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Pcap(3pm)	      User Contributed Perl Documentation	     Pcap(3pm)

NAME
       Net::Pcap - Interface to the pcap(3) LBL packet capture library

VERSION
       Version 0.18

SYNOPSIS
	   use Net::Pcap;

	   my $err = '';
	   my $dev = pcap_lookupdev(\$err);  # find a device

	   # open the device for live listening
	   my $pcap = pcap_open_live($dev, 1024, 1, 0, \$err);

	   # loop over next 10 packets
	   pcap_loop($pcap, 10, \&process_packet, "just for the demo");

	   # close the device
	   pcap_close($pcap);

	   sub process_packet {
	       my ($user_data, $header, $packet) = @_;
	       # do something ...
	   }

DESCRIPTION
       "Net::Pcap" is a Perl binding to the LBL pcap(3) library and its Win32
       counterpart, the WinPcap library. Pcap (packet capture) is a portable
       API to capture network packet: it allows applications to capture
       packets at link-layer, bypassing the normal protocol stack. It also
       provides features like kernel-level packet filtering and access to
       internal statistics.

       Common applications include network statistics collection, security
       monitoring, network debugging, etc.

NOTES
   Signals handling
       Since version 5.7.3, Perl uses a mechanism called "deferred signals" to
       delay signals delivery until "safe" points in the interpreter.  See
       "Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in perlipc for a detailed
       explanation.

       Since "Net::Pcap" version 0.08, released in October 2005, the module
       modified the internal variable "PL_signals" to re-enable immediate
       signals delivery in Perl 5.8 and later within some XS functions (CPAN-
       RT #6320). However, it can create situations where the Perl interpreter
       is less stable and can crash (CPAN-RT #43308). Therefore, as of version
       0.17, "Net::Pcap" no longer modifies "PL_signals" by itself, but
       provides facilities so the user has full control of how signals are
       delivered.

       First, the "pcap_perl_settings()" function allows one to select how
       signals are handled:

	   pcap_perl_settings(PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE);
	   pcap_loop($pcap, 10, \&process_packet, "");
	   pcap_perl_settings(PERL_SIGNALS_SAFE);

       Then, to easily make code interruptable, "Net::Pcap" provides the
       "UNSAFE_SIGNALS" pseudo-bloc:

	   UNSAFE_SIGNALS {
	       pcap_loop($pcap, 10, \&process_packet, "");
	   };

       (Stolen from Rafael Garcia-Suarez's "Perl::Unsafe::Signals")

EXPORTS
       "Net::Pcap" supports the following "Exporter" tags:

       ·   ":bpf" exports a few BPF related constants:

	       BPF_ALIGNMENT  BPF_MAJOR_VERSION	 BPF_MAXBUFSIZE	 BPF_MAXINSNS
	       BPF_MEMWORDS  BPF_MINBUFSIZE  BPF_MINOR_VERSION	BPF_RELEASE

       ·   ":datalink" exports the data link types macros:

	       DLT_AIRONET_HEADER  DLT_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394  DLT_ARCNET
	       DLT_ARCNET_LINUX	 DLT_ATM_CLIP  DLT_ATM_RFC1483	DLT_AURORA
	       DLT_AX25	 DLT_CHAOS  DLT_CHDLC  DLT_CISCO_IOS  DLT_C_HDLC
	       DLT_DOCSIS  DLT_ECONET  DLT_EN10MB  DLT_EN3MB  DLT_ENC  DLT_FDDI
	       DLT_FRELAY  DLT_HHDLC  DLT_IBM_SN  DLT_IBM_SP  DLT_IEEE802
	       DLT_IEEE802_11  DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS
	       DLT_IPFILTER  DLT_IP_OVER_FC  DLT_JUNIPER_ATM1 DLT_JUNIPER_ATM2
	       DLT_JUNIPER_ES  DLT_JUNIPER_GGSN	 DLT_JUNIPER_MFR DLT_JUNIPER_MLFR
	       DLT_JUNIPER_MLPPP  DLT_JUNIPER_MONITOR  DLT_JUNIPER_SERVICES
	       DLT_LINUX_IRDA  DLT_LINUX_SLL  DLT_LOOP	DLT_LTALK  DLT_NULL
	       DLT_OLD_PFLOG  DLT_PCI_EXP  DLT_PFLOG  DLT_PFSYNC  DLT_PPP
	       DLT_PPP_BSDOS  DLT_PPP_ETHER  DLT_PPP_SERIAL  DLT_PRISM_HEADER
	       DLT_PRONET  DLT_RAW  DLT_RIO  DLT_SLIP  DLT_SLIP_BSDOS  DLT_SUNATM
	       DLT_SYMANTEC_FIREWALL  DLT_TZSP	DLT_USER0  DLT_USER1  DLT_USER2
	       DLT_USER3  DLT_USER4  DLT_USER5	DLT_USER6  DLT_USER7  DLT_USER8
	       DLT_USER9  DLT_USER10  DLT_USER11  DLT_USER12  DLT_USER13
	       DLT_USER14  DLT_USER15

