Catalyst::Manual::TutoUser:ContribCatalyst::Manual::Tutorial::10_Appendices(3)NAMECatalyst::Manual::Tutorial::10_Appendices - Catalyst Tutorial - Chapter
10: Appendices
OVERVIEW
This is Chapter 10 of 10 for the Catalyst tutorial.
Tutorial Overview
1. Introduction
2. Catalyst Basics
3. More Catalyst Basics
4. Basic CRUD
5. Authentication
6. Authorization
7. Debugging
8. Testing
9. Advanced CRUD
10. 10_Appendices
DESCRIPTION
This chapter of the tutorial provides supporting information relevant
to the Catalyst tutorial.
APPENDIX 1: CUT AND PASTE FOR POD-BASED EXAMPLES
You may notice that Pod indents example code with four spaces. This
section provides some quick advice to "un-indent" this text in common
editors.
"Un-indenting" with Vi/Vim
When cutting and pasting multi-line text from Pod-based documents, the
following vi/vim regexs can be helpful to "un-indent" the inserted text
(do NOT type the quotes, they are only included to show spaces in the
regex patterns). Note that all 3 of the regexs end in 4 spaces:
· ":0,$s/^ "
Removes four leading spaces from the entire file (from the first
line, 0, to the last line, "$").
· "%s/^ "
A shortcut for the previous item ("%" specifies the entire file; so
this removes four leading spaces from every line).
· ":.,$s/^ "
Removes the first four spaces from the line the cursor is on at the
time the regex command is executed (".") to the last line of the
file.
· ":.,44s/^ "
Removes four leading space from the current line through line 44
(obviously adjust the 44 to the appropriate value in your example).
"Un-indenting" with Emacs
Although the author has not used Emacs for many years (apologies to the
Emacs fans out there), here is a quick hint to get you started. To
replace the leading spaces of every line in a file, use:
M-x replace-regexp<RET>
Replace regexp: ^ <RET>
with: <RET>
All of that will occur on the single line at the bottom of your screen.
Note that "<RET>" represents the return key/enter. Also, there are
four spaces after the "^" on the "Replace regexp:" line and no spaces
entered on the last line.
You can limit the replacement operation by selecting text first
(depending on your version of Emacs, you can either use the mouse or
experiment with commands such as "C-SPC" to set the mark at the cursor
location and "C-<" and "C->" to set the mark at the beginning and end
of the file respectively.
Also, Stefan Kangas sent in the following tip about an alternate
approach using the command "indent-region" to redo the indentation for
the currently selected region (adhering to indent rules in the current
major mode). You can run the command by typing M-x indent-region or
pressing the default keybinding C-M-\ in cperl-mode. Additional
details can be found here:
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Indentation-Commands.html
<http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Indentation-
Commands.html>
APPENDIX 2: USING POSTGRESQL AND MYSQL
The main database used in this tutorial is the very simple yet powerful
SQLite <http://www.sqlite.org>. This section provides information that
can be used to "convert" the tutorial to use PostgreSQL
<http://www.postgresql.org> and MySQL <http://dev.mysql.com>. However,
note that part of the beauty of the MVC architecture is that very
little database-specific code is spread throughout the system (at least
when MVC is "done right"). Consequently, converting from one database
to another is relatively painless with most Catalyst applications. In
general, you just need to adapt the schema definition ".sql" file you
use to initialize your database and adjust a few configuration
parameters.
Also note that the purpose of the data definition statements for this
section are not designed to take maximum advantage of the various
features in each database for issues such as referential integrity and
field types/constraints.
PostgreSQL
Use the following steps to adapt the tutorial to PostgreSQL. Thanks to
Caelum (Rafael Kitover) for assistance with the most recent updates,
and Louis Moore, Marcello Romani and Tom Lanyon for help with earlier
versions.
