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Date::Calendar::ProfilUser)Contributed Perl DocumenDate::Calendar::Profiles(3)

NAME
       Date::Calendar::Profiles - Some sample profiles for Date::Calendar and
       Date::Calendar::Year

SYNOPSIS
	 use Date::Calendar::Profiles qw( $Profiles );
	 use Date::Calendar;

	 $cal_US_AK = Date::Calendar->new( $Profiles->{'US-AK'} [,LANG] );
	 $cal_DE_BY = Date::Calendar->new( $Profiles->{'DE-BY'} [,LANG] );

	or

	 use Date::Calendar::Profiles qw( $Profiles );
	 use Date::Calendar::Year;

	 $year_2000_US_FL = Date::Calendar::Year->new( 2000, $Profiles->{'US-FL'} [,LANG] );
	 $year_2001_DE_NW = Date::Calendar::Year->new( 2001, $Profiles->{'DE-NW'} [,LANG] );

	and also

	 use Date::Calendar::Profiles
	 qw(
	     &Previous_Friday
	     &Next_Monday
	     &Next_Monday_or_Tuesday
	     &Nearest_Workday
	     &Sunday_to_Monday
	     &Advent1
	     &Advent2
	     &Advent3
	     &Advent4
	     &Advent
	 );

PREFACE
       This module provides some sample profiles (i.e., holiday schemes) for
       use with the Date::Calendar(3) and Date::Calendar::Year(3) module.

       You are not required to use these, you can always roll your own (this
       is very easy). See the section "HOW TO ROLL YOUR OWN" below for more
       instructions on how to do this, and take the profiles from this module
       as examples.

       Please let me know of any errors in these profiles, and please send me
       your own profiles if you'd like to see them included in the next
       release of this module! Thank you!

       (But please, only use the ISO-Latin-1 character set whenever possible,
       since my module doesn't support any other character sets yet, or at
       least tell me which character set you used so I can document this in
       this manual page. Thank you!)

DESCRIPTION
       The method "init()" in module Date::Calendar::Year(3) is responsible
       for parsing the calendar schemes contained here in the Date::Calen‐
       dar::Profiles module.

       This method offers a "mini-language" which allows to specify common
       date formulas, like for instance a simple fixed date (in various dif‐
       ferent formats, e.g. american or european), or things like "the second
       Sunday of May" (Mother's Day), or "Easter Sunday minus 46 days" (Ash
       Wednesday), to cite just a few.

       See the section "DATE FORMULA SYNTAX" below for more details.

       There are some more complicated formulas, however, which cannot be
       expressed in such simple terms.

       The rule that if a holiday falls on a weekend, it will be substituted
       by either the adjacent Friday or Monday (whichever lies closer), is an
       example of this.

       In order to be able to deal with such formulas, and in order to be as
       flexible as possible, the "init()" method offers the possibility of
       using callback functions to deal with such dates and formulas.

       See the section "CALLBACK INTERFACE" below for more details on this
       topic.

       In order to assist you with more common cases of odd formulas, the mod‐
       ule Date::Calendar::Profiles exports the following utility subroutines
       (which are meant to be used as "filters" in callback functions of your
       own):

       · "($year,$month,$day[,ANYTHING]) = Previous_Fri‐
	 day($year,$month,$day[,ANYTHING]);"

	 If the given date falls on a Saturday or Sunday, this function
	 changes the date to the adjacent Friday before that, and returns this
	 new date.

	 Otherwise the given date is returned unchanged.

	 The rest of the input parameters, if any, are simply copied to the
	 output.

       · "($year,$month,$day[,ANYTHING]) = Next_Monday($year,$month,$day[,ANY‐
	 THING]);"

	 If the given date falls on a Saturday or Sunday, this function
	 changes the date to the adjacent Monday after that, and returns this
	 new date.

	 Otherwise the given date is returned unchanged.

	 The rest of the input parameters, if any, are simply copied to the
	 output.

       · "($year,$month,$day[,ANYTHING]) = Next_Monday_or_Tues‐
	 day($year,$month,$day[,ANYTHING]);"

	 If the given date falls on a Saturday, the date of the next Monday
	 (after that weekend) is returned.

	 If the given date falls on a Sunday, the date of the next Tuesday
	 (after that weekend) is returned.

	 If the given date falls on a Monday, the date of the next Tuesday
	 (the day after the Monday) is returned.

	 Otherwise the given date is returned unchanged.

	 The rest of the input parameters, if any, are simply copied to the
	 output.

	 This function is used for the second of two adjacent holidays, where
	 the first holiday obeys the "Next Monday" rule (see the description
	 of the function immediately above).

	 Examples of this are Christmas and Boxing Day, among others.

	 When the first holiday falls on Friday, the second one falls on Sat‐
	 urday and is substituted by Monday.