       ·   ":pcap" exports the following "pcap" constants:

	       PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE	   PCAP_IF_LOOPBACK
	       PCAP_VERSION_MAJOR  PCAP_VERSION_MINOR

       ·   ":mode" exports the following constants:

	       MODE_CAPT  MODE_MON  MODE_STAT

       ·   ":openflag" exports the following constants:

	       OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS  OPENFLAG_DATATX_UDP  OPENFLAG_NOCAPTURE_RPCAP

       ·   ":source" exports the following constants:

	       PCAP_SRC_FILE  PCAP_SRC_IFLOCAL	PCAP_SRC_IFREMOTE

       ·   ":sample" exports the following constants:

	       PCAP_SAMP_NOSAMP	 PCAP_SAMP_1_EVERY_N  PCAP_SAMP_FIRST_AFTER_N_MS

       ·   ":rpcap" exports the following constants:

	       RMTAUTH_NULL  RMTAUTH_PWD

       ·   ":functions" short names of the functions (without the "pcap_"
	   prefix) for those which would not cause a clash with an already
	   defined name.  Namely, the following functions are not available in
	   short form: "open()", "close()", "next()", "dump()", "file()",
	   "fileno()".	Using these short names is now discouraged, and may be
	   removed in the future.

       By default, this module exports the symbols from the ":datalink" and
       ":pcap" tags, and all the functions, with the same names as the C
       library.

FUNCTIONS
       All functions defined by "Net::Pcap" are direct mappings to the libpcap
       functions.  Consult the pcap(3) documentation and source code for more
       information.

       Arguments that change a parameter, for example "pcap_lookupdev()", are
       passed that parameter as a reference.  This is to retain compatibility
       with previous versions of "Net::Pcap".

   Lookup functions
       pcap_lookupdev(\$err)
	   Returns the name of a network device that can be used with
	   "pcap_open_live()" function.	 On error, the $err parameter is
	   filled with an appropriate error message else it is undefined.

	   Example

	       $dev = pcap_lookupdev();

       pcap_findalldevs(\%devinfo, \$err)
	   Returns a list of all network device names that can be used with
	   "pcap_open_live()" function.	 On error, the $err parameter is
	   filled with an appropriate error message else it is undefined.

	   Example

	       @devs = pcap_findalldevs(\%devinfo, \$err);
	       for my $dev (@devs) {
		   print "$dev : $devinfo{$dev}\n"
	       }

	   Note
	       For backward compatibility reasons, this function can also be
	       called using the following signatures:

		   @devs = pcap_findalldevs(\$err);

		   @devs = pcap_findalldevs(\$err, \%devinfo);

	       The first form was introduced by Marco Carnut in "Net::Pcap"
	       version 0.05 and kept intact in versions 0.06 and 0.07.	The
	       second form was introduced by Jean-Louis Morel for the Windows
	       only, ActivePerl port of "Net::Pcap", in versions 0.04.01 and
	       0.04.02.