· Chapter 3: More Catalyst Basics
· Install the PostgreSQL server and client and DBD::Pg:
If you are following along in Debian 6, you can quickly install
these items via this command:
sudo aptitude install postgresql libdbd-pg-perl libdatetime-format-pg-perl
To configure the permissions, you can open
"/etc/postgresql/8.3/main/pg_hba.conf" and change this line
(near the bottom):
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all ident sameuser
to:
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all trust
And then restart PostgreSQL:
sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.3 restart
· Create the database and a user for the database (note that we
are using "<catalyst>" to represent the hidden password of
"catalyst"):
$ sudo -u postgres createuser -P catappuser
Enter password for new role: <catalyst>
Enter it again: <catalyst>
Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) n
Shall the new role be allowed to create databases? (y/n) n
Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles? (y/n) n
CREATE ROLE
$ sudo -u postgres createdb -O catappuser catappdb
CREATE DATABASE
· Create the ".sql" file and load the data:
· Open the "myapp01_psql.sql" in your editor and enter:
--
-- Drops just in case you are reloading
---
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS books CASCADE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS authors CASCADE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS book_authors CASCADE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users CASCADE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS roles CASCADE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_roles CASCADE;
--
-- Create a very simple database to hold book and author information
--
CREATE TABLE books (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
title TEXT ,
rating INTEGER,
-- Manually add these later
-- created TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
-- updated TIMESTAMP
);
CREATE TABLE authors (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
first_name TEXT,
last_name TEXT
);
-- 'book_authors' is a many-to-many join table between books & authors
CREATE TABLE book_authors (
book_id INTEGER REFERENCES books(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
author_id INTEGER REFERENCES authors(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
PRIMARY KEY (book_id, author_id)
);
---
--- Load some sample data
---
INSERT INTO books (title, rating) VALUES ('CCSP SNRS Exam Certification Guide', 5);
INSERT INTO books (title, rating) VALUES ('TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1', 5);
INSERT INTO books (title, rating) VALUES ('Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol.1', 4);
INSERT INTO books (title, rating) VALUES ('Perl Cookbook', 5);
INSERT INTO books (title, rating) VALUES ('Designing with Web Standards', 5);
INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Greg', 'Bastien');
INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Sara', 'Nasseh');
INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Christian', 'Degu');
INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Richard', 'Stevens');
INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Douglas', 'Comer');
INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Tom', 'Christiansen');
INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Nathan', 'Torkington');
INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Jeffrey', 'Zeldman');
INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (1, 2);
INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (1, 3);
INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (2, 4);
INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (3, 5);
INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (4, 6);
INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (4, 7);
INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (5, 8);
· Load the data:
$ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb -f myapp01_psql.sql
Password for user catappuser:
psql:myapp01_psql.sql:8: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "books_id_seq" for serial column "books.id"
psql:myapp01_psql.sql:8: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "books_pkey" for table "books"
CREATE TABLE
psql:myapp01_psql.sql:15: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "book_authors_pkey" for table "book_authors"
CREATE TABLE
psql:myapp01_psql.sql:21: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "authors_id_seq" for serial column "authors.id"
psql:myapp01_psql.sql:21: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "authors_pkey" for table "authors"
CREATE TABLE
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
...
· Make sure the data loaded correctly:
$ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb
Password for user catappuser: <catalyst>
Welcome to psql 8.3.7, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help with psql commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit
catappdb=> \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+--------------+-------+------------
public | authors | table | catappuser
public | book_authors | table | catappuser
public | books | table | catappuser
(3 rows)
catappdb=> select * from books;
id | title | rating
----+------------------------------------+--------
1 | CCSP SNRS Exam Certification Guide | 5
2 | TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 | 5
3 | Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol.1 | 4
4 | Perl Cookbook | 5
5 | Designing with Web Standards | 5
(5 rows)
catappdb=>
· After the steps where you:
edit lib/MyApp.pm
create lib/MyAppDB.pm
create lib/MyAppDB/Book.pm
create lib/MyAppDB/Author.pm
create lib/MyAppDB/BookAuthor.pm
· Generate the model using the Catalyst "_create.pl" script:
$ rm lib/MyApp/Model/DB.pm # Delete just in case already there
$ script/myapp_create.pl model DB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema \
create=static components=TimeStamp,PassphraseColumn \
'dbi:Pg:dbname=catappdb' 'catappuser' 'catalyst' '{ AutoCommit => 1 }'
· Chapter 4: Basic CRUD
Add Datetime Columns to Our Existing Books Table
$ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb
...