	 When the first holiday falls on a Saturday, the second one falls on
	 Sunday, so the first holiday is substituted by Monday and the second
	 one by Tuesday.

	 When the first holiday falls on a Sunday, the second one falls on a
	 Monday. Therefore the first holiday is substituted by Monday, and
	 consequently the second holiday must be substituted by Tuesday.

	 Or, in other terms:

	     Fri Sat => Fri Mon
	     Sat Sun => Mon Tue
	     Sun Mon => Mon Tue

	 Note that there is no filter subroutine yet for the second of two
	 adjacent holidays when the first holiday obeys the "Nearest Workday"
	 rule (see the function described immediately below), i.e.,

	     Fri Sat => Fri Mon
	     Sat Sun => Fri Mon
	     Sun Mon => Mon Tue

	 This is left as an excercise to the inclined reader. ":-)"

       · "($year,$month,$day[,ANYTHING]) = Nearest_Work‐
	 day($year,$month,$day[,ANYTHING]);"

	 If the given date falls on a Saturday, this function returns the date
	 of the Friday on the day before.

	 If the given date falls on a Sunday, this function returns the date
	 of the Monday on the day after.

	 Otherwise the given date is returned unchanged.

	 The rest of the input parameters, if any, are simply copied to the
	 output.

       · "($year,$month,$day[,ANYTHING]) = Sunday_to_Mon‐
	 day($year,$month,$day[,ANYTHING]);"

	 If the given date falls on a Sunday, this function returns the date
	 of the Monday on the day after.

	 Otherwise the given date is returned unchanged.

	 The rest of the input parameters, if any, are simply copied to the
	 output.

       The typical use of these filter subroutines is in a "return" statement
       at the end of callback functions of your own, when you already have
       calculated the holiday in question and only need to adjust it according
       to the rule implemented by the filter subroutine in question.

       See also the implementation of the Date::Calendar::Profiles module for
       examples of how to use these functions.

DATE FORMULA SYNTAX
	-  Fixed dates:

	   "Christmas"	=>  "24.12",   # European format (day, month)
	   "Christmas"	=>  "24.12.",

	   "Christmas"	=>  "24Dec",
	   "Christmas"	=>  "24.Dec",
	   "Christmas"	=>  "24Dec.",
	   "Christmas"	=>  "24.Dec.",

	   "Christmas"	=>  "24-12",
	   "Christmas"	=>  "24-12-",

	   "Christmas"	=>  "24-Dec",
	   "Christmas"	=>  "24-Dec-",

	   "Christmas"	=>  "12/25",   # American format (month, day)
	   "Christmas"	=>  "Dec25",
	   "Christmas"	=>  "Dec/25",

	-  Dates relative to Easter Sunday:

	   "Ladies' Carnival"  =>  "-52",
	   "Carnival Monday"   =>  "-48",
	   "Mardi Gras"	       =>  "-47",
	   "Ash Wednesday"     =>  "-46",
	   "Palm Sunday"       =>   "-7",
	   "Maundy Thursday"   =>   "-3",
	   "Good Friday"       =>   "-2",
	   "Easter Sunday"     =>   "+0",
	   "Easter Monday"     =>   "+1",
	   "Ascension"	       =>  "+39",
	   "Whitsunday"	       =>  "+49",
	   "Whitmonday"	       =>  "+50",
	   "Corpus Christi"    =>  "+60",

	-  The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th or last day of week:

	   "Thanksgiving"      =>  "4Thu11",
	   "Thanksgiving"      =>  "4/Thu/Nov",
	   "Columbus Day"      =>  "2/Mon/Oct",
	   "Columbus Day"      =>  "2/Mon/10",
	   "Columbus Day"      =>  "2/1/Oct",
	   "Columbus Day"      =>  "2/1/10",
	   "Memorial Day"      =>  "5/Mon/May", # LAST Monday of May

	-  Half holidays, commemorative days:

	   "Christmas"	       =>  ":24.12.", # only half a day off
	   "Valentine's Day"   =>  "#Feb/14", # not an official holiday

CALLBACK INTERFACE
       The interface of the callback functions to use with the "init()" method
       of the Date::Calendar::Year(3) module is very simple:

       The callback function receives two arguments when called, first the
       year number for which the holiday is to be calculated, and second the
       name (the "label") of the holiday in question (which serves as key in
       the hash of a holiday scheme).

       This second parameter allows you to use the same callback function for
       different holidays, which might be more practical (than separate call‐
       back functions) if for instance you have a set of similar holidays to
       calculate, like for instance the four Sundays before Christmas
       ("Advent").

       The callback function "Advent()" (exported by the Date::Calendar::Pro‐
       files module) exemplifies this technique.