	       The new syntax has been introduced for consistency with the
	       rest of the Perl API and the C API of libpcap(3), where $err is
	       always the last argument.

       pcap_lookupnet($dev, \$net, \$mask, \$err)
	   Determine the network number and netmask for the device specified
	   in $dev.  The function returns 0 on success and sets the $net and
	   $mask parameters with values.  On failure it returns -1 and the
	   $err parameter is filled with an appropriate error message.

   Packet capture functions
       pcap_open_live($dev, $snaplen, $promisc, $to_ms, \$err)
	   Returns a packet capture descriptor for looking at packets on the
	   network.  The $dev parameter specifies which network interface to
	   capture packets from.  The $snaplen and $promisc parameters specify
	   the maximum number of bytes to capture from each packet, and
	   whether to put the interface into promiscuous mode, respectively.
	   The $to_ms parameter specifies a read timeout in milliseconds.  The
	   packet descriptor will be undefined if an error occurs, and the
	   $err parameter will be set with an appropriate error message.

	   Example

	       $dev = pcap_lookupdev();
	       $pcap = pcap_open_live($dev, 1024, 1, 0, \$err)
		   or die "Can't open device $dev: $err\n";

       pcap_open_dead($linktype, $snaplen)
	   Creates and returns a new packet descriptor to use when calling the
	   other functions in "libpcap". It is typically used when just using
	   "libpcap" for compiling BPF code.

	   Example

	       $pcap = pcap_open_dead(0, 1024);

       pcap_open_offline($filename, \$err)
	   Return a packet capture descriptor to read from a previously
	   created "savefile".	The returned descriptor is undefined if there
	   was an error and in this case the $err parameter will be filled.
	   Savefiles are created using the "pcap_dump_*" commands.

	   Example

	       $pcap = pcap_open_offline($dump, \$err)
		   or die "Can't read '$dump': $err\n";

       pcap_loop($pcap, $count, \&callback, $user_data)
	   Read $count packets from the packet capture descriptor $pcap and
	   call the perl function &callback with an argument of $user_data.
	   If $count is negative, then the function loops forever or until an
	   error occurs. Returns 0 if $count is exhausted, -1 on error, and -2
	   if the loop terminated due to a call to pcap_breakloop() before any
	   packets were processed.

	   The callback function is also passed packet header information and
	   packet data like so:

	       sub process_packet {
		   my ($user_data, $header, $packet) = @_;

		   ...
	       }

	   The header information is a reference to a hash containing the
	   following fields.

	   ·   "len" - the total length of the packet.

	   ·   "caplen" - the actual captured length of the packet data.  This
	       corresponds to the snapshot length parameter passed to
	       "open_live()".

	   ·   "tv_sec" - seconds value of the packet timestamp.

	   ·   "tv_usec" - microseconds value of the packet timestamp.

	   Example

	       pcap_loop($pcap, 10, \&process_packet, "user data");

	       sub process_packet {
		   my ($user_data, $header, $packet) = @_;
		   # ...
	       }

       pcap_breakloop($pcap)
	   Sets a flag	that will force "pcap_dispatch()" or "pcap_loop()" to
	   return rather than looping; they will return the number of packets
	   that have been processed so far, or -2 if no packets have been
	   processed so far.

	   This routine is safe to use inside a signal handler on UNIX or a
	   console control handler on Windows, as it merely sets a flag that
	   is checked within the loop.

	   Please see the section on "pcap_breakloop()" in pcap(3) for more
	   information.

       pcap_close($pcap)
	   Close the packet capture device associated with the descriptor
	   $pcap.

       pcap_dispatch($pcap, $count, \&callback, $user_data)
	   Collect $count packets and process them with callback function
	   &callback.  if $count is -1, all packets currently buffered are
	   processed.  If $count is 0, process all packets until an error
	   occurs.

       pcap_next($pcap, \%header)
	   Return the next available packet on the interface associated with
	   packet descriptor $pcap.  Into the %header hash is stored the
	   received packet header.  If not packet is available, the return
	   value and header is undefined.

