Bio::DB::GFF::RelSegmeUser)Contributed Perl DocumenBio::DB::GFF::RelSegment(3)NAMEBio::DB::GFF::RelSegment-- Sequence segment with relative coordinate
support
SYNOPSIS
See Bio::DB::GFF.
DESCRIPTIONBio::DB::GFF::RelSegment is a stretch of sequence that can handle
relative coordinate addressing. It inherits from
Bio::DB::GFF::Segment, and is the base class for Bio::DB::GFF::Feature.
In addition to the source sequence, a relative segment has a "reference
sequence", which is used as the basis for its coordinate system. The
reference sequence can be changed at will, allowing you freedom to
change the "frame of reference" for features contained within the
segment. For example, by setting a segment's reference sequence to the
beginning of a gene, you can view all other features in gene-relative
coordinates.
The reference sequence and the source sequence must be on the same
physical stretch of DNA, naturally. However, they do not have to be on
the same strand. The strandedness of the reference sequence determines
whether coordinates increase to the right or the left.
Generally, you will not create or manipulate Bio::DB::GFF::RelSeg0ment
objects directly, but use those that are returned by the Bio::DB::GFF
module.
An Example
To understand how relative coordinates work, consider the following
example from the C. elegans database. First we create the appropriate
GFF accessor object (the factory):
my $db = Bio::DB::GFF->new(-dsn => 'dbi:mysql:elegans',
-adaptor=>'dbi:mysqlopt');
Now we fetch out a segment based on cosmid clone ZK909:
my $seg = $db->segment('ZK909');
If we call the segment's refseq() method, we see that the base of the
coordinate system is the sequence "ZK154", and that its start and stop
positions are 1 and the length of the cosmid:
print $seg->refseq;
=> ZK909
print $seg->start,' - ',$seg->stop;
=> 1 - 33782
As a convenience, the "" operator is overloaded in this class, to give
the reference sequence, and start and stop positions:
print $seg;
=> ZK909:1,33782
Internally, Bio::DB::GFF::RelSegment has looked up the absolute
coordinates of this segment and maintains the source sequence and the
absolute coordinates relative to the source sequence. We can see this
information using sourceseq() (inherited from Bio::DB::GFF::Segment)
and the abs_start() and abs_end() methods:
print $seg->sourceseq;
=> CHROMOSOME_I
print $seg->abs_start,' - ',$seg->abs_end;
=> 14839545 - 14873326
We can also put the segment into absolute mode, so that it behaves like
Bio::DB::Segment, and always represents coordinates on the source
sequence. This is done by passing a true value to the absolute()
method:
$seq->absolute(1);
print $seg;
=> CHROMOSOME_I:14839545,14873326
We can change the reference sequence at any time. One way is to call
the segment's ref() method, giving it the ID (and optionally the class)
of another landmark on the genome. For example, if we know that cosmid
ZK337 is adjacent to ZK909, then we can view ZK909 in ZK337-relative
coordinates:
$seg->refseq('ZK337');
print $seg;
=> ZK337:-33670,111
We can call the segment's features() method in order to get the list of
contigs that overlap this segment (in the C. elegans database, contigs
have feature type "Sequence:Link"):
@links = $seg->features('Sequence:Link');
We can now set the reference sequence to the first of these contigs
like so:
$seg->refseq($links[0]);
print $seg;
=> Sequence:Link(LINK_Y95D11A):3997326,4031107
API
The remainder of this document describes the API for
Bio::DB::GFF::Segment.
new
Title : new
Usage : $s = Bio::DB::GFF::RelSegment->new(@args)
Function: create a new relative segment
Returns : a new Bio::DB::GFF::RelSegment object
Args : see below
Status : Public
This method creates a new Bio::DB::GFF::RelSegment object. Generally
this is called automatically by the Bio::DB::GFF module and
derivatives.