       The callback function is expected to return a list
       ""($year,$month,$day)"" with the exact date of the holiday (the year
       number in the output must of course match the year number passed as
       parameter).

       A fatal error occurs if the returned list does not constitute a valid
       date, in the requested year.

       Optionally, the callback function may return a fourth value (after the
       date) containing a string, which may be either "#" or ":".

       The string "#" signifies that the date in question is a purely commemo‐
       rative date, i.e., that you don't get a day off from work on that day.

       The string ":" means that the date in question is a "half" holiday,
       i.e., a day on which you get half a day off from work.

       In case the holiday in question was not observed or did not exist in
       the requested year, the callback function may also return an empty
       list. This will cause the "init()" method to simply drop this holiday
       for that year.

       The module Date::Calendar::Profiles exports the sample callback func‐
       tions "Advent1()", "Advent2()", "Advent3()", "Advent4()" and
       "Advent()", which might assist you in rolling your own profiles.

HOW TO ROLL YOUR OWN
       Every calendar profile (holiday scheme) is a hash.

       The name of the holiday (like "Christmas", for instance) serves as the
       key in this hash and must therefore be unique (unless you want to over‐
       ride a default which was set previously, but see below for more on
       this).

       The value for each key is either a string, which specifies a simple
       date formula, or the reference of a callback function.

       See the section "CALLBACK INTERFACE" above for a description of the
       interface (in and out) of these callback functions.

       See the section "DATE FORMULA SYNTAX" above and the description of the
       "init()" method in Date::Calendar::Year(3) for the exact syntax of date
       formula strings.

       BEWARE that if keys are not unique in the source code, later entries
       will overwrite previous ones! I.e.,

	   ...
	   "My special holiday" => "01-11",
	   "My special holiday" => "02-11",
	   ...

       will NOT set two holidays of the same name, one on November first, the
       other on November second, but only one, on November second!

       Therefore, in order to use sets of defaults and to be able to override
       some of them, you must FIRST include any hash containing the default
       definitions, and THEN write down your own definitions (see also the
       Date::Calendar::Profiles module for examples of this!), like this:

	   $defaults =
	   {
	       "Holiday #1" => "01-01",
	       "Holiday #2" => "02-02",
	       "Holiday #3" => "03-03"
	   };

	   $variant1 =
	   {
	       %$defaults,
	       "Holiday #2" => "09-02",
	       "Holiday #4" => "04-04"
	   };

       This is because of the way hashes work in Perl.

       Now let's suppose that you want to write a profile containing all your
       relatives' and friends' birthdays or anniversaries.

       Simply go ahead and list them in your program, in any order you like,
       as follows (for example):

	 $Birthdays =
	 {
	     "Spouse 1971"	       =>  "30.12.",
	     "Wedding Day 1992"	       =>  "01.09.",
	     "Valentine's Day"	       =>  "14.02.",
	     "Son Richard 1996"	       =>  "11.05.",
	     "Daughter Irene 1994"     =>  "17.01.",
	     "Mom 1939"		       =>  "19.08.",
	     "Dad 1937"		       =>  "23.04.",
	     "Brother Timothy 1969"    =>  "24.04.",
	     "Sister Catherine 1973"   =>  "21.10.",
	     "Cousin Paul 1970"	       =>  "16.10.",
	     "Aunt Marjorie 1944"      =>  "09.06.",
	     "Uncle George 1941"       =>  "02.08.",
	     "Friend Alexander 1968"   =>  "12.06.",
	 };

       The year numbers after the names are not really necessary, but they
       allow us to display the person's current age. If this year number is
       omitted, we simply don't display the age.

       Now in order to query this birthday database, we can use the following
       little program:

	 #!perl -w

	 use strict;
	 no strict "vars";
	 use Date::Calc qw(:all);
	 use Date::Calendar;

	 $Birthdays =
	 {
	     ... # (see above)
	 };

	 @today = Today();
	 $calendar = Date::Calendar->new( $Birthdays );
	 $calendar->year( $today[0] );

	 foreach $key (@ARGV)
	 {
	     if (@list = $calendar->search( $key ))
	     {
		 foreach $date (@list)
		 {
		     @labels = $calendar->labels( $date );
		     $dow = shift(@labels);
		     # More than one person might have birthday on the same date:
		     $name = $key;
		     foreach $person (@labels)
		     {
			 if (index(lc($person),lc($key)) >= 0)
			 {
			     $name = $person;
			     last;
			 }
		     }
		     $delta = Delta_Days(@today, $date->date());
		     $age = '';
		     if ($name =~ s!\s*(\d+)\s*$!!)
		     {
			 $age = $today[0] - $1;
			 $age-- if ($delta > 0);
			 $age = sprintf(" (%2d years old)", $age);
		     }
		     printf
		     (
			 "%-20.20s: %+5d days => %3.3s %2d-%3.3s-%4d%s\n",
			 $name,
			 $delta,
			 $dow,
			 $date->day(),
			 Month_to_Text($date->month()),
			 $date->year(),
			 $age
		     );
		 }
	     }
	     else { print "No entry found in birthday list for '$key'!\n" }
	 }

	 __END__

       Let us save this program as, say, "birthday.pl".