       pcap_next_ex($pcap, \%header, \$packet)
	   Reads the next available packet on the interface associated with
	   packet descriptor $pcap, stores its header in "\%header" and its
	   data in "\$packet" and returns a success/failure indication:

	   ·   1 means that the packet was read without problems;

	   ·   0 means that packets are being read from a live capture, and
	       the timeout expired;

	   ·   "-1" means that an error occurred while reading the packet;

	   ·   "-2" packets are being read from a dump file, and there are no
	       more packets to read from the savefile.

       pcap_compile($pcap, \$filter, $filter_str, $optimize, $netmask)
	   Compile the filter string contained in $filter_str and store it in
	   $filter.  A description of the filter language can be found in the
	   libpcap source code, or the manual page for tcpdump(8) .  The
	   filter is optimized if the $optimize variable is true.  The netmask
	   of the network device must be specified in the $netmask parameter.
	   The function returns 0 if the compilation was successful, or -1 if
	   there was a problem.

       pcap_compile_nopcap($snaplen, $linktype, \$filter, $filter_str,
       $optimize, $netmask)
	   Similar to "compile()" except that instead of passing a $pcap
	   descriptor, one passes $snaplen and $linktype directly. Returns -1
	   if there was an error, but the error message is not available.

       pcap_setfilter($pcap, $filter)
	   Associate the compiled filter stored in $filter with the packet
	   capture descriptor $pcap.

       pcap_freecode($filter)
	   Used to free the allocated memory used by a compiled filter, as
	   created by "pcap_compile()".

       pcap_offline_filter($filter, \%header, $packet)
	   Check whether $filter matches the packet described by header
	   %header and packet data $packet. Returns true if the packet
	   matches.

       pcap_setnonblock($pcap, $mode, \$err)
	   Set the non-blocking mode of a live capture descriptor, depending
	   on the value of $mode (zero to activate and non-zero to
	   deactivate). It has no effect on offline descriptors. If there is
	   an error, it returns -1 and sets $err.

	   In non-blocking mode, an attempt to read from the capture
	   descriptor with "pcap_dispatch()" will, if no packets are currently
	   available to be read, return 0  immediately rather than blocking
	   waiting for packets to arrive.  "pcap_loop()" and "pcap_next()"
	   will not work in non-blocking mode.

       pcap_getnonblock($pcap, \$err)
	   Returns the non-blocking state of the capture descriptor $pcap.
	   Always returns 0 on savefiles. If there is an error, it returns -1
	   and sets $err.

   Savefile commands
       pcap_dump_open($pcap, $filename)
	   Open a savefile for writing and return a descriptor for doing so.
	   If $filename is "-" data is written to standard output.  On error,
	   the return value is undefined and "pcap_geterr()" can be used to
	   retrieve the error text.

       pcap_dump($dumper, \%header, $packet)
	   Dump the packet described by header %header and packet data $packet
	   to the savefile associated with $dumper.  The packet header has the
	   same format as that passed to the "pcap_loop()" callback.

	   Example

	       my $dump_file = 'network.dmp';
	       my $dev = pcap_lookupdev();
	       my $pcap = pcap_open_live($dev, 1024, 1, 0, \$err);

	       my $dumper = pcap_dump_open($pcap, $dump_file);
	       pcap_loop($pcap, 10, \&process_packet, '');
	       pcap_dump_close($dumper);

	       sub process_packet {
		   my ($user_data, $header, $packet) = @_;
		   pcap_dump($dumper, $header, $packet);
	       }

       pcap_dump_file($dumper)
	   Returns the filehandle associated with a savefile opened with
	   "pcap_dump_open()".

       pcap_dump_flush($dumper)
	   Flushes the output buffer to the corresponding save file, so that
	   any packets written with "pcap_dump()" but not yet written to the
	   save file will be written. Returns -1 on error, 0 on success.

       pcap_dump_close($dumper)
	   Close the savefile associated with the descriptor $dumper.

   Status functions
       pcap_datalink($pcap)
	   Returns the link layer type associated with the given pcap
	   descriptor.