catappdb=> ALTER TABLE books ADD created TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now();
ALTER TABLE
catappdb=> ALTER TABLE books ADD updated TIMESTAMP;
ALTER TABLE
catappdb=> \q
Re-generate the model using the Catalyst "_create.pl" script:
$ script/myapp_create.pl model DB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema \
create=static components=TimeStamp,PassphraseColumn \
'dbi:Pg:dbname=catappdb' 'catappuser' 'catalyst' '{ AutoCommit => 1 }'
· Chapter 5: Authentication
· Create the ".sql" file for the user/roles data:
Open "myapp02_psql.sql" in your editor and enter:
--
-- Add users and roles tables, along with a many-to-many join table
--
CREATE TABLE users (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
username TEXT,
password TEXT,
email_address TEXT,
first_name TEXT,
last_name TEXT,
active INTEGER
);
CREATE TABLE roles (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
role TEXT
);
CREATE TABLE user_roles (
user_id INTEGER REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
role_id INTEGER REFERENCES roles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
PRIMARY KEY (user_id, role_id)
);
--
-- Load up some initial test data
--
INSERT INTO users (username, password, email_address, first_name, last_name, active)
VALUES ('test01', 'mypass', 't01@na.com', 'Joe', 'Blow', 1);
INSERT INTO users (username, password, email_address, first_name, last_name, active)
VALUES ('test02', 'mypass', 't02@na.com', 'Jane', 'Doe', 1);
INSERT INTO users (username, password, email_address, first_name, last_name, active)
VALUES ('test03', 'mypass', 't03@na.com', 'No', 'Go', 0);
INSERT INTO roles (role) VALUES ('user');
INSERT INTO roles (role) VALUES ('admin');
INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 2);
INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (2, 1);
INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (3, 1);
· Load the data:
$ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb -f myapp02_psql.sql
Password for user catappuser: <catalyst>
psql:myapp02_psql.sql:13: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "users_id_seq" for serial column "users.id"
psql:myapp02_psql.sql:13: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "users_pkey" for table "users"
CREATE TABLE
psql:myapp02_psql.sql:18: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "roles_id_seq" for serial column "roles.id"
psql:myapp02_psql.sql:18: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "roles_pkey" for table "roles"
CREATE TABLE
psql:myapp02_psql.sql:24: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "user_roles_pkey" for table "user_roles"
CREATE TABLE
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
Confirm with:
$ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb -c "select * from users"
Password for user catappuser: <catalyst>
id | username | password | email_address | first_name | last_name | active
----+----------+----------+---------------+------------+-----------+--------
1 | test01 | mypass | t01@na.com | Joe | Blow | 1
2 | test02 | mypass | t02@na.com | Jane | Doe | 1
3 | test03 | mypass | t03@na.com | No | Go | 0
(3 rows)
· Modify "set_hashed_passwords.pl" to match the following (the
only difference is the "connect" line):
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use MyApp::Schema;
my $schema = MyApp::Schema->connect('dbi:Pg:dbname=catappdb', 'catappuser', 'catalyst');
my @users = $schema->resultset('Users')->all;
foreach my $user (@users) {
$user->password('mypass');
$user->update;
}
Run the "set_hashed_passwords.pl" as per the "normal" flow of
the tutorial:
$ perl -Ilib set_hashed_passwords.pl
You can verify that it worked with this command:
$ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb -c "select * from users"
MySQL
Use the following steps to adapt the tutorial to MySQL. Thanks to Jim
Howard for the help and Zsolt Zemancsik for the up to date fixes.
· Chapter 3: Catalyst Basics
· Install the required software:
· The MySQL database server and client utility.
· The Perl "DBD::MySQL" module
For CentOS users (see Catalyst::Manual::Installation::CentOS4),
you can use the following commands to install the software and
start the MySQL daemon:
yum -y install mysql mysql-server
service mysqld start
For Debian users you can use the following commands to install
the software and start the MySQL daemon:
apt-get install mysql-client mysql-server
/etc/init.d/mysql start
NOTE: The tutorial is based on Foreign Keys in database which
is supported by InnoDB. Only MySQL 5.0 and above supports
InnoDB storage Engine so you need to have InnoDB support in you
MySQL. You can simply figure out that your install supports it
or not:
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input
statement.
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'have_innodb';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| have_innodb | YES |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
If the Value is "YES" you can use your setup (Debian based
mysql supports it by default). Else, you need to configure
your my.cnf or start your MySQL daemon without --skip-innodb
option.