       Then we can query this birthday database by providing search strings on
       the command line, like this (note that this is a (case-insensitive)
       substring search, NOT a regular expression match!):

	 > date
	 Wed Oct  3 18:05:45 CEST 2001

	 > perl birthday.pl wed spo
	 Wedding Day	     :	 -32 days => Sat  1-Sep-2001 ( 9 years old)
	 Spouse		     :	 +88 days => Sun 30-Dec-2001 (29 years old)

	 > perl birthday.pl son daug
	 Son Richard	     :	-145 days => Fri 11-May-2001 ( 5 years old)
	 Daughter Irene	     :	-259 days => Wed 17-Jan-2001 ( 7 years old)

	 > perl birthday.pl broth sist
	 Brother Timothy     :	-162 days => Tue 24-Apr-2001 (32 years old)
	 Sister Catherine    :	 +18 days => Sun 21-Oct-2001 (27 years old)

	 > perl birthday.pl mom dad
	 Mom		     :	 -45 days => Sun 19-Aug-2001 (62 years old)
	 Dad		     :	-163 days => Mon 23-Apr-2001 (64 years old)

	 > perl birthday.pl uncl aunt
	 Uncle George	     :	 -62 days => Thu  2-Aug-2001 (60 years old)
	 Aunt Marjorie	     :	-116 days => Sat  9-Jun-2001 (57 years old)

	 > perl birthday.pl alex
	 Friend Alexander    :	-113 days => Tue 12-Jun-2001 (33 years old)

       In order to get the whole list, we can supply a substring which is con‐
       tained in every name, which happens to be a blank (" "):

	 > perl birthday.pl ' '
	 Daughter Irene	     :	-259 days => Wed 17-Jan-2001 ( 7 years old)
	 Valentine's Day     :	-231 days => Wed 14-Feb-2001
	 Dad		     :	-163 days => Mon 23-Apr-2001 (64 years old)
	 Brother Timothy     :	-162 days => Tue 24-Apr-2001 (32 years old)
	 Son Richard	     :	-145 days => Fri 11-May-2001 ( 5 years old)
	 Aunt Marjorie	     :	-116 days => Sat  9-Jun-2001 (57 years old)
	 Friend Alexander    :	-113 days => Tue 12-Jun-2001 (33 years old)
	 Uncle George	     :	 -62 days => Thu  2-Aug-2001 (60 years old)
	 Mom		     :	 -45 days => Sun 19-Aug-2001 (62 years old)
	 Wedding Day	     :	 -32 days => Sat  1-Sep-2001 ( 9 years old)
	 Cousin Paul	     :	 +13 days => Tue 16-Oct-2001 (30 years old)
	 Sister Catherine    :	 +18 days => Sun 21-Oct-2001 (27 years old)
	 Spouse		     :	 +88 days => Sun 30-Dec-2001 (29 years old)

       By the way, a similar program is included in the "examples" subdirec‐
       tory of the Date::Calc distribution, called "anniversaries.pl".

       See also the file "EXAMPLES.txt" in the distribution's main directory
       for a short description of that little script.

SEE ALSO
       Date::Calendar(3), Date::Calendar::Year(3), Date::Calc::Object(3),
       Date::Calc(3).

KNOWN BUGS
       The australian calendar profiles are known to contain wrong dates.
       This is due to the fact that Australia decrees its holidays individu‐
       ally for each year, difficulting the calculation of the holidays by way
       of a formula. An effort to compare (and to correct) the current imple‐
       mentation with official documents (web pages) by the Australian author‐
       ities is under way. This hasn't been finished yet because it is very
       time-consuming.

VERSION
       This man page documents "Date::Calendar::Profiles" version 5.4.

AUTHOR
	 Steffen Beyer
	 mailto:sb@engelschall.com
	 http://www.engelschall.com/u/sb/download/

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (c) 2000 - 2004 by Steffen Beyer. All rights reserved.

LICENSE
       This package is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under the same terms as Perl itself, i.e., under the terms of the
       "Artistic License" or the "GNU General Public License".

       Please refer to the files "Artistic.txt" and "GNU_GPL.txt" in this dis‐
       tribution for details!

DISCLAIMER
       This package is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
       WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MER‐
       CHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

       See the "GNU General Public License" for more details.

perl v5.8.8			  2004-10-03	   Date::Calendar::Profiles(3)
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