	   Example

	       $linktype = pcap_datalink($pcap);

       pcap_set_datalink($pcap, $linktype)
	   Sets the data link type of the given pcap descriptor to the type
	   specified by $linktype. Returns -1 on failure.

       pcap_datalink_name_to_val($name)
	   Translates a data link type name, which is a "DLT_" name with the
	   "DLT_" part removed, to the corresponding data link type value. The
	   translation is case-insensitive. Returns -1 on failure.

	   Example

	       $linktype = pcap_datalink_name_to_val('LTalk');	# returns DLT_LTALK

       pcap_datalink_val_to_name($linktype)
	   Translates a data link type value to the corresponding data link
	   type name.

	   Example

	       $name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(DLT_LTALK);  # returns 'LTALK'

       pcap_datalink_val_to_description($linktype)
	   Translates a data link type value to a short description of that
	   data link type.

	   Example

	       $descr = pcap_datalink_val_to_description(DLT_LTALK);  # returns 'Localtalk'

       pcap_snapshot($pcap)
	   Returns the snapshot length (snaplen) specified in the call to
	   "pcap_open_live()".

       pcap_is_swapped($pcap)
	   This function returns true if the endianness of the currently open
	   savefile is different from the endianness of the machine.

       pcap_major_version($pcap)
	   Return the major version number of the pcap library used to write
	   the currently open savefile.

       pcap_minor_version($pcap)
	   Return the minor version of the pcap library used to write the
	   currently open savefile.

       pcap_stats($pcap, \%stats)
	   Returns a hash containing information about the status of packet
	   capture device $pcap.  The hash contains the following fields.

	   This function is supported only on live captures, not on savefiles;
	   no statistics are stored in savefiles, so no statistics are
	   available when reading from a savefile.

	   ·   "ps_recv" - the number of packets received by the packet
	       capture software.

	   ·   "ps_drop" - the number of packets dropped by the packet capture
	       software.

	   ·   "ps_ifdrop" - the number of packets dropped by the network
	       interface.

       pcap_file($pcap)
	   Returns the filehandle associated with a savefile opened with
	   "pcap_open_offline()" or "undef" if the device was opened with
	   "pcap_open_live()".

       pcap_fileno($pcap)
	   Returns the file number of the network device opened with
	   "pcap_open_live()".

       pcap_get_selectable_fd($pcap)
	   Returns, on Unix, a file descriptor number for a file descriptor on
	   which one can do a "select()" or "poll()" to wait for it to be
	   possible to read packets without blocking, if such a descriptor
	   exists, or -1, if no such descriptor exists. Some network devices
	   opened with "pcap_open_live()" do not support "select()" or
	   "poll()", so -1 is returned for those devices.  See pcap(3) for
	   more details.

   Error handling
       pcap_geterr($pcap)
	   Returns an error message for the last error associated with the
	   packet capture device $pcap.

       pcap_strerror($errno)
	   Returns a string describing error number $errno.

       pcap_perror($pcap, $prefix)
	   Prints the text of the last error associated with descriptor $pcap
	   on standard error, prefixed by $prefix.

   Information
       pcap_lib_version()
	   Returns the name and version of the "pcap" library the module was
	   linked against.

   Perl specific functions
       The following functions are specific to the Perl binding of libpcap.

       pcap_perl_settings($setting)
	   Modify internal behaviour of the Perl interpreter.

	   ·   "PERL_SIGNALS_SAFE", "PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE" respectively enable
	       safe or unsafe signals delivery. Returns the previous value of
	       "PL_signals".  See "Signals handling".

	       Example:

		   local $SIG{ALRM} = sub { pcap_breakloop() };
		   alarm 60;

		   pcap_perl_settings(PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE);
		   pcap_loop($pcap, 10, \&process_packet, "");
		   pcap_perl_settings(PERL_SIGNALS_SAFE);

   WinPcap specific functions
       The following functions are only available with WinPcap, the Win32 port
       of the Pcap library.  If a called function is not available, it will
       cleanly "croak()".

       pcap_createsrcstr(\$source, $type, $host, $port, $name, \$err)
	   Accepts a set of strings (host name, port, ...), and stores the
	   complete source string according to the new format (e.g.
	   "rpcap://1.2.3.4/eth0") in $source.

