimal numbers separated by periods)	 in  both  and
       instead.

       Automatic  failover  recovery can be arranged between systems that each
       have multiple modems, or multiple connection methods.  If  two  systems
       are  connected  via a dedicated line (sync or async), that entry should
       be first in followed by another entry describing an  on-demand  dial-up
       connection.  See the for more details.

SECURITY CONCERNS
       The file should be mode 600.

AUTHOR
       was developed by the Progressive Systems.

SEE ALSO
       pppd(1),	 ppp.Auth(4),  ppp.Devices(4),	ppp.Dialers(4), ppp.Filter(4),
       ppp.Keys(4).

       RFC 1055, RFC 1144, RFC 1332, RFC 1548.

								ppp.Systems(4)
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