This function uses a named-argument style:
-factory a Bio::DB::GFF::Adaptor to use for database access
-seq ID of the source sequence
-class class of the source sequence
-start start of the desired segment relative to source sequence
-stop stop of the desired segment relative to source sequence
-ref ID of the reference sequence
-refclass class of the reference sequence
-offset 0-based offset from source sequence to start of segment
-length length of desired segment
-absolute, -force_absolute
use absolute coordinates, rather than coordinates relative
to the start of self or the reference sequence
The -seq argument accepts the ID of any landmark in the database. The
stored source sequence becomes whatever the GFF file indicates is the
proper sequence for this landmark. A class of "Sequence" is assumed
unless otherwise specified in the -class argument.
If the argument to -seq is a Bio::GFF::Featname object (such as
returned by the group() method), then the class is taken from that.
The optional -start and -stop arguments specify the end points for the
retrieved segment. For those who do not like 1-based indexing, -offset
and -length are provided. If both -start/-stop and -offset/-length are
provided, the latter overrides the former. Generally it is not a good
idea to mix metaphors.
-ref and -refclass together indicate a sequence to be used for relative
coordinates. If not provided, the source sequence indicated by -seq is
used as the reference sequence. If the argument to -ref is a
Bio::GFF::Featname object (such as returned by the group() method),
then the class is taken from that.
-force_absolute should be used if you wish to skip the lookup of the
absolute position of the source sequence that ordinarily occurs when
you create a relative segment. In this case, the source sequence must
be a sequence that has been specified as the "source" in the GFF file.
refseq
Title : refseq
Usage : $ref = $s->refseq([$newseq] [,$newseqclass])
Function: get/set reference sequence
Returns : current reference sequence
Args : new reference sequence and class (optional)
Status : Public
This method will get or set the reference sequence. Called with no
arguments, it returns the current reference sequence. Called with
either a sequence ID and class, a Bio::DB::GFF::Segment object (or
subclass) or a Bio::DB::GFF::Featname object, it will set the current
reference sequence and return the previous one.
The method will generate an exception if you attempt to set the
reference sequence to a sequence that isn't contained in the database,
or one that has a different source sequence from the segment.
abs_low
Title : abs_low
Usage : $s->abs_low
Function: the absolute lowest coordinate of the segment
Returns : an integer
Args : none
Status : Public
This is for GadFly compatibility, and returns the low coordinate in
absolute coordinates;
abs_high
Title : abs_high
Usage : $s->abs_high
Function: the absolute highest coordinate of the segment
Returns : an integer
Args : none
Status : Public
This is for GadFly compatibility, and returns the high coordinate in
absolute coordinates;
asString
Title : asString
Usage : $s->asString
Function: human-readable representation of the segment
Returns : a string
Args : none
Status : Public
This method will return a human-readable representation of the segment.
It is the overloaded method call for the "" operator.
Currently the format is:
refseq:start,stop
name
Title : name
Usage : Alias for asString()
absolute
Title : absolute
Usage : $abs = $s->absolute([$abs])
Function: get/set absolute coordinates
Returns : a boolean flag
Args : new setting for flag (optional)
Status : Public
Called with a boolean flag, this method controls whether to display
relative coordinates (relative to the reference sequence) or absolute
coordinates (relative to the source sequence). It will return the
previous value of the setting.
features
Title : features
Usage : @features = $s->features(@args)
Function: get features that overlap this segment
Returns : a list of Bio::DB::GFF::Feature objects
Args : see below
Status : Public
This method will find all features that overlap the segment and return
a list of Bio::DB::GFF::Feature objects. The features will use
coordinates relative to the reference sequence in effect at the time
that features() was called.
The returned list can be limited to certain types of feature by
filtering on their method and/or source. In addition, it is possible
to obtain an iterator that will step through a large number of features
sequentially.
Arguments can be provided positionally or using the named arguments
format. In the former case, the arguments are a list of feature types
in the format "method:source". Either method or source can be omitted,
in which case the missing component is treated as a wildcard. If no
colon is present, then the type is treated as a method name. Multiple
arguments are ORed together.