	   This function is provided in order to help the user creating the
	   source string according to the new format. An unique source string
	   is used in order to make easy for old applications to use the
	   remote facilities.  Think about tcpdump(1), for example, which has
	   only one way to specify the interface on which the capture has to
	   be started. However, GUI-based programs can find more useful to
	   specify hostname, port and interface name separately. In that case,
	   they can use this function to create the source string before
	   passing it to the "pcap_open()" function.

	   Returns 0 if everything is fine, -1 if some errors occurred. The
	   string containing the complete source is returned in the $source
	   variable.

       pcap_parsesrcstr($source, \$type, \$host, \$port, \$name, \$err)
	   Parse the source string and stores the pieces in which the source
	   can be split in the corresponding variables.

	   This call is the other way round of "pcap_createsrcstr()". It
	   accepts a null-terminated string and it returns the parameters
	   related to the source.  This includes:

	   ·   the type of the source (file, WinPcap on a remote adapter,
	       WinPcap on local adapter), which is determined by the source
	       prefix ("PCAP_SRC_IF_STRING" and so on);

	   ·   the host on which the capture has to be started (only for
	       remote captures);

	   ·   the raw name of the source (file name, name of the remote
	       adapter, name of the local adapter), without the source prefix.
	       The string returned does not include the type of the source
	       itself (i.e. the string returned does not include "file://" or
	       "rpcap://" or such).

	   The user can omit some parameters in case it is not interested in
	   them.

	   Returns 0 if everything is fine, -1 if some errors occurred. The
	   requested values (host name, network port, type of the source) are
	   returned into the proper variables passed by reference.

       pcap_open($source, $snaplen, $flags, $read_timeout, \$auth, \$err)
	   Open a generic source in order to capture / send (WinPcap only)
	   traffic.

	   The "pcap_open()" replaces all the "pcap_open_xxx()" functions with
	   a single call.

	   This function hides the differences between the different
	   "pcap_open_xxx()" functions so that the programmer does not have to
	   manage different opening function. In this way, the true "open()"
	   function is decided according to the source type, which is included
	   into the source string (in the form of source prefix).

	   Returns a pointer to a pcap descriptor which can be used as a
	   parameter to the following calls ("compile()" and so on) and that
	   specifies an opened WinPcap session. In case of problems, it
	   returns "undef" and the $err variable keeps the error message.

       pcap_setbuff($pcap, $dim)
	   Sets the size of the kernel buffer associated with an adapter.
	   $dim specifies the size of the buffer in bytes.  The return value
	   is 0 when the call succeeds, -1 otherwise.

	   If an old buffer was already created with a previous call to
	   "setbuff()", it is deleted and its content is discarded.
	   "open_live()" creates a 1 MB buffer by default.

       pcap_setmode($pcap, $mode)
	   Sets the working mode of the interface $pcap to $mode.  Valid
	   values for $mode are "MODE_CAPT" (default capture mode) and
	   "MODE_STAT" (statistical mode).

       pcap_setmintocopy($pcap_t, $size)
	   Changes the minimum amount of data in the kernel buffer that causes
	   a read from the application to return (unless the timeout expires).

       pcap_getevent($pcap)
	   Returns the "Win32::Event" object associated with the interface
	   $pcap. Can be used to wait until the driver's buffer contains some
	   data without performing a read. See Win32::Event.

       pcap_sendpacket($pcap, $packet)
	   Send a raw packet to the network. $pcap is the interface that will
	   be used to send the packet, $packet contains the data of the packet
	   to send (including the various protocol headers). The MAC CRC
	   doesn't need to be included, because it is transparently calculated
	   and added by the network interface driver. The return value is 0 if
	   the packet is successfully sent, -1 otherwise.

       pcap_sendqueue_alloc($memsize)
	   This function allocates and returns a send queue, i.e. a buffer
	   containing a set of raw packets that will be transmitted on the
	   network with "sendqueue_transmit()".

