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Geography::Countries(3User Contributed Perl DocumentatiGeography::Countries(3)

NAME
       Geography::Countries - 2-letter, 3-letter, and numerical codes for
       countries.

SYNOPSIS
	   use Geography::Countries;

	   $country = country 'DE';  # 'Germany'
	   @list    = country  666;  # ('PM', 'SPM', 666,
				     #	'Saint Pierre and Miquelon', 1)

DESCRIPTION
       This module maps country names, and their 2-letter, 3-letter and
       numerical codes, as defined by the ISO-3166 maintenance agency [1], and
       defined by the UNSD.

   The "country" subroutine.
       This subroutine is exported by default. It takes a 2-letter, 3-letter
       or numerical code, or a country name as argument. In scalar context, it
       will return the country name, in list context, it will return a list
       consisting of the 2-letter code, the 3-letter code, the numerical code,
       the country name, and a flag, which is explained below. Note that not
       all countries have all 3 codes; if a code is unknown, the undefined
       value is returned.

       There are 3 categories of countries. The largest category are the
       current countries. Then there is a small set of countries that no
       longer exist. The final set consists of areas consisting of multiple
       countries, like Africa. No 2-letter or 3-letter codes are available for
       the second two sets. (ISO 3166-3 [3] defines 4 letter codes for the set
       of countries that no longer exist, but the author of this module was
       unable to get her hands on that standard.) By default, "country" only
       returns countries from the first set, but this can be changed by giving
       "country" an optional second argument.

       The module optionally exports the constants "CNT_F_REGULAR",
       "CNT_F_OLD", "CNT_F_REGION" and "CNT_F_ANY". These constants can also
       be important all at once by using the tag ":FLAGS". "CNT_F_ANY" is just
       the binary or of the three other flags. The second argument of
       "country" should be the binary or of a subset of the flags
       "CNT_F_REGULAR", "CNT_F_OLD", and "CNT_F_REGION" - if no, or a false,
       second argument is given, "CNT_F_REGULAR" is assumed. If
       "CNT_F_REGULAR" is set, regular (current) countries will be returned;
       if "CNT_F_OLD" is set, old, no longer existing, countries will be
       returned, while "CNT_F_REGION" is used in case a region (not
       necessarely) a country might be returned.  If "country" is used in list
       context, the fifth returned element is one of "CNT_F_REGULAR",
       "CNT_F_OLD" and "CNT_F_REGION", indicating whether the result is a
       regular country, an old country, or a region.

       In list context, "country" returns a 5 element list. To avoid having to
       remember which element is in which index, the constants "CNT_I_CODE2",
       "CNT_I_CODE3", "CNT_I_NUMCODE", "CNT_I_COUNTRY" and "CNT_I_FLAG" can be
       imported. Those constants contain the indices of the 2-letter code, the
       3-letter code, the numerical code, the country, and the flag explained
       above, respectively. All index constants can be imported by using the
       ":INDICES" tag.

   The "code2", "code3", "numcode" and "countries" routines.
       All known 2-letter codes, 3-letter codes, numerical codes and country
       names can be returned by the routines "code2", "code3", "numcode" and
       "countries". None of these methods is exported by default; all need to
       be imported if one wants to use them. The tag ":LISTS" imports them
       all. In scalar context, the number of known codes or countries is
       returned.

REFERENCES
       The 2-letter codes come from the ISO 3166-1:1997 standard [2]. ISO 3166
       bases its list of country names on the list of names published by the
       United Nations. This list is published by the Statistical Division of
       the United Nations [4]. The UNSD uses 3-letter codes, and numerical
       codes [5]. The information about old countries [6] and regions [7] also
       comes from the United Nations.

       In a few cases, there was a conflict between the way how the United
       Nations spelled a name, and how ISO 3166 spells it. In most cases, is
       was word order (for instance whether The republic of should preceed the
       name, or come after the name. A few cases had minor spelling
       variations. In all such cases, the method in which the UN spelled the
       name was choosen; ISO 3166 claims to take the names from the UN, so we
       consider the UN authoritative.

       [1] ISO Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA)
	   http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/index.html.

       [2] Country codes,
	   http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1.html, 7
	   September 1999.

       [3] ISO 3166-3, Code for formerly used country names.
	   http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/info_pt3.html.

       [4] United Nations, Statistics Division.
	   http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/statdiv.htm.

       [5] Country or area codes in alphabetical order.
	   http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/methods/m49alpha.htm, 26 August 1999.

       [6] Codes added or changed.
	   http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/methods/m49chang.htm, 26 August 1999.

       [7] Geographical regions.
	   http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/methods/m49regin.htm, 26 August 1999.

BUGS
       Looking up information using country names is far from perfect.	Except
       for case and the amount of white space, the exact name as it appears on
       the list has to be given. USA will not return anything, but United
       States will.

DEVELOPMENT
       The current sources of this module are found on github,
       git://github.com/Abigail/geography--countries.git
       <git://github.com/Abigail/geography--countries.git>.

AUTHOR
       Abigail mailto:geography-countries@abigail.be <mailto:geography-
       countries@abigail.be>.

COPYRIGHT and LICENSE
       Copyright (C) 1999, 2009 by Abigail

       Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
       copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
       "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
       without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
       distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
       permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
       the following conditions:

       The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
       in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

       THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
       OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
       MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
       IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
       LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
       FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
       DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

perl v5.12.5			  2009-04-13	       Geography::Countries(3)
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