Examples:
@f = $s->features('exon:curated'); # all curated exons
@f = $s->features('exon:curated','intron'); # curated exons and all introns
@f = $s->features('similarity:.*EST.*'); # all similarities
# having something to do
# with ESTs
The named parameter form gives you control over a few options:
-types an array reference to type names in the format
"method:source"
-merge Whether to apply aggregators to the generated features (default yes)
-rare Turn on an optimization suitable for a relatively rare feature type,
where it will be faster to filter by feature type first
and then by position, rather than vice versa.
-attributes a hashref containing a set of attributes to match
-range_type One of 'overlapping', 'contains', or 'contained_in'
-iterator Whether to return an iterator across the features.
-binsize A true value will create a set of artificial features whose
start and stop positions indicate bins of the given size, and
whose scores are the number of features in the bin. The
class and method of the feature will be set to "bin",
its source to "method:source", and its group to "bin:method:source".
This is a handy way of generating histograms of feature density.
-merge is a boolean flag that controls whether the adaptor's
aggregators wll be applied to the features returned by this method.
If -iterator is true, then the method returns a single scalar value
consisting of a Bio::SeqIO object. You can call next_seq() repeatedly
on this object to fetch each of the features in turn. If iterator is
false or absent, then all the features are returned as a list.
The -attributes argument is a hashref containing one or more attributes
to match against:
-attributes => { Gene => 'abc-1',
Note => 'confirmed' }
Attribute matching is simple string matching, and multiple attributes
are ANDed together.
get_SeqFeatures
Title : get_SeqFeatures
Usage :
Function: returns the top level sequence features
Returns : L<Bio::SeqFeatureI> objects
Args : none
Segments do not ordinarily return any subfeatures.
feature_count
Title : feature_count
Usage : $seq->feature_count()
Function: Return the number of SeqFeatures attached to a sequence
Returns : integer representing the number of SeqFeatures
Args : none
This method comes through extension of Bio::FeatureHolderI. See
Bio::FeatureHolderI for more information.
get_feature_stream
Title : features
Usage : $stream = $s->get_feature_stream(@args)
Function: get a stream of features that overlap this segment
Returns : a Bio::SeqIO::Stream-compliant stream
Args : see below
Status : Public
This is the same as features(), but returns a stream. Use like this:
$stream = $s->get_feature_stream('exon');
while (my $exon = $stream->next_seq) {
print $exon->start,"\n";
}
get_seq_stream
Title : get_seq_stream
Usage : $stream = $s->get_seq_stream(@args)
Function: get a stream of features that overlap this segment
Returns : a Bio::SeqIO::Stream-compliant stream
Args : see below
Status : Public
This is the same as feature_stream(), and is provided for Bioperl
compatibility. Use like this:
$stream = $s->get_seq_stream('exon');
while (my $exon = $stream->next_seq) {
print $exon->start,"\n";
}
overlapping_features
Title : overlapping_features
Usage : @features = $s->overlapping_features(@args)
Function: get features that overlap this segment
Returns : a list of Bio::DB::GFF::Feature objects
Args : see features()
Status : Public
This is an alias for the features() method, and takes the same
arguments.
contained_features
Title : contained_features
Usage : @features = $s->contained_features(@args)
Function: get features that are contained by this segment
Returns : a list of Bio::DB::GFF::Feature objects
Args : see features()
Status : Public
This is identical in behavior to features() except that it returns only
those features that are completely contained within the segment, rather
than any that overlap.
contained_in
Title : contained_in
Usage : @features = $s->contained_in(@args)
Function: get features that contain this segment
Returns : a list of Bio::DB::GFF::Feature objects
Args : see features()
Status : Public
This is identical in behavior to features() except that it returns only
those features that completely contain the segment.
delete
Title : delete
Usage : $db->delete(@args)
Function: delete features
Returns : count of features deleted -- if available
Args : numerous, see below
Status : public
This method deletes all features that overlap the specified region or
are of a particular type. If no arguments are provided and the -force
argument is true, then deletes ALL features.