	   $memsize is the size, in bytes, of the queue, therefore it
	   determines the maximum amount of data that the queue will contain.
	   This memory is automatically deallocated when the queue ceases to
	   exist.

       pcap_sendqueue_queue($queue, \%header, $packet)
	   Adds a packet at the end of the send queue pointed by $queue. The
	   packet header %header has the same format as that passed to the
	   "loop()" callback. $ackekt is a buffer with the data of the packet.

	   The %headerr header structure is the same used by WinPcap and
	   libpcap to store the packets in a file, therefore sending a capture
	   file is straightforward. "Raw packet" means that the sending
	   application will have to include the protocol headers, since every
	   packet is sent to the network as is. The CRC of the packets needs
	   not to be calculated, because it will be transparently added by the
	   network interface.

       pcap_sendqueue_transmit($pcap, $queue, $sync)
	   This function transmits the content of a queue to the wire. $pcapt
	   is the interface on which the packets will be sent, $queue is to a
	   "send_queue" containing the packets to send, $sync determines if
	   the send operation must be synchronized: if it is non-zero, the
	   packets are sent respecting the timestamps, otherwise they are sent
	   as fast as possible.

	   The return value is the amount of bytes actually sent. If it is
	   smaller than the size parameter, an error occurred during the send.
	   The error can be caused by a driver/adapter problem or by an
	   inconsistent/bogus send queue.

CONSTANTS
       "Net::Pcap" exports by default the names of several constants in order
       to ease the development of programs. See "EXPORTS" for details about
       which constants are exported.

       Here are the descriptions of a few data link types. See pcap(3) for a
       more complete description and semantics associated with each data link.

       ·   "DLT_NULL" - BSD loopback encapsulation

       ·   "DLT_EN10MB" - Ethernet (10Mb, 100Mb, 1000Mb, and up)

       ·   "DLT_RAW" - raw IP

       ·   "DLT_IEEE802" - IEEE 802.5 Token Ring

       ·   "DLT_IEEE802_11" - IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN

       ·   "DLT_FRELAY" - Frame Relay

       ·   "DLT_FDDI" - FDDI

       ·   "DLT_SLIP" - Serial Line IP

       ·   "DLT_PPP" - PPP (Point-to-point Protocol)

       ·   "DLT_PPP_SERIAL" - PPP over serial with HDLC encapsulation

       ·   "DLT_PPP_ETHER" - PPP over Ethernet

       ·   "DLT_IP_OVER_FC" - RFC  2625	 IP-over-Fibre	Channel

       ·   "DLT_AX25" - Amateur Radio AX.25

       ·   "DLT_LINUX_IRDA" - Linux-IrDA

       ·   "DLT_LTALK" - Apple	LocalTalk

       ·   "DLT_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394" - Apple IP-over-IEEE 1394 (a.k.a.
	   Firewire)

DIAGNOSTICS
       "arg%d not a scalar ref"
       "arg%d not a hash ref"
       "arg%d not a reference"
	   (F) These errors occur if you forgot to give a reference to a
	   function which expect one or more of its arguments to be
	   references.

BUGS
       Please report any bugs or feature requests to
       "bug-Net-Pcap@rt.cpan.org", or through the web interface at
       <http://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=Net-Pcap>.  I will be
       notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your
       bug as I make changes.

       Currently known bugs:

       ·   the "ps_recv" field is not correctly set; see t/07-stats.t

       ·   "pcap_file()" seems to always returns "undef" for live connection
	   and causes segmentation fault for dump files; see t/10-fileno.t

       ·   "pcap_fileno()" is documented to return -1 when called on save
	   file, but seems to always return an actual file number.  See
	   t/10-fileno.t

       ·   "pcap_dump_file()" seems to corrupt something somewhere, and makes
	   scripts dump core. See t/05-dump.t

EXAMPLES
       See the eg/ and t/ directories of the "Net::Pcap" distribution for
       examples on using this module.