· Create the database and set the permissions:
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> CREATE DATABASE `myapp`;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON myapp.* TO 'tutorial'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
· Create the ".sql" file and load the data:
· Open the "myapp01_mysql.sql" in your editor and enter:
--
-- Create a very simple database to hold book and author information
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `books` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`title` text CHARACTER SET utf8,
`rating` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- 'book_authors' is a many-to-many join table between books & authors
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `book_authors` (
`book_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`author_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`book_id`,`author_id`),
KEY `author_id` (`author_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `authors` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`first_name` text CHARACTER SET utf8,
`last_name` text CHARACTER SET utf8,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
---
--- Load some sample data
---
INSERT INTO `books` (`id`, `title`, `rating`) VALUES
(1, 'CCSP SNRS Exam Certification Guide', 5),
(2, 'TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1', 5),
(3, 'Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol.1', 4),
(4, 'Perl Cookbook', 5),
(5, 'Designing with Web Standards', 5);
INSERT INTO `book_authors` (`book_id`, `author_id`) VALUES
(1, 1),
(1, 2),
(1, 3),
(2, 4),
(3, 5),
(4, 6),
(4, 7),
(5, 8);
INSERT INTO `authors` (`id`, `first_name`, `last_name`) VALUES
(1, 'Greg', 'Bastien'),
(2, 'Sara', 'Nasseh'),
(3, 'Christian', 'Degu'),
(4, 'Richard', 'Stevens'),
(5, 'Douglas', 'Comer'),
(6, 'Tom', 'Christiansen'),
(7, 'Nathan', 'Torkington'),
(8, 'Jeffrey', 'Zeldman');
ALTER TABLE `book_authors`
ADD CONSTRAINT `book_author_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`author_id`) REFERENCES `authors` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
ADD CONSTRAINT `book_author_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`book_id`) REFERENCES `books` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
· Load the data:
mysql -u tutorial -p myapp < myapp01_mysql.sql
· Make sure the data loaded correctly:
$ mysql -u tutorial -p myapp
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_myapp |
+-----------------+
| authors |
| book_authors |
| books |
+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from books;
+----+------------------------------------+--------+
| id | title | rating |
+----+------------------------------------+--------+
| 1 | CCSP SNRS Exam Certification Guide | 5 |
| 2 | TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 | 5 |
| 3 | Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol.1 | 4 |
| 4 | Perl Cookbook | 5 |
| 5 | Designing with Web Standards | 5 |
+----+------------------------------------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
· Update the model:
· Delete the existing model:
rm lib/MyApp/Model/MyAppDB.pm
· Regenerate the model using the Catalyst "_create.pl"
script:
script/myapp_create.pl model DB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema create=static \
dbi:mysql:myapp 'tutorial' 'yourpassword' '{ AutoCommit => 1 }'
· Chapter 5: Authentication
· Create the ".sql" file for the user/roles data:
Open "myapp02_mysql.sql" in your editor and enter:
--
-- Add users and roles tables, along with a many-to-many join table
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `roles` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`role` text CHARACTER SET utf8,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `users` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`username` text CHARACTER SET utf8,
`password` text CHARACTER SET utf8,
`email_address` text CHARACTER SET utf8,
`first_name` text CHARACTER SET utf8,
`last_name` text CHARACTER SET utf8,
`active` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user_roles` (
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`role_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`,`role_id`),
KEY `role_id` (`role_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--
-- Load up some initial test data
--
INSERT INTO `roles` (`id`, `role`) VALUES
(1, 'user'),
(2, 'admin');
INSERT INTO `users` (`id`, `username`, `password`, `email_address`, `first_name`, `last_name`, `active`) VALUES
(1, 'test01', 'mypass', 't01@na.com', 'Joe', 'Blow', 1),
(2, 'test02', 'mypass', 't02@na.com', 'Jane', 'Doe', 1),
(3, 'test03', 'mypass', 't03@na.com', 'No', 'Go', 0);
INSERT INTO `user_roles` (`user_id`, `role_id`) VALUES
(1, 1),
(2, 1),
(3, 1),
(1, 2);
ALTER TABLE `user_roles
ADD CONSTRAINT `user_role_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`role_id`) REFERENCES `roles` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
ADD CONSTRAINT `user_role_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
· Load the user/roles data:
mysql -u tutorial -p myapp < myapp02_mysql.sql
· Update the model:
· Regenerate the model using the Catalyst "_create.pl"
script:
script/myapp_create.pl model DB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema create=static \
components=TimeStamp,PassphraseColumn dbi:mysql:myapp 'tutorial' 'yourpassword' '{ AutoCommit => 1 }'
· Create the ".sql" file for the hashed password data:
Open "myapp03_mysql.sql" in your editor and enter:
--
-- Convert passwords to SHA-1 hashes
--
UPDATE users SET password = '{SSHA}esgz64CpHMo8pMfgIIszP13ft23z/zio04aCwNdm0wc6MDeloMUH4g==' WHERE id = 1;
UPDATE users SET password = '{SSHA}FpGhpCJus+Ea9ne4ww8404HH+hJKW/fW+bAv1v6FuRUy2G7I2aoTRQ==' WHERE id = 2;
UPDATE users SET password = '{SSHA}ZyGlpiHls8qFBSbHr3r5t/iqcZE602XLMbkSVRRNl6rF8imv1abQVg==' WHERE id = 3;
· Load the user/roles data:
mysql -u tutorial -p myapp < myapp03_mysql.sql
AUTHOR
Kennedy Clark, "hkclark@gmail.com"
Feel free to contact the author for any errors or suggestions, but the
best way to report issues is via the CPAN RT Bug system at
https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Catalyst-Manual
<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Catalyst-Manual>.
Copyright 2006-2011, Kennedy Clark, under the Creative Commons
Attribution Share-Alike License Version 3.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/
<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/>).
perl v5.14.2Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::10_Appendices(3)