Arguments:
-type,-types Either a single scalar type to be deleted, or an
reference to an array of types.
-range_type Control the range type of the deletion. One of "overlaps" (default)
"contains" or "contained_in"
Examples:
$segment->delete(-type=>['intron','repeat:repeatMasker']); # remove all introns & repeats
$segment->delete(-type=>['intron','repeat:repeatMasker']
-range_type => 'contains'); # remove all introns & repeats
# strictly contained in segment
IMPORTANT NOTE: This method only deletes features. It does *NOT*
delete the names of groups that contain the deleted features. Group
IDs will be reused if you later load a feature with the same group name
as one that was previously deleted.
NOTE ON FEATURE COUNTS: The DBI-based versions of this call return the
result code from the SQL DELETE operation. Some dbd drivers return the
count of rows deleted, while others return 0E0. Caveat emptor.
_process_feature_args
Title : _process_feature_args
Usage : @args = $s->_process_feature_args(@args)
Function: preprocess arguments passed to features,
contained_features, and overlapping_features
Returns : a list of parsed arguents
Args : see feature()
Status : Internal
This is an internal method that is used to check and format the
arguments to features() before passing them on to the adaptor.
types
Title : types
Usage : @types = $s->types([-enumerate=>1])
Function: list feature types that overlap this segment
Returns : a list of Bio::DB::GFF::Typename objects or a hash
Args : see below
Status : Public
The types() method will return a list of Bio::DB::GFF::Typename
objects, each corresponding to a feature that overlaps the segment. If
the optional -enumerate parameter is set to a true value, then the
method will return a hash in which the keys are the type names and the
values are the number of times a feature of that type is present on the
segment. For example:
%count = $s->types(-enumerate=>1);
Internal Methods
The following are internal methods and should not be called directly.
new_from_segment
Title : new_from_segment
Usage : $s = $segment->new_from_segment(@args)
Function: create a new relative segment
Returns : a new Bio::DB::GFF::RelSegment object
Args : see below
Status : Internal
This constructor is used internally by the subseq() method. It forces
the new segment into the Bio::DB::GFF::RelSegment package, regardless
of the package that it is called from. This causes subclass-specfic
information, such as feature types, to be dropped when a subsequence is
created.
_abs2rel
Title : _abs2rel
Usage : @coords = $s->_abs2rel(@coords)
Function: convert absolute coordinates into relative coordinates
Returns : a list of relative coordinates
Args : a list of absolute coordinates
Status : Internal
This is used internally to map from absolute to relative coordinates.
It does not take the offset of the reference sequence into account, so
please use abs2rel() instead.
rel2abs
Title : rel2abs
Usage : @coords = $s->rel2abs(@coords)
Function: convert relative coordinates into absolute coordinates
Returns : a list of absolute coordinates
Args : a list of relative coordinates
Status : Public
This function takes a list of positions in relative coordinates to the
segment, and converts them into absolute coordinates.
abs2rel
Title : abs2rel
Usage : @rel_coords = $s->abs2rel(@abs_coords)
Function: convert absolute coordinates into relative coordinates
Returns : a list of relative coordinates
Args : a list of absolute coordinates
Status : Public
This function takes a list of positions in absolute coordinates and
returns a list expressed in relative coordinates.
Bio::RangeI Methods
The following Bio::RangeI methods are supported:
overlaps(), contains(),
equals(),intersection(),union(),overlap_extent()BUGS
Schemas need some work.
SEE ALSO
bioperl
AUTHOR
Lincoln Stein <lstein@cshl.org>.
Copyright (c) 2001 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
perl v5.14.1 2011-07-22 Bio::DB::GFF::RelSegment(3)