SEE ALSO
   Perl Modules
       the NetPacket or Net::Frame modules to assemble and disassemble
       packets.

       Net::Pcap::Reassemble for reassembly of TCP/IP fragments.

       POE::Component::Pcap for using "Net::Pcap" within POE-based programs.

       AnyEvent::Pcap for using "Net::Pcap" within AnyEvent-based programs.

       Net::Packet or NetPacket for decoding and creating network packets.

       Net::Pcap::Easy is a module which provides an easier, more Perl-ish API
       than "Net::Pcap" and integrates some facilities from Net::Netmask and
       NetPacket.

   Base Libraries
       pcap(3), tcpdump(8)

       The source code for the pcap(3) library is available from
       <http://www.tcpdump.org/>

       The source code and binary for the Win32 version of the pcap library,
       WinPcap, is available from <http://www.winpcap.org/>

   Articles
       Hacking Linux Exposed: Sniffing with Net::Pcap to stealthily managing
       iptables rules remotely,
       <http://www.hackinglinuxexposed.com/articles/20030730.html>

       PerlMonks node about Net::Pcap, <http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=170648>

AUTHORS
       Current maintainer is Sébastien Aperghis-Tramoni (SAPER) with the help
       of Tim Wilde (TWILDE).

       Complete list of authors & contributors:

       ·   Bo Adler (BOADLER) <thumper (at) alumni.caltech.edu>

       ·   Craig Davison

       ·   David Farrell

       ·   David N. Blank-Edelman <dnb (at) ccs.neu.edu>

       ·   James Rouzier (ROUZIER)

       ·   Jean-Louis Morel (JLMOREL) <jl_morel (at) bribes.org>

       ·   Marco Carnut (KCARNUT) <kiko (at) tempest.com.br>

       ·   Patrice Auffret (GOMOR)

       ·   Peter Lister (PLISTER) <p.lister (at) cranfield.ac.uk>

       ·   Rafaël Garcia-Suarez (RGARCIA)

       ·   Sébastien Aperghis-Tramoni (SAPER) <sebastien (at) aperghis.net>

       ·   Tim Potter (TIMPOTTER) <tpot (at) frungy.org>

       ·   Tim Wilde (TWILDE)

HISTORY
       The original version of "Net::Pcap", version 0.01, was written by Peter
       Lister using SWIG.

       Version 0.02 was created by Bo Adler with a few bugfixes but not
       uploaded to CPAN. It could be found at:
       <http://www.buttsoft.com/~thumper/software/perl/Net-Pcap/>

       Versions 0.03 and 0.04 were created by Tim Potter who entirely rewrote
       "Net::Pcap" using XS and wrote the documentation, with the help of
       David N. Blank-Edelman for testing and general polishing.

       Version 0.05 was released by Marco Carnut with fixes to make it work
       with Cygwin and WinPcap.

       Version 0.04.02 was independently created by Jean-Louis Morel but not
       uploaded on the CPAN. It can be found here:
       <http://www.bribes.org/perl/wnetpcap.html>

       Based on Tim Potter's version 0.04, it included fixes for WinPcap and
       added wrappers for several new libpcap functions as well as WinPcap
       specific functions.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
       To Paul Johnson for his module Devel::Cover and his patience for
       helping me using it with XS code, which revealed very useful for
       writing more tests.

       To the beta-testers: Jean-Louis Morel, Max Maischen, Philippe Bruhat,
       David Morel, Scott Lanning, Rafael Garcia-Suarez, Karl Y. Pradene.

COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
       Copyright (C) 2005-2016 Sébastien Aperghis-Tramoni and contributors.
       All rights reserved.

       Copyright (C) 2003 Marco Carnut. All rights reserved.

       Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Tim Potter. All rights reserved.

       Copyright (C) 1998 Bo Adler. All rights reserved.

       Copyright (C) 1997 Peter Lister. All rights reserved.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under the same terms as Perl itself.

perl v5.26.0			  2017-07-22			     Pcap(3pm)
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